Summer

Inclusion of Children with Special Needs
ECEP237

To Lisa McCaie
Yingying Pan
Section 063
30068068

A CHILD WHOSE NAME IS SUMMER……

She was three year old, she has had
a stroke leaving her paralyzed on the
left side of her body. Currently she is
living at home with her family.
Her father spends a lot of time working
overtime to bring extra income for
Summer’s expenses and needs.
Her Mother is feeling very overwhelmed
with the role of the primary care giver.
Recently, her Mother has hurt her back
trying to carry Summer who is increasing
getting heavier and harder to carry.
Reference: http://www.rajeshsetty.com/wp-content/uploads/prayer-small.jpg

PEDIATRIC STROKE
AWARENESS MONTAGE

Video from YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B31CKWa5j80

PART 1: NEEDS OF THE CHILD AND HER FAMILY

• Summer needs to treat immediately
Stroke can be treat, recover or get better. It is better to treat immediately
when she stroke.
As Summer is three year old, her body still grow and has plasticity. Go to
the child sick hospitals and stroke associations to find the best treatment
for Summer, it will be the most effective way to help her recover or get
better.

Reference: http://getthespecialists.co.uk/ESW/Images/kids_small.jpg?xcache=3073


• Parents need to have the knowledge of Summer’s special
needs
As a patient who had a stroke, she will have a risk of having another stroke.
Therefore, it is so important to recognize the signs of stroke for Summer’s
parents and call 9-1-1 or local emergency number immediately.
It is important for Summer to learn
independence in daily living because
her parents can’t take care her forever,
therefor parents should find a
physiotherapist or occupational, seek
their professional suggestion about how
to take care of Summer and build her
independence in daily living.

Reference: http://borpyouthsports.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/836279753_myybt -x2.jpg


• Summer needs assistive device
She paralyzed on the left side of body, and her mother was hardly to carry
her because she increasing getting heavier. Considering Summer
independence, she need an assistive device.

There have lots of assistive devices for the
child with paralysis such as wheelchair,
walking aids or robotics. Her parents can
ask for doctor’s suggestion, and choose one
of them which they can afford. There also
have assistive devices program in Ontario,
parents can get the information by asking
the clients or social assistance.
Reference: http://wwwc.mentalfloss.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/LTWT_WHEELCHAIR_LRG.jpg


• Parents need to provide the safety environment
Summer paralyzed on the left side of her body which means she can move
on the left body. Her parents need to consider the environment around
Summer, such as braces, canes, walkers and wheelchairs can help her lead
to increased strength and movement.

Parents also need to consider the safety
issues at home. Make home modifications,
For example, move the furniture which
provide a bigger space for Summer to
movement, or add the grab bars at the
bathroom which can help Summer to use
the toilet.
Reference: http://www.christopherreeve.org/site/c.mtKZKgMWKwG/b.4453475/k.A820/Home_Modification.htm


• Parents need seek funding and support
The treatment would have a high cost which their family can’t afford. Her
father spends a lot of time working overtime to bring extra income for her
expenses and needs.
It is important for her parents to find out what types financial support are
available in their province and then apply it. There have lot of support such
as tax credits, disability benefits or medical expense deductions in each
provincial government.
“You may also get special drug benefits coverage
or travel grants for medical treatments in your area.
Visit Canada Revenue Agency to learn more about
tax credits and deductions. Visit Canadian Life and
Health Insurance Association to learn more about
general insurance options and policies.”
(From Heart & Stroke Foundation website)
References: http://www.wisieforkids.com/wisieblog/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/child-discipline.jp
ghttp://www.heartandstroke.on.ca/site/c.pvI3IeNWJwE/b.5506029/k.E7E/Stroke__ Questions_you_may_have_after_your_stroke.htm#financialaid


• Parents need to have a break
 Summer’s father need to do extra work to earn money for her expenses
and needs, her mother is feeling very overwhelmed with the role of the
primary care giver. They feel depressed or frightened.
 Parents have those feeling are not means
you don’t like your child, all of those feeling
are all normal reactions.
 Have a break, go some where with Summer,
and adjust your mood, which will help you
feel better.

Reference: http://blog.ketchum.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/take-a-break-from-work.jpg


• Both child and her parents need to concern their own
health
Summer was paralyzed on left side of body,
her father was working overtime, and her
mother has hurt her back when she cared
Summer.
Summer’s parents afford the responsibility
to take care of Summer, they need have a
healthy body and enough energy to achieve
the hard goal. Therefor her father need to
have a rest, and her mother need to see the
doctor as soon as possible.
Reference: http://www.plusesmas.com/img_administracion/47_curso_on -line_de_genealogia_e_historia_familiar.jpg

PART 2: STROKE

What is stroke?
“A stroke is a sudden blockage or damage
in the blood vessels in part of the brain.
This stops blood from flowing to that part
of the brain, and as a result, less oxygen and
other nutrients can get to that part of the
brain. This can cause some permanent
damage and stop it from working properly.”

“A stroke can happen to anyone at any age. Strokes happen in babies,
children, and teenagers as well as in adults and seniors.”
“There are many reasons why a child might have a stroke that may be
different from why adults have stroke.”

Reference: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/en/healthaz/conditionsanddiseases/brainandnervoussystemdisorders/pages/childhood -stroke-arterial-
ischemic-stroke-ais.aspx
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/images/stroke_hemorrhagic.jpg

PART 2: STROKE

Effects of Stroke

Form YouTube video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2GHf6TS490 Reference: http://www.nasam.org/images/effects_of_stroke.jpg

PART 2: STROKE

Stroke in children
Stroke can occur in these three different age groups:
• The prenatal phase, or in the womb.
• The first 28 days of life, or newborn phase.
• The infant years up to 18 years of age.

Stroke is relatively more common in the first two age groups, occurring in
up to one in every 4,000 live births. In the third age group, stroke is more
rare, only affecting about five out of every 100,000 children each year in
Canada.
Reference: http://www.heartandstroke.com/site/c.ikIQLcMWJtE/b.5458215/k.1E7B/Stroke __Stroke_in_children_Paediatric_stroke.htm
http://www.informationconnections.org/Images/red%20dress.jpg

PART 2: STROKE

Children may experience two types of stroke:
hemorrhagic stroke (rupturing of blood vessels)
Ischemic stroke (blockage caused by a blood clot)

hemorrhagic stroke
The causes in children include:
• An artery malformation or disorder.
• A brain tumour.
• Drug or alcohol abuse by the mother (rare).

Reference: http://www.heartandstroke.com/site/c.ikIQLcMWJtE/b.5458215/k.1E7B/Stroke__ Stroke_in_children_Paediatric_stroke.htm
http://static6.depositphotos.com/1068169/578/v/950/depositphotos_5780804 -Brain-stroke.jpg

PART 2: STROKE

ischemic stroke
A common cause of ischemic strokes is that a blood clot forms in the heart and travels
to the brain. This can be caused by congenital heart problems such as abnormal valves
or infections. In these cases children may need surgery or antibiotics.
The leading risk factors for ischemic stroke in children include:
 Heart disease.
 Blood-clotting disorders.
 Irregular arteries
 Viruses
Other risk factors :
heart or brain surgery. trauma to the brain or neck.
moyamoya disease. leukemia.
sickle cell disease. migraine headaches with aura.
metabolic illness.
autoimmune disease that attacks arteries in the brain.
Reference: http://www.heartandstroke.com/site/c.ikIQLcMWJtE/b.5458215/k.1E7B/Stroke__Stroke_in_children_Paediatric_stroke.htm

PART 2: STROKE

The signs of stroke:
Stroke is a medical emergency.
Recognizing and responding
immediately to the signs of stroke
by calling 9-1-1 or your local
emergency number can significantly
improve survival and recovery.

Use FAST to remember the warning
signs:

Reference: http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=SYMP

PART 2: STROKE

There is a video about recognize stroke F.A.S.T.

From YouTube website:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXONEHmupy0

PART 2: STROKE

• Treatments of stroke in children
In children who have had a hemorrhagic stroke, treatment focuses on
stabilizing the child (controlling blood pressure and body temperature, and
helping them breathe), and treating the hemorrhage itself. Children who have
had an ischemic stroke may need to go on blood thinners.

Treatment for hemorrhagic stroke Kids who have had a hemorrhagic stroke will
be looked after by the vascular neurosurgery team. Surgical options may
include microsurgery to clip the aneurysm or remove the abnormal vessels.

Treatments for ischemic stroke The goal of treatment in ischemic stroke is to
reduce damage to the brain and prevent another stroke. If your child has been
diagnosed with an ischemic stroke, doctors will most likely prescribe a blood
thinner.
Reference：http://www.heartandstroke.com/site/c.ikIQLcMWJtE/b.5458215/k.1E7B/Stroke__Stroke_in_children_Paediatric_stroke.htm

PART 2: STROKE

• Assistive device for stroke patient
Patients who suffer a stroke, particularly when associated with hemiplegia,
often require the use of an assistive device such as a wheelchair, walking
aids or robotics. The major functions of walking aids post-stroke are to
increase stability, to improve muscle action. Aids such as canes serve to
increase the base of support and improve ambulation for those with
impaired balance. Canes and walkers appear to be effective in
compensating for their decreased postural sway and for enhancing their
participation in activities of daily living (Fernie et al., 1982), especially if
they have hemiplegia (Maeda et al., 2001).

Reference： http://strokengine.ca/intervention/index.php?page=topic&id=27
http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/society/health/walking-aids_2.jpg
http://images.gizmag.com/hero/robotic-devices-restore-neural-pathways-in-stroke-victims-8.jpg

PART 3: MEET THE NEEDS IN THE CHILD CARE SETTING

What does the Early Childhood Educator can do for the child with stroke
and paralyzed on the left side of body??
“Observers, participates in creating and implementing IPP’S, make
adaptations in the environment, supports families, links with other
professionals… and much more!!!!! ”(ECEP-233, week 9 notes)

As a ECE, we need consider lots of fact:
• Physical environment
• Teaching strategies
• Focus on the child as part of the larger
group of children
• Include the needs of the family as a whole
Reference: ECEP-233 inclusion of children with special needs week 9 class notes
http://ruthcatchen.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/thinking-cap.gif


Physical environment:
Considering Summer paralyzed on the left side of
body, I need to create a free and welcome physical
environment, this will provide a safety environment
for her and it can also help her to build independence.
• Each area in the room must need to include materials, toys and books
about child with disability.
For example, I can add different people with special needs toys and
materials, and I can also add books about child with disability in child care
center. So she will feel inclusion in the room and other children will be
familiar with child with special needs.
• Considering the physical safety for the child both indoor and outdoor.
For example, I can add handrail on the playground or bathroom; make the
ground without obstacles for child to free move; add rubber on the sharp
corners.
Reference: http://www.pottytrainingconcepts.com/CM-4925.html


• Arrangement the room physical environment, make the care center
easy to access.
For example, move the furniture to have enough physical space for the
wheelchair to free move.
• Create an environment which warm welcome both the child and her
family.
For example I can put some pictures on the wall
about child sit in the wheelchair at the room;
get to know the child individual from her parents;
to be “sensitivity communicates value”; “know the
child’s favorite toys or activity.” (ECEP-233, Week 1
notes); share the daily experiences about the child with her parents.
Reference: ECEP-233 Inclusion of Children with Special Needs week 1 notes
http://media1.onsugar.com/files/2013/02/08/1/2415/24155406/a31cf4c27b0bc6af_shutterstock_98920793.preview.jpg


Teaching strategies
• Arrange the appropriate daily schedule to meet
the child as part of the larger group of children.
For example, considering the transition time for
outdoor play, give the child enough time to change
outdoor clothes.
• Encourage the child with physical disabilities to do as much as possible
on his own. The tasks could take a little more time, but it can help her
to build self confidence and independence.
For example, when washing hands, I can encourage her to use the right
hands to help her left hands to wash.
• Encourage prosocial behaviors in all children. Use appropriate books or
pictures to teach children helping behaviors.
For example, when the circle time, I can read the scripted story for all the
group children. Encourage other children to help the child with special
needs.
Reference: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_UVqusWXd9Wk/S9ruvNe0eVI/AAAAAAAAKTM/ymdyqWSEGQI/s1600/daily+schedule.bmp


• Teach the children how to management their mood.
For example, Summer with physical disability, every little thing such
as eating lunch or change clothe will be a hard thing for her. She will
be frustrated when she can’t do it, when dealing this situation, I can
read the “Tucker Turtle Takes Time to Tuck and Think”(ECEP-
233, handout) to let her calm down, and take deep breath when she
feel upset or frustrated.
• Considering her each developmental domain, use adapting toys
to meet her needs.
For example, when go to the outdoor playground,
I can provide the small ball which can easy to
grasp; provide the block for her to build her motor
development; Plan the activity on the dramatic
center, provide the clothe which easy to dress up.
This will help her to build the dressing skill.
Reference: http://www.eddfund.org/assets/images/photos/nysoccer_1.JPG

PART 4: RESOURCES OR AGENCIES IN THE LOCAL AREA WHERE
FAMILY CAN BE REFERRED

The Heart and Stoke Foundation of Ontario (HSFO)
VISIONARY MISSION
Healthy lives free of heart disease and stroke. Together we will make it
happen.
PURPOSE
The Heart and Stoke Foundation of Ontario (HSFO) is
committed to excellence in serving our supporters
(volunteers, donors, and staff). We are committed to
giving people with disabilities the same opportunity to
access our goods and services, both electronically and
in person, in a manner that respects the dignity and independence of
persons with disabilities.
Reference: http://www.heartandstroke.on.ca/site/c.pvI3IeNWJwE/b.3581583/k.BE4C/Home.htm


WHAT WE DO
The Heart and Stroke Foundation, a volunteer-based health charity, leads in
eliminating heart disease and stroke and reducing their impact through:
• the advancement of research and its application
• the promotion of healthy living
• advocacy.
Toronto Office: Supporting the City of Toronto
2300 Yonge Street, Suite 1300
Toronto, Ontario M4P 1E4
Telephone (416) 489-7111
Fax (416) 489-6885
Website:
http://www.heartandstroke.on.ca/site/c.pvI3IeNWJwE/b.3581583/k.BE4C/Ho
me.htm


Resources in the local area:

Assistive Devices Program (Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care)
The objective of the Assistive Devices Program (ADP) is to provide consumer
centered support and funding to Ontario residents who have long-term
physical disabilities and to provide access to personalized assistive devices
appropriate for the individual’s basic needs.
Devices covered by the program are intended to enable people with physical
disabilities to increase their independence through access to assistive devices
responsive to their individual needs.
ADP pays up to 75 per cent of the cost of equipment, such as artificial limbs,
orthopaedic braces, wheelchairs and breathing aids.
Reference: http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/public/programs/adp/


There are many sources of funding for the client's share of the cost
including:
• clients
• voluntary/charitable organizations e.g. March of Dimes, The Easter
Seals Society, Kiwanis, Lions Clubs
• social assistance, DVA
• Insurance companies relatives/friends
Address:
7th Floor, 5700 Yonge Street
Toronto, ON M2M 4K5
Toronto 416-327-8804
Website: http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/public/programs/adp/


Canadian Pediatric Stroke Support Association (CPSSA)
The Canadian Pediatric Stroke Support Association (CPSSA) was founded in
2011 for children and their families impacted by pediatric stroke. The
CPSSA is a joint effort between clinicians and families to build relationships
and strengthen communication for the purpose of
research, awareness, and support. It is the CPSSA's vision to provide a
compassionate community for Canadian families impacted by pediatric
stroke.

This is a new support association, it provide all the resources about child
with stroke.
Reference: http://www.cpssa.org/index.htm


The CPSSA's mission is to:
Provide support, education and resources for children with stroke, their families and
their communities;
Facilitate and support connections among pediatric stroke communities Canada-wide
and internationally;
Increase awareness about pediatric stroke throughout Canada;
Support collaboration between families, physicians and the medical community for
purposes such as education or advancement of science;
Inform families of fundraising opportunities that will help support research and
advocacy projects;
Inform policymakers about pediatric stroke so that they may support appropriate
legislation and research that will impact these special children; and carryout the vision,
mission and activities of the CPSSA in such a way that illustrates non-profit industry
best practices.
Facebook of the association: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Canadian-Pediatric-
Stroke-Support-Association/357931224242952
Website of the association: http://www.cpssa.org/index.htm

Summer

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