Structuralism rejects examining a literary work for the author's intentions or to reveal truths, as the author is dead and the work has no truth value. It is anti-humanist in focusing on the text itself rather than the human subject. According to Roland Barth's 1968 essay, writers do not express themselves but rather mix and reassemble already existing writings, drawing only on language and culture, as words are already written and formulated in language. However, none of this is proven true, as if it were, writers would stop writing and take up other hobbies like knitting.