Swift 所有権 要諦 #ゆるちとせ
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2023/10/15 に "千歳ゆるい勉強会vol.3" で発表した資料を、当日に話す中で違和感を覚えたあたりを中心に見直した資料です。Swift 5.9 の新機能「所有権」で自分が混乱した体験をもとに、どこを押さえれば修得できるものなのか、そんな着目点で要所を整理してみています。
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Swift 所有権 要諦 #ゆるちとせ
- 4. ংນ
- 6. ▶︎ ϓϩύςΟʔʹॴ༗͕ݖಋೖ͞Εͨ w म০ࢠͷՃ consuming borrowing inout ▶︎ ͷѻ͍ํΛࢦఆՄೳʹͳͬͨ w ԋࢉࢠͷՃ copy consume ▶︎ ෳͰ͖ͳ͍͕ܕಋೖ͞Εͨ w ઐ༻ϓϩτίϧͷՃ ~Copyable ▶︎ ্ʹه͏͞·͟·ͳޠݴϧʔϧͷՃ ॴ༗ݖͷ৽ػೳ
- 7. ▶︎ Ҿͷॴ༗ݖΛࢦఆՄೳʹ func something(value: Int) func something(value: borrowing Int) func something(value: consuming Int) ॴ༗ݖͷ۩ମྫ ▶︎ ͷ໌ࣔෳফඅ͕Մೳʹ let value = copy otherValue let value = consume otherValue ▶︎ ෳͰ͖ͳ͍ߏମ͕ఆٛՄೳʹ struct Value : ~Copyable { }
- 8. ▶︎ ॴ༗ݖʁʢݴ༿͕ͷͷ͍͠ʣ w 3VTU͋ʹޠݴΔ֓೦ͷ༌ೖΒ͍͠ʁ w $ ޠݴͷNPWFӈลࢀরͱଊ͑Εྑͦ͞͏ʁ ▶︎ CPSSPXJOHआ༻ͰɺDPOTVNJOHফඅʁ ▶︎ ෳͰ͖ͳ͍͕͑ܕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨʁ ॴ༗ݖͷमಘΛࢼΈΔ
- 10. ŠͱࢥͬͨͷͰ͕͢
- 16. Ҏ্
- 17. ·ͱΊ 4XJGUॴ༗ݖ
- 19. ˙ ෳෆՄͳܕͷͱ͖ʜ var value: Value ˙ ී௨ʹఆٛͨ͠ͱ͖ʜ var value: Int ·ͱΊ มͷॴ༗ݖ ෳෆՄͳͱܕʜ ~Copyableʹ४ܕͨ͠ڌ struct Value : ~Copyable { ⋯ } ैདྷ௨Γͷෳ ର ফඅͷରෳͰ͖ͳ͍ ˞ ैདྷ௨Γͷͷɺैདྷ௨Γʹಈ͘ʢॏཁʣ
- 20. ·ͱΊ Ҿͷॴ༗ݖ ▶︎ Ҿͷॴ༗ݖɺؔͰͷѻ͍Λٴݴ ▶︎ ݺग़ʹݩؔ༩͠ͳ͍ func exec(value: Int) { } func exec(value: consuming Int) { } func exec(value: borrowing Int) { } ͜ͷͰvalue ैདྷ௨Γѻ͑Δ ͜ͷͰvalue आ༻தʹग़དྷΔൣғͰѻ͑Δ ͜ͷͰvalue ফඅͷରͱͯ͠ѻ͑Δ ˞ ؔϒϩοΫ͚ͩΛߟ͑Εྑ͍ ˞ ݺग़Ͱݩͷѻ͍ɺݺग़ʹͳ͠ྑ͕ݩͬͯ͘ΕΔ
- 21. ˙value͕ैདྷ௨Γͷѻ͍ͳΒ ⋯ exec(value) ·ͱΊ ෳରΛ͢ ݺग़ઌͷٻΊʹґΒͣɺ ैདྷ௨ΓʹΛ͢ ˞ ैདྷ௨Γͷͷɺैདྷ௨Γʹಈ͘ʢॏཁʣ func exec(_: Int) func exec(_: consuming Int) func exec(_: borrowing Int)
- 22. ˙valueΛआ༻͍ͯ͠ΔͳΒ ⋯ exec(value) ·ͱΊ आ༻͍ͯ͠ΔରΛ͢ आΓͷΛຢିͯ͠͠ ࣗ༝ʹѻͬͯΒ͏ʢӾཡɾෳɾ࠶ି༩ʣ ͨͩ͠ɺ ফඅ͠Α͏ͱ͢Δ૬खʹ ͞ͳ͍ʢआΓͷΛյ͞ΕͯࠔΔʣ func exec(_: Int) func exec(_: borrowing Int) func exec(_: consuming Int)
- 23. ˙ܕͷফඅର ͳͳΒ ⋯ exec(value) ·ͱΊ ফඅରΛ͢ func exec(_: borrowing Int) func exec(_: consuming Int) ैདྷ௨Γʹड͚औΔ૬खʹ ৡͯ͠ɺ Ҏ߱ؔ༩͠ͳ͍ func exec(_: Int) ˙ࢀরܕͷফඅର ͳͳΒ ⋯ exec(object) ैདྷ௨Γʹड͚औΔ૬खͳΒ ফඅ͠ͳ͍ʢࢀর͠ͱಉʁʣ आ༻͍ͨ͠૬खʹ ି༩͢Δʢফඅ͠ͳ͍ʣ ফඅ͠Α͏ͱ͍ͯ͠Δ૬खʹ ৡͯ͠ɺ Ҏ߱ؔ༩͠ͳ͍
- 24. ಛผϧʔϧ ॴ༗ͱ·ݖΊ
- 25. let other = value ಛผϧʔϧ ӈลফඅ WBMVF͕ैདྷ௨ΓͷͳΒ PUIFSʹΛෳͯ͠ೖʢैདྷ௨Γʣ ˞ ؔͷফඅ͠Α͏ͱ͢ΔҾʹ͢ͱ͖ͱɺ ΄΅ಉ͡ڍಈʢͨͩ͠ɺ ೖʹݩएؔׯ༩ʣ WBMVF͕ফඅͷରͳΒ PUIFSʹݖརΛৡ͠ɺ Ҏ߱WBMVF͑ͳ͘ͳΔ WBMVFΛआ༻͍ͯ͠Δ͚ͩͳΒ PUIFSैདྷ௨Γʹѻ͓͏ͱ͢ΔͷͰɺ ෳ͠ͳ͍ݶΓͤͳ͍
- 28. ˙ෳԋࢉࢠ let other = copy value ॴ༗ݖԋࢉࢠ ෳԋࢉࢠͱফඅԋࢉࢠ ˙ফඅԋࢉࢠ let other = consume value WBMVFΛফඅѻ͍ʹ͢Δ Γʹͨ͠ͷͱಉ༷ʹWBMVF͕ѻΘΕΔʢෳ͞ΕΔՄೳੑʣ WBMVFΛෳѻ͍ʹ͢Δ ैདྷ௨ΓʹWBMVF͕ෳ͞ΕΔ
- 29. Ṗϧʔϧ ॴ༗ͱ·ݖΊ
- 30. func calculate(_ value: any BinaryInteger) { ⋯ } calculate(value) Ṗϧʔϧ ଘࡏʹܕফඅͯ͠ೖΔ ଘࡏܕͷΩϟετ͕ඞཁʹͳΔͱ͖ ͦͷফඅ͞ΕΑ͏ͱ͢Δ ˞ ͜Εࠓ͚ͩͷ੍͔ݶ͠Εͳ͍ आ༻͍ͯ͠ΔফඅͰ͖ͳ͍ͨΊɺ ෳ͠ͳ͍ͱͤͳ͍ ݺग़ઌ͕ফඅ͠Α͏ͱͯ͠ͳͯ͘ɺ ଘࡏʹ͖ͱͨͬͳʹܕফඅ͞ΕΔ
- 31. func calculate(_ value: some BinaryInteger) { ⋯ } func something(_ value: consuming Int) { calculate(value) } Ṗϧʔϧ ෆಁ໌ͯ͠ͱܕফඅରΛ͢ͱ͖ WBMVF͕ফඅରͷͱ͖ɺ ෆಁ໌ܕΛैདྷ௨Γʹड͚औΔ૬खʹͯ͠ɺ ফඅ͞Εͳ͍ ʢṖʣ ˞ ҙਤͨ͠ಈ࡞ͳͷ͔ෆ໌ ˞ ͦͷ΄͔ͷ͠ํɺ௨ৗͷܕͷͱ͖ͱಉ༷