symfony: Simplify your professional web development with PHP (IPC Frankfurt 2007)

symfony
Simplify your professional
web development with PHP

Fabien Potencier
http://www.symfony-project.com/
http://www.sensiolabs.com/

International PHP 2007 Conference www.symfony-project.com fabien.potencier@sensio.com www.sensiolabs.com

Sensio
• French Web Agency, founded in 1998
– 150 people
– 30 people dedicated to Web technologies

SENSIO
Web Agency

Web
Webmarketing
Technologies

Open Source
Technologies
(Framework PHP)


Sensio Labs
• Open-Source technologies
– Linux
– Apache
– MySQL / PostgreSQL
– PHP / Perl / Python
• Open-Source dedicated team
• Big company customers
– Web Consulting symfony
PHP Framework
– Audit / Training
– Web Development


The symfony Framework
• PHP 5 Web Framework
• Based on 9 years of Sensio experience
• Based on well-known projets (Mojavi, Propel, Prado)
• Open-Source
• Built for :
– Professional Websites
– Complex needs
– Demanding environments Licence
MIT


The symfony Goals
• Bring together the « Entreprise World »
and the Open-Source World

• Develop Faster

• Don’t Reinvent the Wheel


Develop Faster
• Each line of code has a cost
– To write the line less code

– To test it
less complexity
– To maintain it 
less bugs
• Write less code 
– Architecture : controller, ORM, … more productivity

– Configuration
more time
– Autoloading
– Generators
– Helpers
• More time for business rules, edge cases, …

Don’t Reinvent the Wheel
• Follow best practices
• MVC Pattern : Model / View / Controller

• Unit and functional test framework
• Environment and deployment support
• Configurability
• Security (XSS and CSRF protection by default)
• Extensible (plugin system)
Simplify
• Admin Generator your Dev. Life


Main Selling Points
• symfony is about good code but also …

• Documentation
– GFDL book (450p)
– The askeet tutorial (250p)

• 1.0 maintained for a long time
– 1 release a month (only bug fixes) 1.0
– Commercial support


Let’s see some features


Controller
# apps/frontend/modules/blog/actions/actions.class.php
class blogActions extends sfActions
{ Controller blog/show
function executeShow()
{
$id = $this->getRequestParameter('id');
Model call (Propel)
$this->post = PostPeer::retrieveByPk($id);

For the View

$this->forward404Unless($this->post);
}
Shortcut
}


Controller
{ 1.0
{
$this->forward404Unless(
$this->post = PostPeer::retrieveByPk($this->getRequestParameter('id'))
);
}
}

{ 1.1
function showAction($request)
{
$this->forward404Unless(
$this->post = PostPeer::retrieveByPk($request->getParameter('id'))
);
}
}


Controller (Doctrine)
# apps/frontend/modules/blog/actions/actions.class.php
{
{
$id = $this->getRequestParameter('id');
$this->post = Doctrine::getTable('Post')->find($id);

$this->forward404Unless($this->post);
}
}


Model (Propel)
// lib/model/Author.php
class Author extends BaseAuthor
{
function getFullName()
{
return $this->getFirstName().' '.$this->getLastName();
}
}

$author = new Author();
$author->setFirstName('Fabien');
$author->setLastName('Potencier');
$author->save();

$post = new Post();
$post->setAuthor($author);
$post->setPublishedOn('tomorrow 12:00');
$post->isPublished(true);
$post->save();

$posts = PostPeer::doSelect(new Criteria());


Model (Doctrine)
// lib/model/doctrine/lib/Author.php
class Author extends BaseAuthor
{
function getFullName()
{
return $this->getFirstName().' '.$this->getLastName();
}
}

$author = new Author();
$author->setFirstName('Fabien');
$author->setLastName('Potencier');
Same as in Propel
$author->save();

$post = new Post();
$post->setAuthor($author);
$post->setPublishedOn('tomorrow 12:00');
$post->isPublished(true);
$post->save();

$posts = Doctrine::getTable('Post')->findAll();

$post = Doctrine::getTable('Post')->find($request->getParameter('id'));


View / Template
# apps/frontend/modules/post/templates/showSuccess.php
<h1 class="title">
<?php echo $post->getTitle() ?>
</h1>

<h2>
par <?php echo $post->getAuthor()->getFullName() ?>
</h2>
Escaped Escaped
<p>
<?php echo $post->getHtmlContent(ESC_RAW) ?>
</p>
Raw Value


Routing
homepage:
/ param: { module: blog, action: recent } url_for('@homepage')
url: /

homepage:
/ param: { module: blog, action: list }
url: /
recent:
/recent
param: { module: blog, action: recent }
url: /recent

post:
link_to(
param: { module: blog, action: show }
/blog/1 $post->getTitle(),
requirements:
'@post?id='.$post->getId()
id: d+
)
url: /blog/:id


Routing in a Template
<?php echo link_to($post->getTitle(), '@post?id='.$post->getId()) ?>

<a href="<?php echo url_for('@post?id='.$post->getId()) ?>">Next Post</a>

<?php echo link_to('Google', 'http://www.google.com/') ?>

<a href="http://www.google.com/">Google</a>

Be pragmatic


Tests: Database Fixtures
• Test data
# data/fixtures/data.yml
Author:
fabien:
first_name: Fabien
last_name: Potencier
Post:
first_post:
author_id: fabien
title: IPC 2007 Conference

$ ./symfony propel-load-data frontend


Functional Tests
• Navigation simulation
// test/functional/frontend/blogActionsTest.php
$browser = new sfTestBrowser();
$browser->initialize();
$browser->
get('/blog/1')-> Fluent
isStatusCode(200)-> Interface
checkResponseElement('h1.title', '/IPC 2007 Conference/');

The power of CSS selectors

TDD
Test Driven Development


Be Happy… or not
$ ./symfony test-functional frontend
# get /
ok 1 - status code is 200
not ok 2 - response selector h1 does not match regex /IPC 2007 Conference/
1..2
Looks like you failed 1 tests of 2.

$ ./symfony test-functional frontend
# get /
ok 1 - status code is 200
ok 2 - response selector h1 matches regex /IPC 2007 Conference/
1..2
Looks like everything went fine.


Functional Tests
# simple CSS selectors
checkResponseElement('h1.title', '/IPC 2007 Conference/')
checkResponseElement('#title', '/IPC 2007 Conference/')

# attribute selectors
checkResponseElement('ul li a[class~="title"]', '/IPC 2007 Conference/')

# combinators: > and +
checkResponseElement('ul > li', '/IPC 2007 Conference/')

# some CSS3 selectors
checkResponseElement('#list li:first-child', '/IPC 2007 Conference/')
checkResponseElement('#list li:nth-child(3)', '/IPC 2007 Conference/')
checkResponseElement('#list li:contains("IPC 2007 Conference")')


Functional Tests
class ApplicationBrowser extends sfTestBrowser
{
public function signin($user, $password)
{
return $this->
post('/signin', array('username' => $user, 'password' => $password))->
isRedirect()->
followRedirect()->
checkResponseElement('div.username', 'Welcome back Fabien');
}

public function signout()
{
return $this->get('/signout');
} DSL
} Your own specific browser


Admin Generator: Backend Creation
• Automatic generation of an Administration
Backend, ready for production usage
– Lists – Filters
– Pagination – Validation
– Sorting – CRUD

$ ./symfony propel-init-admin frontend post Post

1) Creates a post module
2) Generates configuration


Admin Generator
• Generated code is MVC and customizable
– Configuration file (generator.yml)
– Extend the Controller
– Override some Templates / Partials


Admin Generator: Configurability
# apps/frontend/modules/post/config/generator.yml
generator:
class: sfPropelAdminGenerator
param:
model_class: Post
list:
display: [=title, author, created_at]
filters: [title, author_id, published_on]
max_per_page: 5


Admin Generator
• List


Admin Generator
• Edition

__toString()

widgets m2m relationship


Admin Generator: Extensibility
• Module extension
class postActions extends autoPostActions
{
protected function addFiltersCriteria($c) Generated
{ module
parent::addFiltersCriteria($c);
$c->add(PostPeer::IS_PUBLISHED, true);
}
}

• Template customization
_edit_* : actions, footer, form, header, messages
_list_* : footer, header, messages, td_actions, t(d|h)_stacked, t(d|h)_tabular
_filters, editSuccess, listSuccess


Debugging Tools
• Web Debug Toolbar


Debugging Tools
• Error messages


What’s New in symfony 1.1?
• A new task framework
• Decoupling
– Remove singletons
– Remove dependencies between core classes
– New Event Dispatcher system
• Form / Validation framework


New Task Framework
• Easier to extend the symfony tasks
• Task namespaces
• Built-in help system
• Tasks are decoupled from the CLI
– Can be called from the CLI
– … or from your own code… easily


Task Namespaces
generate
:app Generates a new application (init-app)
:batch Generates a new batch (init-batch)
:controller Generates a new controller (init-controller)
:module Generates a new module (init-module)
:project Generates a new project (init-project)

test
:all Launches all tests
:functional Launches functional tests
:unit Launches unit tests

i18n
:extract Extracts i18n strings from php files
:find Finds non "i18n ready" strings in an application


Task Help
$ ./symfony help plugin:install
Usage:
symfony plugin:install [--stability|-s="..."] [--release|-r="..."] [--channel|-
c="..."] [--install_deps|-d] name

Aliases: plugin-install

Arguments:
name The plugin name

Options:
--stability (-s) The preferred stability (stable, beta, alpha)
--release (-r) The preferred version
--channel (-c) The PEAR channel name
--install_deps (-d) Whether to force installation of required dependencies

Description:
…


Task Help
Description:
The plugin:install task installs a plugin:

./symfony plugin:install sfGuargPlugin

By default, it installs the latest stable release.

If you want to install a plugin that is not stable yet,
use the stability option:

./symfony plugin:install --stability=beta sfGuargPlugin
./symfony plugin:install -s beta sfGuargPlugin

You can also force the installation of a specific version:

./symfony plugin:install --release=1.0.0 sfGuargPlugin
./symfony plugin:install -r 1.0.0 sfGuargPlugin

To force installation of all required dependencies, use the install_deps flag:

./symfony plugin:install --install-deps sfGuargPlugin
./symfony plugin:install -d sfGuargPlugin

By default, the PEAR channel used is symfony-plugins
(plugins.symfony-project.org).

You can specify another channel with the channel option:

./symfony plugin:install --channel=mypearchannel sfGuargPlugin
./symfony plugin:install -c mypearchannel sfGuargPlugin
…


Task Calls in your Code
# Somewhere in your code
$task = new sfCacheClearTask($dispatcher);
$task->run();


symfony 1.0 Dependencies
sfView

sfResponse
sfContext

sfI18N sfRequest
sfLogger

sfStorage sfUser

sfRouting Cleanup
dependency
Dependencies
singleton


symfony 1.1 Dependencies
sfRequest sfView
sfResponse
sfI18N

sfEventDispatcher

sfUser sfRouting

sfStorage sfLogger sfContext

Cleanup
dependency
Dependencies
singleton


sfEventDispatcher
• Based on Cocoa Notification Center
// sfUser
$event = new sfEvent($this, 'user.change_culture', array('culture' => $culture));
$dispatcher->notify($event);

// sfI18N
$callback = array($this, 'listenToChangeCultureEvent');
$dispatcher->connect('user.change_culture', $callback);

• sfI18N and sfUser are decoupled
• « Anybody » can listen to any event
• You can notify existing events or create new ones


Form & Validation Framework
• Not a refactoring
• A different approach
• Almost no shared code
• Symfony 1.1 can still use the old system
– set compat_10: on in settings.yml (off by default)
– you can use the new and the old system in the same
application
– symfony 1.0 sfValidator class has been renamed to
sfValidatorBase to avoid class name conflicts


The New Approach
• Form as a first class object
• Widget classes for form helpers
• Validators validate arrays (it doesn’t care if it
comes from a request, an XML file or a model
object)
• A decoupled system
– Can be used without any other symfony class
– 3 differents sub-systems
• Validators: can be used by themselves
• Widgets: can be used by themselves
• Form: glue between validators and widgets

Validators
• Every validator extends sfValidator
• A validator cleans and validates input values
• sfValidator provides some common features
– required (validation) > true by default
– trim (cleaning) > false by default
• Each validator can have options:
– sfValidatorString: max_length, min_length


Validators
// create a new string validator
$v = new sfValidatorString(array('min_length' => 4));

// clean and validate data
$value = $v->clean('Fabien');

// returns the input value
$value == 'Fabien'

// change some option
$v->setOption('trim', true);

$value = $v->clean(' Fabien ');

// trims the input value
$value == 'Fabien' Validator objects
are stateless


Custom Validator
class CustomValidator extends sfValidator
{
protected function configure($options = array(), $messages = array())
{
$this->setOption('min_length', null);
$this->setMessage('min_length', 'Too short.');
}

protected function doClean($value)
{
if (strlen($value) < $this->getOption('min_length'))
{
throw sfValidatorError($this, 'min_length', array('value' => $value));
}

return $value;
}
}


Validators

// throws a sfValidatorError
$v->clean('Jon');

$e->getCode() == 'min_length'
$e->getMessage() == '"Jon" is too short (4 characters min).'

$v->setMessage('min_length', 'Too short (%name%).');
$e->getMessage() == 'Too short (Jon).'

Use error codes
or error messages


Errors Internationalization

try
{
$value = $v->clean('Jon');
}
catch (sfValidatorError $e)
{
echo $i18n->__($e->getMessageFormat(), $e->getArguments())."n";
// or
echo $i18n->__($e->getCode(), $e->getArguments())."n";
}

Error messages
are i18n ready


sfValidator(All|Any)
• You can aggregate validators to create a new validator:
– sfValidatorAll: All validators must pass
– sfValidatorAny: At least one validator must pass

$v1 = new sfValidatorString(array('min_length' => 4));
$v2 = new sfValidatorString(array('max_length' => 10));

$v = new sfValidatorAll(array($v1, $v2));

// values must validate both validators
$v->clean('Fabien');


sfValidator(All|Any)
• As they are validators themselves, you can create
complex logic to validate your values:
// v1 && (v2 || v3)
$v = new sfValidatorAll(
array($v1, sfValidatorAny($v2, $v3))
);


sfValidatorSchema
• A validator schema is composed of fields
• A field is a named validator

$v1 = new sfValidatorString(array('min_length' => 4));

$v = new sfValidatorSchema(array(
'first_name' => $v1,
'last_name' => $v1,
));


sfValidatorSchema
• The clean() method takes an array of named
values and returns an array:
$v->clean(array(
'first_name' => 'Fabien',
'last_name' => 'Potencier',
));


sfValidatorSchema
• It collects all errors for all fields
• It throws an exception with all errors

sfValidatorErrorSchema:
first_name: "Jon" is too short (4 characters min).
last_name: "Jon" is too short (4 characters min).
in ….php on line …


sfValidatorSchema
• A named validator does not have access to the
whole array of inputs, just its named value
• Two special validators:
– _pre_validator and _post_validator
– They takes the array of values as input
– They throw « global » errors

Isolation


sfValidatorSchema
$v2 = new sfValidatorSchemaCompare(
'password', '==', 'password_bis'
);

$v = new sfValidatorSchema(array(
'password' => $v1,
'password_bis' => $v1,

'_post_validator' => $v2,
));

sfValidatorErrorSchema:
"pass" does not match "word".
in ….php on line …


sfValidatorSchema
• sfValidatorSchema is a sfValidator, so you can nest them

$authorValidator = new sfValidatorSchema(array(
'first_name' => $v1,
'last_name' => $v1,
));

$bookValidator = new sfValidatorSchema(array(
'title' => $v1,
'sub_title' => $v1,
'author' => $authorValidator,
));


sfValidatorSchema
$bookValidator->clean(array(
'title' => 'The symfony book',
'sub_title' => 'The definitive guide',
'author' => array(
),
));


sfValidatorSchema
• Secure by default
– allow_extra_fields (false by default)
– filter_extra_fields (true by default)
• If you pass a value with no matching validator, sfValidatorSchema
will throw an error
• If you switch allow_extra_fields to true, then extra fields won’t
trigger an error but will be removed from the cleaned values
• If you also switch filter_extra_fields to false, then extra fields won’t
be removed from the cleaned values


sfValidatorSchemaForEach
$choiceValidator = new sfValidatorSchema(array(
'choice' => $v1,
));

$choicesValidator = new sfValidatorSchemaForEach($choiceValidator, 3);

$pollValidator = new sfValidatorSchema(array(
'question' => $v1,
'choices' => $choicesValidator,
));


sfValidatorSchemaForEach
$pollValidator->clean(array(
'question' => 'Do you like symfony?',
'choices' => array(
array('choice' => 'Yes'),
array('choice' => 'This is the best'),
array('choice' => 'A lot'),
),
));


Validators as Strings
$postValidator = new sfValidatorOr(array(
new sfValidatorSchemaFilter('age', new sfValidatorInteger(array('min' => 18))),
new sfValidatorAll(array(
new sfValidatorSchemaFilter('age', new sfValidatorInteger(array('max' => 18))),
new sfValidatorSchemaFilter('is_young', new sfValidatorBoolean(array('required' => true))),
)),
));

$string = $postValidator->asString();
'
age:Integer({min: 18})
or
age:Integer({max: 18}) and is_young:Boolean({required: true})
'

$postValidator = new sfValidatorFromDescription($string);

$postValidator->asPhp();


Available Validators
• Boolean • All
• Choice • Any
• ChoiceMany • Callback
• Date • Decorator
• DateTime • Pass
• Email • FromDescription
• Integer
• Number
• Schema
• Regex
• SchemaForEach
• String
• SchemaCompare
• Time
• SchemaFilter
• Url


Widgets
• Every widget extends sfWidget
• A widget is an object that can be rendered as an HTML
string
• sfWidget provides some common features
– renderTag()
– renderContentTag()
– Charset support
– XHTML or HTML closing tags
• Each widget can have HTML attributes:
– Takes care of escaping
– Fixes double escaping problems


sfWidgetForm
• Base class for all form widgets
• Some more properties like isHidden()
• Generates an id if none provided and the widget
has a name
– Default id is the widget name
– Can be customized

$w = new sfWidgetFormInput();
$w->setIdFormat('id_%s');


sfWidgetForm classes
// create a new input widget
$w = new sfWidgetFormInput();

// render widget
echo $w->render('first_name', 'Fabien');

// returns the widget as HTML
<input type="text" name="first_name" value="Fabien" id="first_name" />

// change some attributes
$w->setAttribute('class', 'foo');

<input … class="foo" /> Widget objects
are stateless


sfWidgetForm classes
// add default HTML attributes
$w = new sfWidgetFormInput(array('class' => 'foo'));

// render widget with some HTML attributes
echo $w->render('first_name', 'Fabien', array('class' => 'foo'));


sfWidgetFormSchema
• A widget schema is composed of fields
• A field is a named widget

$w1 = new sfWidgetFormInput();

$w = new sfWidgetFormSchema(array(
'first_name' => $w1,
'last_name' => $w1,
));


sfWidgetFormSchema
• The render() method takes an array of named
values and returns an HTML string:
$w->render(null, array(
));

• You can also render individual fields


sfWidgetFormSchema
• sfWidgetFormSchema is a sfWidget, so you can nest
them

$authorWidget = new sfWidgetFormSchema(array(
'first_name' => $w1,
'last_name' => $w1,
));

$bookWidget = new sfWidgetFormSchema(array(
'title' => $w1,
'sub_title' => $w1,
'author' => $authorValidator,
));


sfWidgetFormSchema
$bookWidget->render(null, array(
'title' => 'The symfony book',
'sub_title' => 'The definitive guide',
'author' => array(
),
));


sfWidgetFormSchema
• The render() method can also render
– Errors
– Nested form schema
• The render() method uses a formatter class
– sfWidgetFormSchemaFormatterList
– sfWidgetFormSchemaFormatterTable
– Or build your own


Forms
• A sfForm is the glue between
– A validator schema
– A widget schema

$validator = new sfValidatorSchema();
$widget = new sfWidgetFormSchema();

$form = new sfForm();
$form->setValidatorSchema($validator);
$form->setWidgetSchema($widget);


sfForm
• You can also create your own form class

class BookForm extends sfForm
{
public function configure()
{
$validator = new BookValidatorSchema();
$widget = new BookWidgetFormSchema();

$this->setValidatorSchema($validator);
$this->setWidgetSchema($widget);
}
}


A Form in a Form
$authorForm = new AuthorForm();

$bookForm->embedForm($authorForm);

$choiceForm = new ChoiceForm();

$pollForm->embedFormForEach($choiceForm, 4);


sfForm
$form = new AuthorForm();

$input = array('first_name' => 'Fabien', 'last_name' => 'Potencier');
$form->bind($input);
if ($form->isValid())
{
// do something with the cleaned values
$form->getValues();
}
else
{
// do something with the errors
$form->getErrorSchema();
}


sfForm
• sfForm can take default values
$form = new AuthorForm(array('first_name' => 'Fabien'));

• sfFormField objects are widgets bound to the
input or default values
echo $form->getFormField('first_name')->render();


sfForm
$form = new AuthorForm();

echo $form->getFormField('first_name')->render();
// ===
echo $form['first_name']->render();
// ===
echo $form['first_name'];

// name and value are bound to the sfFormField object
<input type="text" name="first_name" value="Fabien" id="first_name" />

// add some HTML attributes
echo $form['first_name']->render(array('class' => 'foo'));


For the laziest

echo $form


Customize your Forms
$bookForm['author']

<table> $bookForm['author']['first_name']->renderRow()

<tr>
<th> $bookForm['author']['first_name']->renderLabel()

<label for="book_author_first_name">First Name</label>

$bookForm['author']['first_name']->renderLabelName()
</th>
<td>
<ul class="error_list">
<li>Required.</li> $bookForm['author']['first_name']->renderError()
</ul>
<input type="text" name="book[author][first_name]" id="book_author_first_name" />

$bookForm['author']['first_name']
</td>
</tr>
...
</table>


Forms: In a symfony Action
class bookActions extends sfActions
{
public function executeEdit($request)
{
$this->form = new AuthorForm();

if ($request->isMethod('post'))
{
$this->form->bind($request->getParameter('book'));
if ($this->form->isValid())
{
$values = $this->form->getValues();

$this->redirect('@homepage');
}
}
}
}


sfFormPropel
• Generated forms for Propel objects
• Fully customizable
• Introspects the Propel schema
– Maps Propel/Creole types to symfony validators and
widgets
– Foreign keys
– Many to many relationships
– Internationalized tables


sfFormPropel
class bookActions extends sfActions
{
public function executeEdit($request)
{
$this->book = BookPeer::retrieveByPk($request->getParameter('id'));
$this->form = new AuthorForm($this->book);

if ($request->isMethod('post'))
{
$this->form->bind($request->getParameter('book');
if ($this->form->isValid())
{
$book = $this->form->save();

$this->redirect('@book?id='.$book->getId());
}
}
}
}


Customize Propel Forms
class BookForm extends BaseBookForm
{
public function configure()
{
$this->embedI18n(array('en', 'fr'));

$this->widgetSchema['en']->setLabel('en', 'English');

unset($this['created_at']);

$this->validatorSchema['foo'] = new sfValidatorPass();
$this->widgetSchema['foo'] = new sfWidgetIdentity();

$this->setDefault('published_on', time());
}
}


A Professional Web Framework
• Built from experience
• 1.0 stable, maintained with commercial support
• Growing community
– Developers in more than 80 countries
– 200 000 visitors per month on symfony-project.com
– 200 plugins in just 8 months
• Open-Source Documentation
– The book (450 pages - GFDL)
– Askeet Tutorial (250 pages)


Yahoo! uses symfony
• Yahoo! Bookmarks
– 20 millions users
– Web 2.0 / AJAX

• del.icio.us
– New beta on symfony
– preview.delicious.com


Next symfony Workshops

En français : Paris, France - Dec 05, 2007

In English : Paris, France - Feb 13, 2008

More info on www.sensiolabs.com


Join Us
• Sensio Labs is recruiting in France
– project managers
– web developers
• You have a passion for the web?
– Web Developer : You have a minimum of 3 years experience in
web development with Open-Source projects and you wish to
participate to development of Web 2.0 sites using the best
frameworks available.
– Project Manager : You have more than 5 years experience as a
developer and/or a project manager and you want to manage
complex Web projects for prestigious clients.


SENSIO S.A.
26, rue Salomon de Rothschild
92 286 SURESNES cedex
FRANCE
Tél. : +33 1 40 99 80 80
Fax : +33 1 40 99 83 34

Contact
Fabien Potencier
fabien.potencier@sensio.com

http://www.sensiolabs.com/ http://www.symfony-project.com/

symfony: Simplify your professional web development with PHP (IPC Frankfurt 2007)

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symfony: Simplify your professional web development with PHP (IPC Frankfurt 2007)