The document is a letter from Normal, Illinois discussing upcoming EPA regulations for 2023. It states that new EPA regulations will take effect January 1st, 2023 regarding emissions standards for trucks and buses. Manufacturers will be required to meet lower emission limits for nitrogen oxide and particulate matter.
Indoco Remedies Limited is a pharmaceutical company founded in 1947 that manufactures and markets generic drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients. It operates in over 35 countries and has a portfolio of 135 products across various therapeutic areas including anti-diabetics, cardiovascular, and central nervous system drugs. Some of its strengths include quality products, research and development capabilities, and fast growth. Its weaknesses include a lack of presence in some markets and reliance on lifestyle drug segments for revenues. The company recruits through campus placements and walk-in interviews, and expects new hires to have communication skills, leadership qualities, and domain knowledge.
The document discusses the key aspects of the film industry, including production, distribution, and marketing. It explains that production companies fund films and oversee casting, directing, and editing. Distribution companies work with cinemas to screen films and later release them on DVD/streaming. Marketing promotes films through ads, interviews, merchandise licensing, and determining target audiences. Overall, the document outlines the main sections involved in making, releasing, and promoting a film from start to finish.
Maltesers are a confectionery product created in 1936 by Mars Incorporated. They consist of light, airy balls made of malted milk surrounded by chocolate. Maltesers come in a wide variety of packages and are most popular in the UK, Australia, and Ireland. While tasty, Maltesers can be enjoyed as part of a balanced diet. This year, Maltesers will start carrying the Fairtrade mark in the UK and Ireland.
The document discusses the typical structure and elements of movie trailers. Trailers usually begin with ratings, introduce the title near the end, and include end credits and a release date. They are structured to start slow, speed up with a montage in the middle, and end with a memorable shot. Sound effects, dialogue, and voiceovers are used to set the tone and feel of the film without revealing too much of the plot. Overall, trailers aim to entice viewers to the film while maintaining enough intrigue that they still want to see it.
The document is a letter from Normal, Illinois discussing upcoming EPA regulations for 2023. It states that new EPA regulations will take effect January 1st, 2023 regarding emissions standards for trucks and buses. Manufacturers will be required to meet lower emission limits for nitrogen oxide and particulate matter.
Indoco Remedies Limited is a pharmaceutical company founded in 1947 that manufactures and markets generic drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients. It operates in over 35 countries and has a portfolio of 135 products across various therapeutic areas including anti-diabetics, cardiovascular, and central nervous system drugs. Some of its strengths include quality products, research and development capabilities, and fast growth. Its weaknesses include a lack of presence in some markets and reliance on lifestyle drug segments for revenues. The company recruits through campus placements and walk-in interviews, and expects new hires to have communication skills, leadership qualities, and domain knowledge.
The document discusses the key aspects of the film industry, including production, distribution, and marketing. It explains that production companies fund films and oversee casting, directing, and editing. Distribution companies work with cinemas to screen films and later release them on DVD/streaming. Marketing promotes films through ads, interviews, merchandise licensing, and determining target audiences. Overall, the document outlines the main sections involved in making, releasing, and promoting a film from start to finish.
Maltesers are a confectionery product created in 1936 by Mars Incorporated. They consist of light, airy balls made of malted milk surrounded by chocolate. Maltesers come in a wide variety of packages and are most popular in the UK, Australia, and Ireland. While tasty, Maltesers can be enjoyed as part of a balanced diet. This year, Maltesers will start carrying the Fairtrade mark in the UK and Ireland.
The document discusses the typical structure and elements of movie trailers. Trailers usually begin with ratings, introduce the title near the end, and include end credits and a release date. They are structured to start slow, speed up with a montage in the middle, and end with a memorable shot. Sound effects, dialogue, and voiceovers are used to set the tone and feel of the film without revealing too much of the plot. Overall, trailers aim to entice viewers to the film while maintaining enough intrigue that they still want to see it.
Technology and Tourism - 2012.11.28.MalvernXiao Ma
The document discusses how emerging technologies can impact tourism. It explores several technologies including mobile applications, QR codes, augmented reality, image recognition, location-based services, social media, Internet of Things, and wearable devices. Many examples are provided of how these technologies could enhance the tourism experience by providing more personalized information and interactions in physical spaces. The document suggests tourism providers should explore experience-led innovations using new and emerging technologies.
Spatial, temporal and genetic dynamics of H5N1 in chinaHarm Kiezebrink
The spatial spread of H5N1 avian influenza, significant ongoing mutations, and long-term persistence of the virus in some geographic regions has had an enormous impact on the poultry industry and presents a serious threat to human health.
This study revealed two different transmission modes of H5N1 viruses in China, and indicated a significant role of poultry in virus dissemination. Furthermore, selective pressure posed by vaccination was found in virus evolution in the country.
Phylogenetic analysis, geospatial techniques, and time series models were applied to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of H5N1 outbreaks in China and the effect of vaccination on virus evolution.
Results showed obvious spatial and temporal clusters of H5N1 outbreaks on different scales, which may have been associated with poultry and wild-bird transmission modes of H5N1 viruses. Lead–lag relationships were found among poultry and wild-bird outbreaks and human cases. Human cases were preceded by poultry outbreaks, and wild-bird outbreaks were led by human cases.
Each clade has gained its own unique spatiotemporal and genetic dominance. Genetic diversity of the H5N1 virus decreased significantly between 1996 and 2011; presumably under strong selective pressure of vaccination. Mean evolutionary rates of H5N1 virus increased after vaccination was adopted in China.
Warner Bros spent $100 million promoting Inception using the film's stars like Leonardo DiCaprio and director Christopher Nolan. They released teaser posters early without plot details that highlighted the stars and Nolan's previous success with The Dark Knight. Later posters provided more information by showing the characters and taglines about the film involving crime. Trailers were also released including early teaser trailers and later ones with more footage and dialogue. Additionally, an official website and mobile app were made to share information and promote the film through gameplay and features. Large posters were placed on buildings and TV spots aired to advertise Inception through multiple channels.
Different environmental drivers of H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and wild birdsHarm Kiezebrink
Different environmental drivers operate on HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in Europe. The probability of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in poultry increases in areas with a higher human population density and a shorter distance to lakes or wetlands.
This reflects areas where the location of farms or trade areas and habitats for wild birds overlap. In wild birds, HPAI H5N1 outbreaks mostly occurred in areas with increased NDVI and lower elevations, which are typically areas where food and shelter for wild birds are available. The association with migratory flyways has also been found in the intra-continental spread of the low pathogenic avian influenza virus in North American wild birds. These different environmental drivers suggest that different spread mechanisms operate.
Disease might spread to poultry via both poultry and wild birds, through direct (via other birds) or indirect (e.g. via contaminated environment) infection. Outbreaks in wild birds are mainly caused by transmission via wild birds alone, through sharing foraging areas or shelters. These findings are in contrast with a previous study, which did not find environmental differences between disease outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in Europe.
Anoxia presentation during the AI symposium in Taiwan, March 2015Harm Kiezebrink
During the Symposium on managing outbreaks of Avian Influenza in Taiwan, the main subject was managing the outbreaks without breaching animal welfare during the culling operations. Although it seams impossible, this can be done using the Anoxia method (see also www.N2GF.com for more information), under the condition that the entire process is been taking into account: killing of animals, carcass disposal, transport & logistic, Occupational Health & Safety, environmental issues, pest control, contact between animals and humans: all these factors contribute to the risks of spreading. If one factor fails, the virus can escape and infect the next flock, making it needed to kill more birds. For that reason, all factors are equally important to maintain animal welfare during outbreak situations.
In a number of recently published studies, Professor Stegeman (University of Utrecht, Holland) explains that serologic spreading of viruses is related to human contacts with contaminated infected animals, carcasses, manure and materials infected/suspected animals; movements of farm labourers, products, equipment etc. Most of these contacts (and movements) take place prior, during, and after the culling procedure, whereas the quantity and the intensity of the contacts - thus this human contact/materials are decisive factors for the serologic spreading of viruses to enter farms and most likely play an important role in spreading between farms. Suspicion/infection of farm animals inevitably leads to preventive culling of all farm animals within the direct proximity. For that reason, the serologic spread of viruses has become a major animal welfare indicator that has to be taken into consideration as such.
Each culling procedure features its own unique contact pattern between animals and humans and is based on applied culling, disposal and transport technique. These contact patterns related to the specific combination of applied methods, defines the major contribution factors for spreading of infections. Therefore should the potential risks of these procedures be evaluated and rated on the art and the intensity of the potential contact between animals and humans/materials, prior, during and after the procedure.
Therefore, the entire procedure of killing, disposal and transportation is therefore considered as Major Interest, in terms of animal welfare.
Berg et al. 2014 killing of spent laying hens using co2 in poultry barnsHarm Kiezebrink
September 2015: In Sweden, spent laying hens are killed either by traditional slaughter; on-farm with CO2 in a mobile container combined with a grinder; or with CO2 stable gassing inside the barn. The number of hens killed using the latter method has increased. During these killings a veterinarian is required to be present and report to the Swedish Board of Agriculture.
Data were registered during four commercial killings and extracted from all official veterinary reports at CO2 whole-house killings in 2008–2010. On-farm monitoring showed that temperature decreased greatly and with high variability. The time until birds became unconscious after coming into contact with the gas, based on time until loss of balance, was 3–5 min.
Veterinary reports show that 1.5 million laying hens were killed, in 150 separate instances. The most common non-compliance with legislation was failure to notify the regional animal welfare authorities prior to the killings. Six out of 150 killings were defined as animal welfare failures, eg delivery of insufficient CO2 or failure to seal buildings to achieve adequate gas concentration.
Eleven were either potentially or completely unacceptable from the perspective of animal welfare. We conclude that, on the whole, the CO2 whole-house gas killing of spent hens was carried out in accordance with the appropriate legislation. Death was achieved reliably.
However, there remain several risks to animal welfare and increased knowledge would appear vital in order to limit mistakes related to miscalculations of house volume, improper sealing or premature ventilation turn-off.
Technology and Tourism - 2012.11.28.MalvernXiao Ma
The document discusses how emerging technologies can impact tourism. It explores several technologies including mobile applications, QR codes, augmented reality, image recognition, location-based services, social media, Internet of Things, and wearable devices. Many examples are provided of how these technologies could enhance the tourism experience by providing more personalized information and interactions in physical spaces. The document suggests tourism providers should explore experience-led innovations using new and emerging technologies.
Spatial, temporal and genetic dynamics of H5N1 in chinaHarm Kiezebrink
The spatial spread of H5N1 avian influenza, significant ongoing mutations, and long-term persistence of the virus in some geographic regions has had an enormous impact on the poultry industry and presents a serious threat to human health.
This study revealed two different transmission modes of H5N1 viruses in China, and indicated a significant role of poultry in virus dissemination. Furthermore, selective pressure posed by vaccination was found in virus evolution in the country.
Phylogenetic analysis, geospatial techniques, and time series models were applied to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of H5N1 outbreaks in China and the effect of vaccination on virus evolution.
Results showed obvious spatial and temporal clusters of H5N1 outbreaks on different scales, which may have been associated with poultry and wild-bird transmission modes of H5N1 viruses. Lead–lag relationships were found among poultry and wild-bird outbreaks and human cases. Human cases were preceded by poultry outbreaks, and wild-bird outbreaks were led by human cases.
Each clade has gained its own unique spatiotemporal and genetic dominance. Genetic diversity of the H5N1 virus decreased significantly between 1996 and 2011; presumably under strong selective pressure of vaccination. Mean evolutionary rates of H5N1 virus increased after vaccination was adopted in China.
Warner Bros spent $100 million promoting Inception using the film's stars like Leonardo DiCaprio and director Christopher Nolan. They released teaser posters early without plot details that highlighted the stars and Nolan's previous success with The Dark Knight. Later posters provided more information by showing the characters and taglines about the film involving crime. Trailers were also released including early teaser trailers and later ones with more footage and dialogue. Additionally, an official website and mobile app were made to share information and promote the film through gameplay and features. Large posters were placed on buildings and TV spots aired to advertise Inception through multiple channels.
Different environmental drivers of H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and wild birdsHarm Kiezebrink
Different environmental drivers operate on HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in Europe. The probability of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in poultry increases in areas with a higher human population density and a shorter distance to lakes or wetlands.
This reflects areas where the location of farms or trade areas and habitats for wild birds overlap. In wild birds, HPAI H5N1 outbreaks mostly occurred in areas with increased NDVI and lower elevations, which are typically areas where food and shelter for wild birds are available. The association with migratory flyways has also been found in the intra-continental spread of the low pathogenic avian influenza virus in North American wild birds. These different environmental drivers suggest that different spread mechanisms operate.
Disease might spread to poultry via both poultry and wild birds, through direct (via other birds) or indirect (e.g. via contaminated environment) infection. Outbreaks in wild birds are mainly caused by transmission via wild birds alone, through sharing foraging areas or shelters. These findings are in contrast with a previous study, which did not find environmental differences between disease outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in Europe.
Anoxia presentation during the AI symposium in Taiwan, March 2015Harm Kiezebrink
During the Symposium on managing outbreaks of Avian Influenza in Taiwan, the main subject was managing the outbreaks without breaching animal welfare during the culling operations. Although it seams impossible, this can be done using the Anoxia method (see also www.N2GF.com for more information), under the condition that the entire process is been taking into account: killing of animals, carcass disposal, transport & logistic, Occupational Health & Safety, environmental issues, pest control, contact between animals and humans: all these factors contribute to the risks of spreading. If one factor fails, the virus can escape and infect the next flock, making it needed to kill more birds. For that reason, all factors are equally important to maintain animal welfare during outbreak situations.
In a number of recently published studies, Professor Stegeman (University of Utrecht, Holland) explains that serologic spreading of viruses is related to human contacts with contaminated infected animals, carcasses, manure and materials infected/suspected animals; movements of farm labourers, products, equipment etc. Most of these contacts (and movements) take place prior, during, and after the culling procedure, whereas the quantity and the intensity of the contacts - thus this human contact/materials are decisive factors for the serologic spreading of viruses to enter farms and most likely play an important role in spreading between farms. Suspicion/infection of farm animals inevitably leads to preventive culling of all farm animals within the direct proximity. For that reason, the serologic spread of viruses has become a major animal welfare indicator that has to be taken into consideration as such.
Each culling procedure features its own unique contact pattern between animals and humans and is based on applied culling, disposal and transport technique. These contact patterns related to the specific combination of applied methods, defines the major contribution factors for spreading of infections. Therefore should the potential risks of these procedures be evaluated and rated on the art and the intensity of the potential contact between animals and humans/materials, prior, during and after the procedure.
Therefore, the entire procedure of killing, disposal and transportation is therefore considered as Major Interest, in terms of animal welfare.
Berg et al. 2014 killing of spent laying hens using co2 in poultry barnsHarm Kiezebrink
September 2015: In Sweden, spent laying hens are killed either by traditional slaughter; on-farm with CO2 in a mobile container combined with a grinder; or with CO2 stable gassing inside the barn. The number of hens killed using the latter method has increased. During these killings a veterinarian is required to be present and report to the Swedish Board of Agriculture.
Data were registered during four commercial killings and extracted from all official veterinary reports at CO2 whole-house killings in 2008–2010. On-farm monitoring showed that temperature decreased greatly and with high variability. The time until birds became unconscious after coming into contact with the gas, based on time until loss of balance, was 3–5 min.
Veterinary reports show that 1.5 million laying hens were killed, in 150 separate instances. The most common non-compliance with legislation was failure to notify the regional animal welfare authorities prior to the killings. Six out of 150 killings were defined as animal welfare failures, eg delivery of insufficient CO2 or failure to seal buildings to achieve adequate gas concentration.
Eleven were either potentially or completely unacceptable from the perspective of animal welfare. We conclude that, on the whole, the CO2 whole-house gas killing of spent hens was carried out in accordance with the appropriate legislation. Death was achieved reliably.
However, there remain several risks to animal welfare and increased knowledge would appear vital in order to limit mistakes related to miscalculations of house volume, improper sealing or premature ventilation turn-off.