This document provides an overview of stylistic phonetics, including theories of sound, apperception, onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonance, paronomasia, euphony, cacophony, and graphons. It defines these terms and concepts and gives examples to illustrate onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonance, euphony, cacophony, and uses of graphons. The document analyzes phonetic phenomena in language and their stylistic functions.

1. Stylistic Phonetics

2. Outline
1. Theory of Sound
2. Apperception
3. Onomatopoeia
4. Alliteration
5. Assonance
6. Paronomasia
7. Euphony and Cacophony
8. Graphons

3. Theory of Sound
Phoneme Functions
Associative Sound-instrumenting
Apperception – evaluation of phonetic phenomena of a
foreign language from the point of view of one’s mother
tongue.

4. Onomatopoeia
• Onomatopoeia (sound imitation) - the use of words
whose sounds imitate those of nature, man, inanimate
objects.
• Onomatopoeia
• Direct:
hiss, bowwow, bump, bang
• Indirect:
grumble, rattle, murmur

5. Alliteration
Alliteration is repetition of consonants, usually in the
beginning of words.
Pride and Prejudice
Sense and Sensibility
Now or never
As dead as a doornail

6. Assonance
Assonance is repetition of similar vowels in
stressed syllables.
Some say the world will end in fire
Some say in ice.
From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire…

7. Euphony and Cacophony
The effect of euphony is a sense of ease and
comfort in pronouncing and hearing.
The effect of cacophony is a sense of strain and
discomfort in pronouncing and hearing.

8. Graphons
Graphon is intentional violation of the graphical
shape of a word (or a word combination) to
reflect its authentic pronunciation.
Graphons, indicating carelessness or irregularities
of pronunciation were introduced into English
novels in the early XVIII century.

9. Functions of Graphons
Individual peculiarities of pronunciation
Thith ith a bad pieth of bithneth.
Accent (foreign, dialectal)
If yu has hairy arms an’ a hairy breas’ dat
mean yu gonna be rich.
-’oo’?
- ‘oo’.
- A’’ ‘oo’?

10. Functions of Graphons
NO! (capitalization)
Im-poss-ible! (hyphenation)
Aaaaapppeeenneewwweeeeeeaaaarrr!!!
(multyplication)

11. Use of Graphons
• In newspaper texts to show colloquial
speech: gonna, gotta, willya
• In advertisements: Pik-kwik Store, BBQ,
Knee-hi socks
In literary texts: “ The b-b-b—bas-tud – he
seen me c-c-c-coming.”
In charts and SMS: ?