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LATAR BELAKANG
PENULISAN
Gangguan merupakan faktor yang menyebabkan tingkat
kehandalan suatu pembangkit menjadi rendah. Gangguan
tersebut dapat diminimalisir dengan cara menyusun sistem
operasi dan jadwal pemeliharaan peralatan. Salah satu faktor
pembangkitan berupa nilai FOR menunjukkan tingkat
kehandalan suatu pembangkit.
TUJUAN PENULISAN
Untuk mengetahui standard faktor dalam
menyusun sistem operasi setiap tahun, untuk
mengetahui standard faktor dalam menyusun
jadwal pemeliharaan unit pembangkit setiap tahun,
sebagai salah satu faktor pertimbangan dalam
proses akuisisi.
FAKTOR BEBAN
πΉπ‘Žπ‘˜π‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿ π΅π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘› =
π΅π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘› π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘Ž βˆ’ π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘Ž
π΅π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘› π‘π‘’π‘›π‘π‘Žπ‘˜
Faktor Beban (%)
Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3
Januari 55,328 53,925 59,333
Februari 36,479 53,444 35,725
Maret 32,988 52,819 5,632
April 50,228 56,211 32,165
Mei 43,508 71,998 4,063
Juni 41,589 54,577 36,833
Juli 32,949 63,046 36,064
Agustus 3,580 31,300 46,068
September 0,000 0,000 30,796
Oktober 0,134 0,935 15,893
November 24,304 46,303 48,539
Desember 85,583 24,626 72,232
Rerata Tahunan 31,940 41,387 33,092
FAKTOR KAPASITAS
πΉπ‘Žπ‘˜π‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿ πΎπ‘Žπ‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘–π‘‘π‘Žπ‘  =
π‘ƒπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘˜π‘ π‘– π‘†π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’ π‘‡π‘Žβ„Žπ‘’π‘›
π·π‘Žπ‘¦π‘Ž π‘‡π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘” π‘₯ 8760
Faktor Kapasitas (%)
Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3
36,887 45,955 41,369
FAKTOR UTILITAS
πΉπ‘Žπ‘˜π‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘ˆπ‘‘π‘–π‘™π‘–π‘ π‘Žπ‘ π‘– =
π΅π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘› π΄π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘¦π‘Žπ‘›π‘” π‘‡π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘”π‘”π‘–
πΎπ‘’π‘šπ‘Žπ‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘› π΄π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘
Faktor Utilisasi (%)
Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3
105,74 101,00 102,84
FORCE OUTAGE RATED
FOR=
π½π‘’π‘šπ‘™π‘Žβ„Ž π½π‘Žπ‘š πΊπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘”π‘’π‘Žπ‘› π‘ˆπ‘›π‘–π‘‘
π½π‘’π‘šπ‘™π‘Žβ„Ž π½π‘Žπ‘š π‘‚π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘ π‘–+π½π‘’π‘šπ‘™π‘Žβ„Ž π½π‘Žπ‘š πΊπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘”π‘’π‘Žπ‘› π‘ˆπ‘›π‘–π‘‘
No Description Nilai
1 Jumlah Jam Gangguan (h) 320,55
2 Jumlah Jam Operasi (h) 8439,45
3 FOR (%) 0,037
LOAD OF LOSS PROBABILITY
𝐿𝑂𝐿𝑃 =
𝑑=1
𝑑=365
𝑃 𝐢 < π΅π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘› Γ— 𝑑
Unit
FO
Daya Forced
Outage(kW)
Daya
(KW)
Kemungkinan Terjadinya
Probabilitas
Kumulatif
Beban β‰₯ KW
operasi
(hari/tahun)
LOLP
dalam
hari/tahun
- 0 5480 (1-0,037)*(1-0,037)*(1-0,037) 1,000000 60 60,00
1 2300 3180 0,037*(1-0,037)*(1-0,037) 0,106944 60 6,42
2 2300 3180 (1-0,037)*0,037*(1-0,037) 0,072631 90 6,54
3 880 4600 (1-0,037)*(1-0,037)*0,037 0,038318 60 2,30
1&2 4600 880 0,037*0,037*(1-0,037) 0,004006 0 0,00
1&3 3180 2300 0,037*(1-0,037)*0,037 0,002687 60 0,16
2&3 3180 2300 (1-0,037)*0,037*0,037 0,001369 60 0,08
1,2,&3 5480 0 0,037*0,037*0,037 0,000051 365 0,02
75,51
KESIMPULAN
Nilai FOR PLTM Cikaso adalah 0,037, nilai tersebut melewati batas
standar nilai FOR PLTA yaitu 0,01. Nilai FOR PLTM Cikaso tersebut
harus terpenuhi dalam menyusun jadwal maintenance peralatan atau
dikurangi.
Nilai LOLP PLTM Cikaso adalah 75,5 hari/tahun. Nilai tersebut menjadi
salah satu bahan pertimbangan dalam proses akuisisi PLTM Cikaso.
Walaupun nilai standard untul LOLP tidak ada acuannya.
Nilai LOLP PLTM Cikaso dan faktor-faktor pembangkitan lainnya dapa
dijadikan acuan dalam menyusun sistem operasi agar nilai tersebut
dapat terpenuhi.
Nilai CF tidak sepenuhnya dapat dijadikan indeks keberhasilan
produksi suatu pembangkit, sehingga diperlukan nilai FOR. CF boleh
saja mencapai target, namun apa yang terjadi jika nilai FOR tinggi, itu
artinya umur dan nilai ekonomis peralatan akan lebih cepat menurun.
SARAN
Project manajement memasukkan nilai FOR ke dalam laporan
monthly meeting bukan hanya CF, sehingga nilai FOR juga harus
dijadikan dasar penilaian kinerja unit pembangkit.
Investasi khususnya di PLTM yang telah beroperasi harus
memperhatikan Loss Of Load Probability dari PLTM tersebut,
penyebab utama tingginya LOLP harus diketahui.
Running hour dan nilai FOR dijadikan acuan dalam melakukan
maintenance.
Perlunya perhatian kepada DAS PLTM Cikaso sehingga ketersediaan
dan kualitas air terjaga.
β€œJika Pohon Terakhir Ditebang,
Ikan Terakhir Telah Ditangkap,
Sungai Terakhir Telah Mengering,
Manusia Baru Sadar Kalau Uang Tidak Dapat Dimakan.”
Sekian & Terima Kasih

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STUDI KEHANDALAN PEMBANGKIT TENAGA LISTRIK MINI HIDRO CIKASO

  • 1.
  • 2. LATAR BELAKANG PENULISAN Gangguan merupakan faktor yang menyebabkan tingkat kehandalan suatu pembangkit menjadi rendah. Gangguan tersebut dapat diminimalisir dengan cara menyusun sistem operasi dan jadwal pemeliharaan peralatan. Salah satu faktor pembangkitan berupa nilai FOR menunjukkan tingkat kehandalan suatu pembangkit.
  • 3. TUJUAN PENULISAN Untuk mengetahui standard faktor dalam menyusun sistem operasi setiap tahun, untuk mengetahui standard faktor dalam menyusun jadwal pemeliharaan unit pembangkit setiap tahun, sebagai salah satu faktor pertimbangan dalam proses akuisisi.
  • 4. FAKTOR BEBAN πΉπ‘Žπ‘˜π‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿ π΅π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘› = π΅π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘› π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘Ž βˆ’ π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘Ž π΅π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘› π‘π‘’π‘›π‘π‘Žπ‘˜ Faktor Beban (%) Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Januari 55,328 53,925 59,333 Februari 36,479 53,444 35,725 Maret 32,988 52,819 5,632 April 50,228 56,211 32,165 Mei 43,508 71,998 4,063 Juni 41,589 54,577 36,833 Juli 32,949 63,046 36,064 Agustus 3,580 31,300 46,068 September 0,000 0,000 30,796 Oktober 0,134 0,935 15,893 November 24,304 46,303 48,539 Desember 85,583 24,626 72,232 Rerata Tahunan 31,940 41,387 33,092
  • 5. FAKTOR KAPASITAS πΉπ‘Žπ‘˜π‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿ πΎπ‘Žπ‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘–π‘‘π‘Žπ‘  = π‘ƒπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘˜π‘ π‘– π‘†π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’ π‘‡π‘Žβ„Žπ‘’π‘› π·π‘Žπ‘¦π‘Ž π‘‡π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘” π‘₯ 8760 Faktor Kapasitas (%) Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 36,887 45,955 41,369
  • 6. FAKTOR UTILITAS πΉπ‘Žπ‘˜π‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘ˆπ‘‘π‘–π‘™π‘–π‘ π‘Žπ‘ π‘– = π΅π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘› π΄π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘¦π‘Žπ‘›π‘” π‘‡π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘”π‘”π‘– πΎπ‘’π‘šπ‘Žπ‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘› π΄π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘ Faktor Utilisasi (%) Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 105,74 101,00 102,84
  • 7. FORCE OUTAGE RATED FOR= π½π‘’π‘šπ‘™π‘Žβ„Ž π½π‘Žπ‘š πΊπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘”π‘’π‘Žπ‘› π‘ˆπ‘›π‘–π‘‘ π½π‘’π‘šπ‘™π‘Žβ„Ž π½π‘Žπ‘š π‘‚π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘ π‘–+π½π‘’π‘šπ‘™π‘Žβ„Ž π½π‘Žπ‘š πΊπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘”π‘’π‘Žπ‘› π‘ˆπ‘›π‘–π‘‘ No Description Nilai 1 Jumlah Jam Gangguan (h) 320,55 2 Jumlah Jam Operasi (h) 8439,45 3 FOR (%) 0,037
  • 8. LOAD OF LOSS PROBABILITY 𝐿𝑂𝐿𝑃 = 𝑑=1 𝑑=365 𝑃 𝐢 < π΅π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘› Γ— 𝑑 Unit FO Daya Forced Outage(kW) Daya (KW) Kemungkinan Terjadinya Probabilitas Kumulatif Beban β‰₯ KW operasi (hari/tahun) LOLP dalam hari/tahun - 0 5480 (1-0,037)*(1-0,037)*(1-0,037) 1,000000 60 60,00 1 2300 3180 0,037*(1-0,037)*(1-0,037) 0,106944 60 6,42 2 2300 3180 (1-0,037)*0,037*(1-0,037) 0,072631 90 6,54 3 880 4600 (1-0,037)*(1-0,037)*0,037 0,038318 60 2,30 1&2 4600 880 0,037*0,037*(1-0,037) 0,004006 0 0,00 1&3 3180 2300 0,037*(1-0,037)*0,037 0,002687 60 0,16 2&3 3180 2300 (1-0,037)*0,037*0,037 0,001369 60 0,08 1,2,&3 5480 0 0,037*0,037*0,037 0,000051 365 0,02 75,51
  • 9. KESIMPULAN Nilai FOR PLTM Cikaso adalah 0,037, nilai tersebut melewati batas standar nilai FOR PLTA yaitu 0,01. Nilai FOR PLTM Cikaso tersebut harus terpenuhi dalam menyusun jadwal maintenance peralatan atau dikurangi. Nilai LOLP PLTM Cikaso adalah 75,5 hari/tahun. Nilai tersebut menjadi salah satu bahan pertimbangan dalam proses akuisisi PLTM Cikaso. Walaupun nilai standard untul LOLP tidak ada acuannya. Nilai LOLP PLTM Cikaso dan faktor-faktor pembangkitan lainnya dapa dijadikan acuan dalam menyusun sistem operasi agar nilai tersebut dapat terpenuhi. Nilai CF tidak sepenuhnya dapat dijadikan indeks keberhasilan produksi suatu pembangkit, sehingga diperlukan nilai FOR. CF boleh saja mencapai target, namun apa yang terjadi jika nilai FOR tinggi, itu artinya umur dan nilai ekonomis peralatan akan lebih cepat menurun.
  • 10. SARAN Project manajement memasukkan nilai FOR ke dalam laporan monthly meeting bukan hanya CF, sehingga nilai FOR juga harus dijadikan dasar penilaian kinerja unit pembangkit. Investasi khususnya di PLTM yang telah beroperasi harus memperhatikan Loss Of Load Probability dari PLTM tersebut, penyebab utama tingginya LOLP harus diketahui. Running hour dan nilai FOR dijadikan acuan dalam melakukan maintenance. Perlunya perhatian kepada DAS PLTM Cikaso sehingga ketersediaan dan kualitas air terjaga.
  • 11. β€œJika Pohon Terakhir Ditebang, Ikan Terakhir Telah Ditangkap, Sungai Terakhir Telah Mengering, Manusia Baru Sadar Kalau Uang Tidak Dapat Dimakan.” Sekian & Terima Kasih