PROTECTING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OF HEALTH WORKERS

PROTECTING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
OF HEALTH WORKERS FLASH DRIVE

Table of Contents
1. WHO Guidelines
1.1 Buildings
• Hospital Safety Index. Washington, Pan-American Health Organization's
Disaster Mitigation Advisory Group, n.d.
http://www.paho.org/english/dd/ped/SafeHospitalsChecklist.htm
This index helps health facilities assess their safety and avoid becoming a
casualty of disasters. It provides a snapshot of the probability that a hospital or
health facility continues its operations during emergency situations, based on
structural, nonstructural and functional factors, including the environment and the
health services network to which it belongs.
(English, Spanish)

• Adams J, Bartram J, Chartier Y, eds. Essential environmental health
standards in health care. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/settings/ehs_hc/en/ind
ex.html
This document provides guidance on essential environmental health standards
required for health care in medium- and low-resource countries and support the
development and implementation of national policies and have been written for
use by health managers and planners, architects, urban planners, water and
sanitation staff, clinical and nursing staff, careers and other health-care
providers, and health promoters.
(English, French)

• Water safety in buildings. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/settings/water_safety_
buildings_march2010.pdf.
This document deals with all buildings where people use or are exposed to water
except for sole occupancy dwellings and homes, including hospitals, schools,

universities, child care, medical and dental facilities, aged and residential care,
apartment blocks, ambulance and fire stations, restaurants, and hotels.
Exposure includes ingestion, contact or inhalation of water supplied for purposes
including but not limited to drinking, bathing, food preparation, recreation and
irrigation.
(English, French)

1.2 Chemical Safety

1.2.1 Cancer
• Carcinogenicity in Humans. Evaluation and Rational. Ethylene Oxide. In
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
Vol. 97. 1,3-Butadiene, Ethylene Oxide and Vinyl Halides (Vinyl Fluoride,
Vinyl Chloride and Vinyl Bromide). Lyon, World Health Organization and
International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2008.
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol97/index.php
(English)

1.2.2 Mercury
• Mercury in health care: policy paper. Geneva, World Health Organization,
2005 (WHO/SDE/WSH/05.08).
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/mercury/en/inde
x.html
This document analyses how health-care facilities are one of the main sources of
mercury release into the atmosphere due to incineration of medical waste. Non
mercury alternatives are presented, and proposals are given for short-, medium-
and long-term strategies to gradually achieve the substitution of mercury-based
medical devices.
(Arabic, English, French, Spanish)

• Towards the tipping point: WHO-HCWH Global Initiative to Substitute
Mercury-Based Medical Devices in Health Care, A Two-Year Progress
Report. Geneva, World Health Organization and Health Care Without
Harm, 2010.
http://www.mercuryfreehealthcare.org//Toward_the_Tipping_Point.pdf

WHO and HCWH have issued a two-year progress report on the global Mercury-
Free Health Care Initiative. The report documents the progress of dozens of
countries from around the world moving towards mercury-free health care.
(English)

• Preventing disease through healthy environments. Exposure to mercury: a
major public health concern. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007.
http://www.who.int/phe/news/Mercury-flyer.pdf
This flyer presents information on the forms of mercury, its different toxicities and
implications for health and sources of exposure to mercury. It also presents WHO
recommendations to reduce or eliminate releases of mercury and its compounds
to the environment.
(English)

• Replacement of mercury thermometers and sphygomomanometers in
health care: Technical guidance, 2011.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2011/mercury_the
rmometers/en/
(English, Spanish)

1.3 Hand Hygiene
• WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care. Geneva, World Health
Organization, 2009.
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241597906_eng.pdf.
(English, French)

1.4 Health Care Waste
• Adams J, Bartram J, Chartier Y, eds. Essential environmental health
standards in health care. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/settings/ehs_hc/en/ind
ex.html
(English, French)

• Aide-memoire for a national strategy for health-care waste management.
Geneva World Health Organization, 2000.

http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/aidemem.pdf
(English)

• Fact Sheet: Wastes from health-care activities. Geneva, World Health
Organization, 2007 (WHO Fact sheet, N° 253).
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs253/en/index.html
This fact sheet analyses the different kinds of hazardous waste and provides
guidance to improve the health-care waste management.
(Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish)

• Guidelines for safe disposal of unwanted pharmaceuticals in and after
emergencies. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/unwantpharm.p
df
Guidance for drug disposal during emergency situations, such as armed
conflicts, natural disasters or others. The guidance consists in relatively simple
and low-cost measures and is addressed to local authorities, health care
personnel or other professionals confronted to this type of problem.
(English)

• Management of solid health-care waste at primary health-care centres: A
decision-making guide. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/decisionmguide
_rev_oct06.pdf
Guide for selecting the most appropriate solid waste management options at
Primary Health-Care centres (PHCs) in developing countries.
(English, French)

• Safe health-care waste management: policy paper. Geneva, World Health
Organization, 2004.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/en/hcwmpolicye.
pdf
This policy paper constitutes WHO guidance for countries to conduct
assessments prior to any decision as to which health-care management methods

be chosen. Tools for assessment and decision-making process are also
provided.
(English, French, Russian, Spanish)

• Prüss A, Giroult E, Rushbrook P, eds. Safe management of wastes from
healthcare activities. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/wastemanag/en/
index.html
Comprenhensive guide on safe, efficient, and environmentally sound methods for
handling and disposal of health-care waste. It focuses on basic processes and
technologies that are affordable, sustainable, and culturally appropriate.
(English)
o Prüss A, Townsend WK. Teacher's guide: management of wastes
from health-care activities. Geneva, World Health Organization,
1998 (WHO/EOS/98.6).
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/wsh9806/
en/index.html
Provides teaching materials and recommendations for a three-day
training course, designed mainly managers of health-care establishments,
public health professionals and policy-makers.
(English)

• WHO core principles for achieving safe and sustainable management of
health-care waste: policy paper. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007
(WHO/SDE/WSH/07.10).
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/hcwprinciples.pdf
(English)

1.5 Immunizations

• Aide Memoire: Hepatitis B Immunization of Health Workers
(English, Spanish)

• "First, do no harm". Introducing auto-disable syringes and ensuring
injection safety in immunization systems of developing countries. Geneva,
World Health Organization, 2002 (WHO/V&B/02.26).

http://www.who.int/immunization_safety/publications/waste_management/I
SPPpublicationsWM/en/index.html
This guideline aims to assist policy-makers and programme managers to plan the
introduction of auto-disable (AD) syringes as part of a comprehensive national
policy and plan of action to improve injection safety, both for routine
immunization and for mass campaigns.
(French)

• 63rd World Health Assembly Resolution on Viral Hepatitis, 2010.
http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA63/A63_R18-en.pdf

1.6 Infection Prevention and Control
• Acosta-Gnass, SI, DE Andrade Stempliuk V. Manual de esterilización para
centros de salud. [Sterilization Manual for Health Centers]. Washington,
Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization and USAID,
2008.
http://www.paho.org/English/AD/DPC/CD/amr-manual-esterilizacion.htm
Manual intended to inform health workers on the protocols and procedures to
prevent hospital infections, both inside and outside the sterilization plant. It
includes steps to follow in cleaning, preparing, sterilizing, storing, and
transporting hospital equipment.
(Spanish)

• Advice on the use of masks in the community setting in Influenza A(H1N1)
outbreaks, 2009.
http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Adviceusemaskscommunityr
evised.pdf

• Aide-memoire for infection prevention and control in a health-care facility.
Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004 (WHO/EHT/04.15).
http://www.who.int/injection_safety/AM_InfectionControl_Final.pdf
Provides information on core infection prevention and control interventions for
health-care facilities and includes a checklist that comprises management,

information, education and communication, equipment and supply and
surveillance areas.
(English)

• Core components for infection prevention and control programmes
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2011/WHO_HSE_GAR_BDP_2011.3_eng.pdf
(Arabic, English, French, Russian, Spanish)

• Infection-control measures for health care of patients with acute
respiratory diseases in community settings - Trainer's Guide
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2009/WHO_HSE_GAR_BDP_2009.1_eng.pdf
(Chinese, English, French, Spanish)

• Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute
respiratory diseases in health care – WHO interim guidelines. Geneva,
World Health Organization, 2007 (WHO/CDS/EPR/2007.6).
http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/swineflu/WHO_CDS_EPR_2
007_6/en/index.html
(Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, Spanish)

1.7 Injection Safety

• WHO best practices for injections and related procedures toolkit
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599252_eng.pdf
(Chinese, English, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish)

• WHO guidelines on drawing blood: best practices in phlebotomy
(Chinese, English, French, Portuguese)

1.8 Natural Ventilation
• Atkinson, J et al., eds. Natural ventilation for infection control in health-
care settings. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009.

http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/natural_ventilation
/en/index.html
This guideline defines natural ventilation and explores the design requirements
for natural ventilation in the context of infection control, describing the basic
principles of design, construction, operation and maintenance for an effective
natural ventilation system to control infection in health-care settings.
(English, French, Spanish)

1.9 Occupational Health and Patient Safety
• Aide Memoire: Health care worker safety
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/activities/1am_hcw.pdf
(English, Spanish)

• Aide Memoire: Hepatitis B Immunization of Health Workers
(English, Spanish)

• PAHO Manual for managers on health and safety.
http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=152
7&Itemid=1349&limit=1&limitstart=7
(English, Spanish)

• Occupational health: a manual for primary health care workers. Geneva,
World Health Organization, 2001 (WHO-EM/OCH/85/E/L).
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/emhealthcarework/en/
index.html
The classic approach to ensuring health and safety in the workplace has
depended mainly on the enactment of legislation and inspection of workplaces to
ensure compliance with health and safety standards. While this approach has
been effective in controlling many specific occupational hazards since the
Industrial Revolution, it has not been very effective in the past several decades,
particularly in developing countries, for several reasons. This manual also
includes a Trainer's Guide.
(English)

1.10 Procurement

• PQS device catalogue. Pre-qualified equipment for the expanded
programme on immunization (EPI). Geneva, World Health Organization,
2011
http://www.who.int/immunization_standards/vaccine_quality/pqs_devices_
catalogue_3nov2011.pdf
WHO develops specifications for and "prequalifies" particular types of
immunization equipment and medical devices, which can then be obtained by
developing countries through large donors such as UNICEF at pre-negotiated
prices. Listed here are key, relevant energy saving devices.
(English)

1.11 Tuberculosis

• Guidelines for intensified tuberculosis case-finding and isoniazid
preventive therapy for people living with HIV in resource-constrained
settings
(English, French, Russian)

• Stop TB Partnership: TB Infection Control Subgroup Presentations
http://www.stoptb.org/wg/tb_hiv/icstrainlist.asp
1. Introduction
2. TB epidemiology
3. Infection control basics and introduction to the WHO policy
recommendations
4. Managerial activities
5. Administrative measures
a. Exercise: managerial activities and administrative
controls
6. Environmental control
a. Ventilation concepts, natural ventilation
b. Mechanical and mixed mode ventilation
c. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI)
d. Filtration
e. Facility design, renovation and use
7. 7.1 Respiratory protection
7.2 Respirator fit testing
8. Advocacy and resource mobilization
9. Human resources development
10. Monitoring and evaluation
11. Laboratory safety
12. References

(English)

• WHO Policy on TB Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities, Congregate
Settings and Housing


(English, French)

• Implementing the WHO Policy on TB Infection Control in Health-Care
Facilities, Congregate Settings and Households

http://www.stoptb.org/wg/tb_hiv/assets/documents/TBICImplementationFr
amework1288971813.pdf

(English)

1.12 Violence

• Joint Programme on Workplace Violence in the Health Sector

http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/activities/workplac
e/documents/en/index.html

The Framework guidelines for addressing workplace violence in the health
sector are intended to support all those responsible for safety in the
workplace, be it governments, employers, workers, trade unions,
professional bodies or members of the public. The tool will guide you
through the complexity of issues to be considered when developing anti-
violence policies and strategies for all work-settings in the health sector.
These can be adapted to meet local and national needs and constraints.

(English, French, Russian, Spanish)

• Research Instruments (English)
o Focus Group Guidelines:
http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/interperson
al/en/WVfocusgroupdiscussion.pdf
o Questionnaire:
al/en/WVquestionnaire.pdf
o Research Protocol:
al/en/WVresearchprotocol.pdf

o Sample Design:
al/en/WV_sampledesign.pdf

• Working Papers (English)
o State of the Art:
http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/activities/wo
rkplace/WVstateart.pdf
o Synthesis Report:
http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/activities/wo
rkplace/WVsynthesisreport.pdf

1.13 Water
• Thompson T, et. al. Chemical safety of drinking-water: Assessing priorities
for risk management. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007.
Provides information about: a) priority chemicals in drinking-water for risk
management, b) identification of specific chemicals in individual water supply
systems, c) sources of potential contaminants and identification chemicals that
could be of concern in particular circumstances.
(English)

2. WHO Tools and Resources

2.1 Needlestick Injuries Toolkit
Protecting Healthcare Workers: Preventing needlestick injuries toolkit.
Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005.
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/activities/pnitoolkit/en/index.html.
This toolkit includes sections related to general information, training materials,
ICN fact-sheets and guidelines, ILO code of practice (COP) on HIV/ AIDS and
implementing the ILO COP, post exposure prophylaxis (PEP), resources,
surveillance and WHO injection safety materials.
2.1.1 Training materials

• Core presentations (English, Spanish)
o Best Practices for Giving Safe Injections

o Efficacy of Control Measures
o Epidemiology of Needlestick Injuries
o PEP Post Exposure Prophylaxis Guideline

• Mini-presentations (English, Spanish)
o Efficacy of Control Measures
o Epidemiology of Needlestick Injuries
o Needlestick Prevention Committees
o Post Exposure Prophylaxis
o Mini Presentation Evaluation Form

• Case studies (English, Spanish)
o Needlestick Case Studies Exercise
Video
o Policy planning Case Study

• Selecting Safer Devices: 2011 Health Care Workers Safety Device
Forms (English)

• Additional Presentations (English)
o Case Studies
Video Exercise Response
Video Exercise - Linda
o Committees - Prevention and Control Occupational Health and
Safety Committee and Needlestick Prevention Committee
o Epidemiology of Blood Borne Pathogens
o Good practices at the national level protecting the occupational
health of health workers
o Healthy Workplace Action Plan/Next Steps…
o How to Conduct a Workplace Assessment
o Rapid Assessment Tool
o Efficacy of Control Measures Used to Prevent Needlestick
Injuries - sharps boxes

3. WHO White Papers and Position Papers

• Health in the Green Economy - Health Facilities Executive Summary
http://www.who.int/hia/hgebrief_health.pdf
(English, Spanish)

• WHO Workers' health: global plan of action
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/en/

• Working together for health: The World Health Report 2006.

http://www.who.int/whr/2006/en/index.html

• The world health report - Health systems financing: the path to universal
coverage, 2010.
http://www.who.int/whr/2010/en/index.html
(Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German Summary, Portuguese,
Russian, Spanish)

• The World Health Report 2008: Primary Health Care (Now More Than
Ever)
http://www.who.int/whr/2008/en/
(Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Portuguese Russian, Spanish)

4. WHO Global Burden of Disease

• Sharps injuries: Assessing the burden of disease from sharps injuries to
health-care workers at national and local levels
http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/ebd11.pdf
(English)

• Sharps injuries: Global burden of disease from sharps injuries to health-
workers
http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/9241562463/en/#
(English)

5. WHO-ILO Guidelines

• Joint ILO/WHO guidelines on health services and HIV/AIDS. Geneva,
World Health Organization and International Labour Organization, 2005.
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/activities/2ilowho.pdf
Guidelines for legislation, policy development, labour relations, occupational
safety and health, and other technical subjects HIV/AIDS related. They discuss
the basis for action, identify roles and responsibilities, set out the key policies and
actions needed for sound management of HIV/AIDS in health services, and
include core references in each section.
(English, Spanish)

• WHO-ILO-UNAIDS policy guidelines for improving health worker access to
HIV and TB prevention, treatment care and support, 2010.

http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/hiv_tb_guidelines/en/i
ndex.html

The health sector is responsible for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care
of illness and can contribute to reducing stigma and discrimination in the context
of health services. Countries must protect the health and rights of their health
workers by optimizing their working conditions. By protecting health workers,
countries would ensure that those providing health services are themselves
healthy. This will in turn facilitate people’s rights of access to quality health
services.

o Guidance note (English, French, Spanish)
o Systematic review of evidence (English)

6. ILO

6.1 Conventions

• C155 - Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155)
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:55:3843436852281
256:::55:P55_TYPE,P55_LANG,P55_DOCUMENT,P55_NODE:SUP,en,C
155,/Document
(English, Spanish)

• C161 - Occupational Health Services Convention, 1985 (No. 161)
335496::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:C161:NO
(English, Spanish)

• C187 - Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health
Convention, 2006 (No. 187)
796597::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:C187:NO
(English, Spanish)

• R197 - Occupational Safety and Health Recommendation, 2006 (No. 197)
402887::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:R197:NO
(English, Spanish)

6.2 HIV/AIDS

• ILO Code of Practice on HIV and the World of Work

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---
ilo_aids/documents/publication/wcms_113783.pdf

The code provides invaluable practical guidance to policy-makers, employers'
and workers' organizations and other social partners for formulating and
implementing appropriate workplace policy, prevention and care programmes,
and for establishing strategies to address workers in the informal sector. It is the
product of collaboration between the ILO and its tripartite constituents, as well as
cooperation with its international partners.

• Implementing the ILO code of practice on HIV/AIDS and the world of work.
An education and training manual.

http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/2003/103B09_46_engl.pdf

A valuable educational and training tool, this comprehensive manual offers
practical guidance for formulating viable policies and programmes to combat
HIV/AIDS in the world of work. Aimed at protecting the rights and dignity of
workers, their families, and all people living with HIV/AIDS, the education and
training material provided here can be applied to all sectors, public and private,
formal and informal.
(English, Spanish)

• Recommendation concerning HIV and AIDS and the World of Work, 2010
(No. 200)

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---
ilo_aids/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_142706.pdf

The new labour standard is the first human rights instrument to focus on HIV and
AIDS in the world of work, and was adopted - by an overwhelming majority - by
governments, employers' and workers' representatives from ILO member States
at the International Labour Conference in June 2010.
(English, French)

7. CDC

• CDC Workbook: Sharps Injury Prevention
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/activities/1cdcwork.pdf
(English, Spanish)

• Exposure to Blood Brochure
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/activities/2brochure.pdf
(English, Spanish)

• Hepatitis B and the Health Care Worker

http://www.who.int/occupational_health/activities/3hepatiti.pdf
(English, Spanish)

• Immunization of Health Care Workers
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/activities/4cdcimmun.pdf
(English, Spanish)

8. CDC/NIOSH

• Bloodborne Infectious Diseases: HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C -
Safer Medical Device Implementation in Health Care Facilities
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/bbp/safer/
o Lessons, each with 4 hospitals and 1 dental facility
Form a sharps injury prevention team
Identify priorities
Identify and screen safer medical devices
Evaluate safer medical device(s)
Implement and monitor the use of the new safer medical
device
(English)

• NIOSH Alert Protecting Needlestick Injuries
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/activities/5nioshapn.pdf
(English, Spanish)

• NIOSH Brochure: How to Protect Yourself from Needlestick Injuries
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/activities/6nioshbhp.pdf
(English, Spanish)

• Selecting, Evaluating, and Using Sharps Disposal Containers
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-111/pdfs/97-111.pdf
(English)

9. World Health Professions Alliance
9.1 Positive Practice Environments Campaign Toolkit
http://www.ppecampaign.org/content/campaign-toolkit

9.1.1 About the Positive Practice Environments Campaign

• A Call to Action: Positive Practice Environments for a real and lasting
impact on patients and health professionals

http://www.ppecampaign.org/sites/ppecampaign.org/files/toolkit/en/Call-to-
Action.pdf

• Campaign Overview: Positive Practice Environments for a Health Care
Quality Workplace for Quality Care
http://www.ppecampaign.org/sites/ppecampaign.org/files/toolkit/en/Campa
ign-Overview.pdf

• Campaign Poster
http://www.ppecampaign.org/sites/ppecampaign.org/files/toolkit/en/PPE-
Poster.pdf

9.1.2 Tools and Resources

• Fact Sheet: Positive Practice Environments for Health Care Professionals
http://www.ppecampaign.org/sites/ppecampaign.org/files/toolkit/en/Fact-
Sheet-PPE-for-Healthcare-Professionals.pdf

• Checklist: Key Characteristics of Positive Practice Environments for
Health Care Professionals
http://www.ppecampaign.org/sites/ppecampaign.org/files/toolkit/en/Key-
Characteristics-of-PPE-for-Health-Care-Professionals.pdf

• Fact Sheet: Incentive Systems for Health Professionals
http://www.ppecampaign.org/sites/ppecampaign.org/files/toolkit/en/Fact-
Sheet-Incentive-systems-for-health-care-professionals.pdf

• Guidelines: Incentives for Health Professionals
http://www.ppecampaign.org/sites/ppecampaign.org/files/toolkit/en/Guideli
nes-incentive-systems-for-health-professionals.pdf

• Promoting Health: Advocacy Guide for Health Professionals
http://www.ppecampaign.org/sites/ppecampaign.org/files/toolkit/en/Promot
ing-health-Advocacy%20Guide.pdf

• Sample Press Release
http://www.ppecampaign.org/sites/ppecampaign.org/files/toolkit/en/Sampl
e-Press-Release.pdf

• Fact Sheet: PPEs: Meeting the information needs of health professionals
http://www.ppecampaign.org/sites/ppecampaign.org/files/images/PPE_Fa
ctSheet_Meeting_the_information_needs_HIFA2015.pdf

10. International Council of Nurses

• Occupational health and safety for nurses
http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/position_stateme
nts/C08_Occupational_Health_Safety.pdf
(English)

11. Greening Health
• H2E Self-assessment guide. Hospitals for a Healthy Environment
http://practicegreenhealth.org/pubs/selfasmt.pdf
This guide includes sections on overall environmental policies and procedures,
as well as information on specific waste streams (e.g., solid waste, regulated
medical waste, chemical waste and mercury). It also includes a section on
environmentally preferable purchasing for hospitals. This self-assessment guide
also suggests collecting baseline data including the annual weight of every waste
stream leaving the facility and the costs to manage that material.
Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E: a collaboration between the
American Hospital Association, American Nurses Association, US Environmental
Protection Agency, and Health Care Without Harm).
(English)

12. EPINet

• EPINet Instructions for Access
• EPINet Confidential
• EPINet Full

Africa
• Africa Uniform Blood & Body Fluid Exposure
• Africa Uniform Needlestick and Sharp Object Injury
• Africa-RSA Post Exposure Follow-Up
• Continental Africa Directions
• Continental Africa-RSA Access EPINet 2003 format

U.S.
• New US Post Exposure Follow-Up
(English, Spanish)
• US Uniform Blood & Body Fluid Exposure
(English, Spanish)
• US Uniform Needlestick and Sharp Object Injury
(English, Spanish)
• 2003 Access U.S.

Acknowledgements:
The production of this collection of materials was made possible thanks to the
kind technical and financial support of the US National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health (USAID WHO Consolidated Grant GHA-G-00-09-00003).

PROTECTING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OF HEALTH WORKERS

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