كتاب لإحتراف الصيانة
- 3. Certified Technical Support Professional Study Guide ACTSP Certification
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ﻡﺴﺒﺍﷲﺍﻥﻤﺤﺭﻟﺍﻡﻴﺤﺭﻟ
ﻘﺘــــــﻡﻴﺩ
ﺘﻜﺎﺏﺍﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍﻲﺴﺍﺨﻟﺎﻬﺸﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺓﺩ"ﺭﻴﺒﺨﺍﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻠﻟ ﻲﻨﻔﻟ"ﺍﻭ ACTSP
ﺫﻫﺍﺍﺘﻜﻟﺎﻡﻀﻴ ﺏﺍﻤﻟﺎﺓﺩﺍﻻﺴﺎﺔﻴﺴﺍﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﺩﻋﺍﻴﺘﺠﺎﺯﺍﺒﺘﺨﺎﻬﺸ ﺭﺎﺓﺩﺍﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍﻲﻨﻔﻟﺍﺔـﻤﺩﻘﻤﻟ
ﻥﻤ ASK PC ﻟ ﺍﺭﻘﻤ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺫﺨﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭﺞﻬﻨـﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻡﺩـﻘﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺎﻬ
ﺕﺎـﻴﻻﻭﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺜﺩﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺏﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻠﻟ ﺢﻴﺘﻴﻟ
ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷ ﻲﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﻟﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻑﺭﺘﻌﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ.
ﺍﺘﻜﻟﺎﻭﺠ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻁﻐﻴ ﺏﺍﺏﻨﺍﻥﻤ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻟﺍﺩﺒﻟﺍﻴﻰﺘﺤ ﺔﺍﻻﺭﺘﺤﺍﻤﻜ ﻑﺎﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﺩﻌﻴﺎﻻﻋ ﻰﻨﻏﻪﻨ
ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﻥﻤﻟﺍﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﺍﻭﻬﻤ ﻰﻤﻨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺼ لﺎﺔﻨﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺩﻗﻭﻥﺍ ﺎـﻨﺭﺭﻗﻊـﻴﻤﺠ ﻡﺩـﻘﻨ
ﻨﻤﺎﻨﺠﻫﺎﺒﺎﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻟﺍﺼﻤﻠﻟﺎﺏﻋﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻪﺠﺍﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺜﻜﻟﺍﻨﻤﻟﺎﺞﻫﺍﺨﻟﺎﻡﻭـﻠﻌﺒ ﺔـﺼ
ﺍﺒ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺎﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍﻻﺔﻴﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﻊﻤﺍﺤﻤﻟﺎﺔﻅﻓﺍﻴﻀﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﺎﺕﺍﺒ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺎﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍﻻﻲـﻜﻟ ﺔﻴﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨ
ﺘﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﺍﻻﻔﺘﺴﺎﺓﺩﺍﻭ ﻯﻭﺼﻘﻟﺍﻴﻀﺎﻻ ﻲﻜﻟﻑﻌﻀﻨﺍﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍﺞﻬﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍﺹﺼﺨﺘﻤﻟ.
ﺩﻜ ﻙﺒ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﻴﺍﻬﺸ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟ ﺱﺭﺎﺭﻴﺒﺨ ﺓﺩﺍﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍﻲﻨﻔﻟﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺍﻴﺒ ﺔﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﺎﺕﺍﺭﺘﻭـﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟ
ﺍﻬﻟ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ﻥﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻼﻴﺼﻔﺘﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﺍﺍﺯﻜﺭﻴﺴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍﻻﻴـﺸﺎﺀﺍﺔـﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍﻲـﺘﻟ
ﺘﺤﻴﺎﻬﺠﺎﺍﺩﻟﺍﻭ ﺱﺭﺍﻴﻀﺎﻴﻻ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻡﻫﺍﻼﻜﺸﻤﻟﺕﺍﺨﻟﺎﺒ ﺔـﺼﺎـﻨﻭﻜﻤﻟﺎﺕﺍﺔﺒﻠﺼـﻟ Hardware
ﻭﺍﻴﺠﻤﺭﺒﻟﺎﺕ Software ﻻ لﻭﻠﺤﻭﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻫﺍﻼﻜﺸﻤﻟﺒ ﺕﺎﻕﺭﻁﻟﺍـﻌﺘﻤﻟﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺎلـﺒﻗ ﻥـﻤ
ﺍﺭﺒﺨﻟﺍﺀ.
ﺫﻬﻠﻓﺍﻑﺭﺸﺘﺘﺍﻜﺎﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻟﺍ ﻲﻓﺫﻫ ﺡﺭﻁﺒﺍﺍﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﻟﺅﻤﻟﺍـﻴﺩ ﻱﺩﺍﻬﻴـﺴﺭﺎ
ﻻﻴﺘﺠﺎﺯﺍﺒﺘﺨﺎﺭﻬﺸﺎﺓﺩﺍﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍﻟﺒﻤﻜﻠﻟ ﻲﻨﻔﺠﻨﺒ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺎﺡﺍﺸ ﻥﺎﺀﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻠﻌﻠﻟﻭ ﷲﺍﺍﻭﺘﻤ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍﻊـﻤ ﻕﻓ
ﻬﺸ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﺎﺓﺩ A+ ﺍﻌﻟﺎﺔﻴﻤﻟﻊﻤﺍﻻﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕﺍﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍﻻﻯﺭﺨﺍﻬﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻬـﺸﺎﺓﺩﺍﻡﻋﺩـﻟﺍﻲـﻨﻔﻟ
ACTSP ﻥﻤ ASK PC ﺔـﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﻭﻴﺒ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺎﺒ Microsoft, Winternals &
Symantec. ﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﺎﻀﻴﺍﻭ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ﻡﻜﻟ ﻡﺩﻘﻨﻟﺎﻬﺒ ﻑﺭﺘﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﺓ.
- 4. Certified Technical Support Professional Study Guide ACTSP Certification
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ﻤﻤﺎﺎﻰﻨﻌﻤﻰﻨﻌﻤ A AC CT TS SP P ؟؟
ﻲﻫ ﻩﺫﻫﺍﻬﺸﻟﺎﺓﺩﺍﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻟﺍﻜﺎﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺍﻲﻓ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟ ASK PC ﺔـﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻻﺍ ﺓﺩـﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻟﺎﺒ
ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻟﺩﻜﺍﻴﺘﺠﺎﻻ ﻙﺯﺒﺘﺨﺎﺭﺍﻡﻋﺩـﻟﺍﻻ ﻲـﻨﻔﻟﺓﺯـﻬﺠﺍﺭﺘﻭـﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺍﻭ ASKPC Certified
Technical Support Professional ﺍﻱﺭﻴﺒﺨﺍﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍﻲﻨﻔﻟﺍﻥﻤ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻟﻤﺔﻠﺠﺴـﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺴﺅ
ﻭ ﺎﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻑﺭﺘﻌﻤ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﺭﺩﺼﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻜﻴﺭﻤﺍ ﻲﻓﺍﻲﻓ ﻭﻀﻌﻟﺍﺭـﺒﻜﺍـﻤﻅﻨﻤﻟﺎﺕﺍﻌﻟﺎﺔـﻴﻤﻟ
ﺍﻭ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻟﺍﻴﻀﺎﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘﺭﺸﺒﺍﻊﻤ ﺔﻜﺍﺕﻭﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍﺓﺭﺒﺨﻟﺍﻌﻟﺎلﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻟ Microsoft .
ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻕﻭﻘﺤﺍﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻟﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻟﺍﺍﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻟﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻟ::
ﻘﺒﻁﺎﻕﻭﻘﺤﻟﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻟﺍﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻟﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺍﻭ ﻑﻟﺅﻤﻟﺍﻬﻠﻴﺠﺴﺘ ﻡﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ﻲﻓﺍﻲﻓ ﺱﺭﺠﻨﻭﻜﻟ
ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕﺍﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍﻻﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻲﻓﻭﺍلﻭﺩﻟﺍﻻ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﻔﺘﺎﻗﻴﻥﺭﺒ ﺔﻓﺎﺫﻫ ﻥﺍﺍﺘﻜﻟﺎﻻ ﺀﺯﺠ ﺏﺯﺠﺘﻴﺃ
ﻨﻌﻗﻭﻤ ﻥﻤﺎﺍﻭﻗ ﺕﺤﺘ لﺠﺴﻤﻟﺍﻤﺤ ﻥﻴﻨﺎﻴﺔﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻟﺍﺫﻬﻟﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻟﺍﻓﺎﺫﻫ ﻥﺍﺍﻼﻟ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﺩ ﻡﺍلـﺨ
ﺍﻭ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍﻻﻜﺎﻻﻭ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﻪﺨﺴﻨ ﺯﻭﺠﻴﺍﻭﻪﻌﻴﺯﻭﺘﺍﻭﻪﻠﻴﻤﺤﺘﺍﻭﺒﺘﺎﻊﻤ ﻪﻟﺩﺍﻻﻥﻴﺭـﺨﺍﻭلـﻘﻨ
ﺒ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺀﺯﺠﺎﻱﻜ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﺎﺓﺀﻭﺭﻘﻤ ﺕﻨﺍﻭﺍﺤ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻴﻟﺎﺔﻴﻟﺍﻭﺭﻁﺘﺴﺍﺩﻌﺒﺍﻻﺒﺎﻕﺒﺴﻤ ﻥﺫﺔﻜﺭﺸـﻟﺍ
ﻭﺍﺨﻴ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻑﻟﺅﻤﻟﺎﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺽﺭﻌﻴ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻑﻟﺎﺔﻠﺌﺍﻘﻟﺎﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺍﻤﺎﻡﺍﺤﻤﻟﺎﻡﻜﺍـﻤﻴﻓ ﺔـﻴﻟﻭﺩﻟﺎـﺨﻴﺹ
ﻕﻭﻘﺤﺍﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻟﺍﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻟﺍﻻﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕﺍﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍﻻﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤلﻭﺤﻭﺍﻌﻟﺎﻡﻟ.ﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎﺍﻼﻌﻟﻤﺎﺕﺍﺠﺘﻟﺎﺔـﻴﺭ
ﻭﺍﻴﺠﻤﺭﺒﻟﺎﺕﺍﻭﻟﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﺍﺘﻜﻟﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤ ﺏﺎﻻ ﺔﺼﺤﺼﺎﻬﺒﺎﻤﺤﻤﻭﺏﺠﻭﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﻘﻟﺍﻥﻴﻨﺍﺔﻴﻟﻭﺩﻟ.
- 5. Certified Technical Support Professional Study Guide ACTSP Certification
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ﺒﻤﺎﺀﻱﺩﺍﻨﻭﻜﻤﻟﺎﺕﺍﻻ ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟﺓﺯﻬﺠﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟ
Computer Hardware Organization Fundamentals
ﻨﻭﻜﻤﺎﺕﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺍﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟﺍﻭﺍــﻟ Hardware Organization ﻭـﻫﻉﺭـﻓﻲـﻓﺍــﻟ
Computer Science ﻥﻤ ﺱﻴﻟ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻉﺭﻓ ﻭﻫﻭﺍلﻬﺴﻟﺍﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺨﺩﻟﺍﻨﻫ ﻪﺘﺎﻑﻭـﺴ ﻥﻜﻟﻭ
ﻙﻟ ﺽﺭﻌﻨﺍﻡﻫﺍﻘﻨﻟﺎﻁﺍﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻨﺒﻠﻟﺎﺕﺍﻻﺴﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺀﺍـﻟ Hardware
ﺩﺒﻨ ﻑﻭﺴﻭﺍﺒﺎﻡﻫﺍﺯﺠﺍﺀﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺍﻤﻜ ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟﺎﻲﻠﻴ:
M Mo ot th he er rb bo oa ar rd d o or r M Ma ai in n B Bo oa ar rd d
ﻲﻫ ﻩﺫﻫﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻻﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻴﻟﺍﻻﺴﺎﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﻲﻫﻭ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺍﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻡﻀﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺯـﺠﺍﺀﺍﺭﺘﻭـﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟ
ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺔﻴﺴﺍﻻ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒﺍﻫﺩﺠﺎﺒ لﻭﻘﺘﻟ ﺔﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﺎﻬﺠ ﻙﻴﺩﻟ ﻥﺎﺼ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜ ﺯﺎﻴﻠﻌﻓ لﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺢﻟﺎﻲﻫﻭ
ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻱﻭﺤﺘﺍﻤﺎﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻥﻜﺍﻁﺒﻟﺎﻗﺎﺕﺍﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍﻭﺍﺕﻭﺭﻜﻟﺍﻻﺘﻜﻴﻟﻭﺭﺔﻴﻨﺍﻥﻋ ﺔﻟﺅﺴﻤﻟﺍﻌﺘﻟﺎﻊﻤ لﻤ
ﺍﻴﺒﻟﺎﻨﺎﺕﺍﻭﻤﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴﺎ Expansion Slots ﻭﺍــﻟ System Buses ﺍﻭـﻤﺎﻑﺭـﻌﺘ
ﻭﻨﻘﺒﺍلﻘﻨ ﺕﺍﻴﺒﻟﺎﻨﺎﻭ ﺕﺍﻴﻀﺎﻜﻤﺎﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻥﺍـﻟ Processor ﺍﻭﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﺞﻟﺍﺜﻤﺒ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺎلـﻘﻋ ﺔﺒ
ﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﺫﻠﻟ ﺔﻓﺍﺓﺭﻜ Memory Modules ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ﻑﻭﺴﻭﺍﺒ ﺀﺯـﺠ لﻜ ﻰﻟﺎلﻴﺼـﻔﺘﻟ
ﻻﻘﺤﺎﻤﻜﻭﺎﻲﻓ ﻯﺭﺘﺍﺓﺭﻭﺼﻟﺍﺘﻟﺎـﻠﻟ ﺔﻁﻘﻟ ﺔﻴﻟ Motherboard
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ﺏﺠﻴﻭﺍﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﺘ ﻥﺍﺒﺘﻋﺎﻙﺭﺍﻥﺍـﻟ Motherboard ﺍﻜﺸﺎﻬﻟﺎﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﺍﻴﻀﺎﻤﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋﺎﻥـﻤ
ﻨﻭﻜﻤﺎلﻴﺩﻭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺕﺍﻰﻟﺍﻻﺏﺴﺤ ﺭﺨﺍﺔﻜﺭﺸﻟﺍﻨـﻀﺭﻋ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﻤﻟﺎـﻨﻫﺎﺓﺭﻭـﺼ
ﺒﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﻱﻭﺤﺘ ﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺎﺍﻭ ﻡﻫﺍﺭﺜﻜﺍﻻﻴﺸﺎﺀﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻤﺎﺘﻜ ﺔﻅﺤﻟ ﻲﻓﺎﻨﺘﺒﺎﺫﻬﻟﺍﺍﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟ.
ﻭﺍﻻﻕﻤﻌﺘﻨ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻥﺍﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﻜﺎﺕﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍﻤ ﻡﻫﺎﻫﺯﻴﻤﻴﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻭﺎ،ﻤﻜﺎ
ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﺘﺴﺍﺒ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻟﺎﻻﻰﻠﻋﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻻﻬﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻡﺎﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ لﻜﻟ ﺡﺭﺸﺍﺯﺠﺍﻬﺌﺎﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ﻑﻭﺴﻓ
ﺍﻰﻟﺍﻡﻫﺍﻻﺸﻴﺎﺀﺍﻭﺘ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻲﻓ ﻙﻬﺠﺍﻌﺘﻟﺎﻊﻤ لﻤﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟ.
ﻨﻫﺎﻫ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻙﺎﺩﺠ ﻡﺍﻥﻤﻭﺍﻡﻫﺍﻘﻨﻟﺎﻁﺍﻰﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻬﻓﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﺎﺩﻜﺍﺫﻬﻟ ﺱﺭﺍﺍﺞﻬﻨـﻤﻟﺍﻭﻑﺭـﺘﺤﻤﻜ
ﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻴﺎلﺍﻴﺼﻟﺎﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻨﺍﻭﻨﺍﻉﺍـﻟ Power Supply ﺍﻭﻻﻭﺤﻤﺕﺍﻁﻟﺎﺔـﻗﺍﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴـﻤﻟ،
ﻨﻫﻭﺎﻙﺍﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍـﻟ Power supplies ﻬﻨﻤﺎﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻟﻜﻟﻙـﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﺒ ﻲـﻔﺘﻜﻨ ﻥـﻟ ﻥ
ﺒﺎﺘﻤﻟﺎﺤ ﺡﺎﻴﻟﺎﻼﻓﺩﺒﺍﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﺘ ﻥﺍﺩﻘﻟﻡﻴﻤﺒﺭﺎﻭﻴﺍﻙﻬﺠﻬﺠﺎﻩﺫﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﺯﺍﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍﺙـﻴﺤ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻟ
ﺍﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﺍﻡﻭﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍﻥﺍـﻟ Power Supply ﻉﻭـﻨ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻨﻜﻤﻴﺍﺔـﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﺔﻴﺴـﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍــﻟ
Motherboard ﻤﻜﺎﻻ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﺴﻘﺤﺎ:
AT Power Supply :ﺫﻫﺍﺍﻻﻭﺤﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻟﺕﺍﻁﻟﺎـﻜ ﺔـﻗﺎﻥﺍﻻﻋﻭﻴـﺸ ﺭـﺜﻜﺎﻭﺍﺩﺨﺘـﺴﺍﻤﺎ
ﻭﺍﺩﺒ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺕﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻴﺎﺕﺍﺒﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺎﻋﺎﻡ١٩٩٥ﻭﺍﻤ ﻡﻫﺎﻜﺎﻫﺯﻴﻤﻴ ﻥﺎﺍﻗﺭ ﻥﺎﻕﺌﺍﺫﻟﺍﺓﺭﻜ
Memory Modules ﻭﺍـﻟ Processor ﻜﺎﺒﻤ ﻊﻀﻭﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺸﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻻﻡﺍﻱﻥـﻜﻴ ﻡﻟ
ﻬﻟﺎﺍﻤﺎﺨ ﻥﻜﺎﺔﺼﺍﻭ Expansion Slots ﻜﺎﺤ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻟﺎﻴﻟﺎﻜﻭﺎﻬﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻥﺎﻥﻤﺍﻤ لﻬﺴﺎﻥـﻜﻤﻴ
ﺙﻴﺤﺍﻬﻨﺎلﺼﻭ ﺩﺭﺠﻤﺍـﻟ Power Supply ﺒﺎـﻟ Motherboard ﻴﻭﻜ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺀﻲﺸ ل.
Baby AT :ﺼﺨ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻫﺎﺹﺌﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﺴﻟﺎﻥﻜﻟﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺍﺭﻐﺼﻬﻨﻤﺎﺒﺎﻤﻜ ﻊﺒﻁﻟﺎﻭ ﻭﻫﺍﺢﻀ.
ATX Power Supply :ﺩﺒ ﻭﻫ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻭﻫﺍﻴﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺍﺔﻴﻘﺤﻟﺍﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍﺤ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻟﺎـﻴﻟﺎﻥـﻜﻟﻭ
ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﺍﺒﺘﻋﺎﻙﺭﺍﻨﻨﺎﻻﺤﺘﻨﺩﺙﻨﻫﺎﻥﻋﺍـﻟ Power Supply ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻜﺍﺩﻤﺍﺩﺍﻁﻟﺎﺔـﺤﻭﻠﻟ ﺔـﻗ
ﺍﻨﻨﻜﻟﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺎﺤﺘﻨﻬﻨﻋ ﺙﺩﺎﻬﻨﻋﺎﻰﻠﻋﺍﻬﻨﺎﺭﻭـﻁﺘﺒ ﺕﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﺍــﻟ Motherboards ،
ﻩﺫﻫﻭﺍﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍـﻟ Motherboard ﻲﻫﻭ ATX ﻡﺘﺍﻜﺘﺒﺎﻫﺭﺎﺔﻜﺭـﺸ لـﺒﻗ ﻥـﻤ
INTEL ﺩﺒﻭﺍﺍﺘﻨﺎﻬﺠﺎﺔﺴﻠﺴ ﻲﻓ Pentium Pro ﻤ ﻥﻜﻟﻭﺎﻭﻫﺍﻕﺭﻔﻟﺍﻥﻴـﺒ ﻱﺭﻫﻭﺠﻟﺍــﻟ AT
ﻭﺍـﻟ ATX ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻜﺍـﻟ Motherboard .
ATX ﺍﺒ ﺢﺒﺼﺎﻻﻜﻤﺎﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻥﺍﺕﻭﺭﻜﻟﺍﻭﺍﻁﺒﻟﺎﻗﺎﺕﺍﻬﺘﻠﻴﺜﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻟﻭﻬﺴﺒ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺎ AT ﺭـﻅﻨﺍ
ﻴﺯﻟﺎﺓﺩﺍﺴﻤﻟﺎﺔﺤﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﻐﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍﻡﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍﻌﺒﺎﻜﻤ ﺩﺎﻥﺍــﻟ Processor ﺔـﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻥـﻋ
ﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍﻜﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺎﻬﻨﺎﺏﺭﻘﺒﺍـﻟ Power Supply ـﻤﻤﺎﺏـﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺢﻴـﺘﻴﺍﺕﻭﺭـﻜﻟ
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ﻭﺍﻁﺒﻟﺎﻗﺎﻥﻋ ﺔﻟﻭﻬﺴﺒ ﺕﺍـﻟ AT ﺍﻜ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤ ﺕﻭﺭﻜ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ ﻥﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟ
ﺭﻅﻨﺍﺩﻭﺠﻭﻟﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﻭ ﺞﻟﺍﺫﻟﺍﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟ.
ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻲﻓﺍـﻟ ATX ﺍﻭ لﺼﻭﻤ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻁﻠﻟ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺩﺤﺎﻭـﻫﻭ ﺔﻗ 20 PIN Power Connector
ﺍﻤﺎﻲﻓﺍـﻟ AT ﻜﻓﺎﺭﻜﺫﺘ ﻙﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻴﺘﻠﺼﻭ ﺕﻨﺍﺠﺘﺎﻩﺍﻻﻼﺴﻭ ﻙﺍﻭﻟﺍﻬﻨﺎ!
ﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻲﻓﺔ ATX ﺍﺕﺤﺒﺼﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻗ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺎﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺍﺴﺘﻜﺎﺏ٣,٣ﻥﻤ ﺕﻟﻭﻓﺍﻁﻟﺎﺒﻤ ﺔـﻗﺎﺓﺭـﺸ
ﻥﻤﺍـﻟ Power Supply ﺱﻜﻋ ﻰﻠﻋﺍﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻟ AT ﺍـﻜ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻻ ﻥﺩﻭـﺠﻭ ﻥـﻤ ﺩـﺒ
Regulator لﻴﻭﺤﺘﻟﺍﻁﻟﺎﻥﻤ ﺔﻗ٥ﺕﻟﻭﻓﺍﻰﻟ٣,٣لﺼﺘﻟ ﺕﻟﻭﻓﺍﻰﻟﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍﺍﺭﺩﻘﻟ
ﻥﻤﺍﻡﻫﺍﻻﺀﻲﺸﺍﺍﻴﻀﺎﺍﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﻲﺘﻟﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻲﻓﺍـﻟ ATX ﻲﻫﻭﺍــﻟ Soft Switch ﻰـﻨﻌﻤﺒ
ﺍﻙﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻪﻨﺍﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﺘ ﻥﺍﻭ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍﻻﻴﻘﺎﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻠﻟ ﻑﺍﻭﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍـﻟ
Software ﻼﺜﻤﻲﻔﻓﺍـﻟ AT ﻜﺎﻜﻴﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻭ ﺢﺘﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻨﺍﻼﻏﻕﺍﻬﺠﻟﺎـﻜﻓ ﺯﺎﻥـﻤ ﻥ
ﺍﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﻪﻠﻴﻐﺸﺘ لﻴﺤﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍﺭﺯ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻐﻀﻟﺍـﻟ Power ﺍﻻﺒ ﻥﺎﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻡﺍـﻟ Soft switch
ﺍﺒ ﺢﺒﺼﺎﻜﻤﺎﺔﻟﻭﻬﺴ لﻜﺒﻭ ﻙﻨﺍلﻌﺠﺘ ﻥﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟ Standby ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻠﻴﻐﺸﺘﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘﻭﺍﺔﻜﺒﺸـﻟ
ﺨﺒﺎﻰﻋﺩﺘ ﺔﻴﺼ Wake On LAN ﻲﻫﻭﺍﺘﻤ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺎﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺍﻻﺓﺯﻬﺠﺍﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻟ.
ﻨﻫ لﻫﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻙﺎﺕﺍـﻟ Motherboard ﺒﺎـﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟ Power Supply ؟
ﺍﺸﺒﻤﻟﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﻻﺭﻤﺍﻌﺒﻁ ﻪﻨﺎﻨﻫﺎﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻙ!ﻤﺒﻭﺎﺍﻨﻨﺎﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻡﻜﻟ ﻡﺩﻘﻨﺎﻗﺎـﻘﺒﻁ لﻴﺩﻌﺘﻠﻟ لﺒﺎـﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻟﺎﺕ
ﺩﺠﺘﺴﻤﻭﺍﺕﺍﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻨ ﻑﻭﺴﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍﻡﻫﺍﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺎﺕﺍﺭﻁﺘ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﺍﺍـﺠﻤﻟﺎﻰـﻠﻋﻭ ل
لﻴﺒﺴﺍﺜﻤﻟﺎﻨﻫ لﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻙﺎﻴﻟﺎﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺸﺘﻨﻤﺍـﻟ Servers ﺍﻭﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺍﻜﺭـﺸ ﻲـﻓ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺎﺕ
ﺍﻀﺘﺴﺎﺔﻓﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍﻼﺨﻭ ﻊﻗﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻪﻓ Hot Swappable ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻲﻫﻭﺍﻜﻤﺎلﻴﺩﺒﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﻱ
ﻊﻁﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻁﻗﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺍﻨﺜﺎلﻤﻋ ﺀﺍﻻ ﻑﻗﻭﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﺍلﻴﺤﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍﺔﻜﺭـﺸ ﻡﻭـﻘﺘ ﻥ
ﻬﺠ لﻴﻁﻌﺘﺒ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﺎﻴﺼ لﻤﻌﻟ ﺯﺎﺔﻨ!ﺫﻬﻟﻭﺍﻡﺘﺍﻜﺘﺒﺎﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺍﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍﻲـﻓ ﺓﺭﺸـﺘﻨﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻲﺘﻟ
ﺍﻻﻭﺔﻨﺍﻻﺓﺭﻴﺨلﺒﻗﻭﺍﻠﻐﻨ ﻥﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﺍﺽﻌﺒ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺴﻨ ﻑﻭﺴ ﺓﺭﻘﻔﻟﺍـﻠﻟ ﺭﻭﺼﻟ Power Supply
ﻻ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻜﺩﻤﺍﺩﺍﺒ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺎﻁﻟﺎﺔﻗ.
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ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﺕﺒﺜﺘﺍـﻟ Power Supply ﻲﻓﺍـﻟ Case ﺍﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺔـﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍـﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﺴـﻴﺌﺭﻟﺎ
ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻭ ﺕﻭﺭﻜﻠﻟ ﺔﻓﺍﻁﺒﻟﺎﻗﺎﺕﺍﻻﻬﻠﻴﺼﻭﺘ ﻡﺘﻴﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺎﻜﺒﺎﻼﺒﻤﻜ ﺕﺎﻲﻓ ﻯﺭﺘﺍﺓﺭﻭﺼﻟﺒﺎﻻﻰﻠﻋ.
ﺩﻌﺒﺍﺕﻓﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﻰﻠﻋﺍﻭﻨﺍﻉﺍـﻟ Power Supply ﺩﺒﻨﻠﻓﺍﻲﻓﺍﻕﻤﻌﺘﻟﺍـﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻡـﻬﻓ ﻲـﻓ ﺭﺜﻜﺎﺕ
ﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍـﻟ Motherboard ﻤﻭﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻥﻤﺎﺕ
) ) C CP PU U ( ( C Ce en nt tr ra al l P Pr ro oc ce es ss si in ng g U Un ni it t
Central Processing Unit ﺍﻭﻤﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴﺎ Processor ﺜﻤﺒ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﻫﺎﺔﺒﺍلﻘﻌﻟﺍﺭـﻜﻔﻤﻟ
ﻲﻓﺍﻥﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺍﻡﻫﺍﻻﺯﺠﺍﺀﺍﻬﻴﻓ ﻕﻤﻌﺘﻨ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﺒﺎﻔﺘﺴﺎﺭـﻅﻨ ﺔﻀﺍﻻـﺘﻴﻤﻫﺎﻭﺍـﻴﻀﺎ
ﺭﻅﻨﺍلﺩﺠﻠﻟﺍﻪﻴﻓ ﻊﻘﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻱﺫﻟﺍﻲﻓ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻤﻜ ﺕﻨﺍﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍﻲﻨﻔﻟ.
ﻌﻤﺎﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻟIntelﻌﻤﺎﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻟAMD
ـﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﻊﺒﻘﺘ ﺎﻨﻫPower Supplyـﻟﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﺒCase
ﺓﺩﺤﻭPower Supplyلﺨﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ Computer Case
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ﻨﻀﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻟﺎﺫﻫ ﻙﻟﺍﻥﺍﻋﻭﻨﻟﺎﻥﻤ ﻥﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﺠﻟﺎﻔﺼﺒ ﺕﻤﻬﺘﺎﻴﻤﺘﻨﻴﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﻜﺭﺸﻟ ﻥﺎﻨـﺼ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺘﺴﻓﺎﺔﻋ
ﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﺠﻟﺎﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﻌﻟﺎﻡﻟﺩﺒ ﻲﻓﻭﺍﻴﺔﺍﻻﺅﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻴﺠﻨﻠﻓ ﺭﻤﺍﻡﻬﻤ لﺩﺠﺍﺩـﺠﻭﻴ لـﻫ ﻭﻫﻭ
ﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻓﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕ Intel ﻭ AMD ؟
ﻲﻓﺍﻻ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻟﻥﻜﻤﻴﺍﻻﺠﺎﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺍﺍﺅﺴﻟﺍﻲﻤﻠﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ لﺍﺫﺍﺴﺘ ﺕﻨﻜﺎﻥﻋ لﺍﺔﻋﺭﺴﻟﺍﺨﻟﺎﺔـﺼ
ﺒﺎﻌﻤﻟﺎﻻ ﺞﻟﻥﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﺠﻟﺎﻻ ﺕﻭ ﺔﻋﺭﺴﺒ لﻤﻌﺘﺍﺓﺩﺤﺍﺩﺒﺍﻥﻜﻟﻭﺍﺫﺍﺴﺘ ﺕﻨﻜﺎﻥﻋ لﺍﻕﺭﻔﻟﺍﻱﺭﻫﻭـﺠﻟ
ﺍﺒ ﻲﻨﻘﺘﻟﺎﻨﻫ ﻊﺒﻁﻟﺎﻕﺭﻓ ﻙ Intel ﻥـﻤ ﻥﻴﻋﻭـﻨ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎـﺠﻟﺎـﻤﻫ ﺕﺎ Pentium ﻭ Celeron
ﻑﺭﻌﻨ ﻑﻭﺴﻭﺍﻻ ﻕﺭﻔﻟﻘﺤﺎﺍﻤﺎ AMD ﻌﻤ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﻓﺎﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻟ Athlon ﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎﻨﻫﺎﻲـﻓ ﻕﺭﻓ ﻙ
ﺍـﻟ Memory ﺍﻭﺍﺫﻟﺍﺓﺭﻜﺍﻼﻜ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﻥﻴﺠﻟﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎﺍـﻟ Motherboard ﺔـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ
ﺒﺎﻡﻏﺭﻭ ﻊﺒﻁﻟﺍﻥ Intel ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘﺍﻨﻤﻟﺎﺱﻓﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻱﻭﻘﻟﺍﻻﺸﺘﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﺭﺎﺠﻟﺎـﻬﺘﺎﺍﻻﺍﻥ AMD ﺴـﺘﺎﻕﺒ
ﻰﻠﻋﺍﻘﺒﻟﺎﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻨﻤﻟﺎﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺔﺴﻓﺍﺒ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻟﺎﻬﻴﺩﻟ ﻊﺒﻁﻟﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﺎﻬﺘﺎﺍﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻨﻤﻟﺎﺔﺴﻓ.
ﻭﺍﻻﻕﻤﻌﺘﻨﻟ ﻥﺍﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﻜﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﺞﻟ:
ﻘﺘﺎﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﺱﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﺞﻟﺎـﻟ GHz ﻟﻭﻠﻌﻠﻡ
1 Gigahertz (GHz) = 1000 Megahertz = 1000000Hertz
ﻭﺍـﻟ Hertz ﻤﻜﺎﺱﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻠﻌﻴﺍﻴﺯﻴﻔﻟﺎﺀﺍﻭﺍﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻬﻜﻟﺍﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻟﻭ ﺩﺩﺭﺘﻟﺍﺭـﺒﻌﻴ ﻭﻫ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟ
ﻌﻤ ﻥﻋﺎﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﺔﺠﻟﺍﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻟﺎﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺜﻟﺎﺔﻴﻨﺍﻭﻟﺍﺓﺩﺤ.
ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﺍﻻﺒﺘﻋﺎﺭﺍﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﻥﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﺕﺴﻴﻟ ﺞﻟﺍﺩﺒﺍﺍﻭﺒﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻟﺎﻔﻜﻟ ﻰـﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺱﺎﻪـﺘﺀﺍﻭ
ﻴﻘﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻰﺘﺤﺎﺔﻋﺭﺴﻟ ﺱﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺍﻭﺍـﻟ System ﻻ لﻜﻜﻥﺍﻻﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺭﻤﺎﻴـﺸﺎﺀﺍﻯﺭـﺨ
ﺍﻴﻀﺎ
ﻨﻬﻓﺎﺩﺠ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺔﻌﻁﻗ ﻙﺍﺍﻬﻨﻋ ﻊﻤﺴﻴ لﻜﻟﺎﻲﻫﻭﺍـﻟ Cache ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻲﻫﻭﺍﺫـﻟﺍلـﻤﻌﻴ ﺓﺭﻜ
ﻰﻠﻋﺴﺔﻋﺭﺍلﺼﻭﻟﺍﻰﻟﺍﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻟﺎﺕﺍﻻﺭﺜﻜﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻤﺎﺫﻬﻟﻭﺍﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﻬﻓﺍﺩﺍﺀﺍﻅﻨﻟﺎلﻜﻜ ﻡﻲﻫﻭ
ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨ
L1 Cache ﻭ L2 Cache ﺯﻤﺭﻴﻭﺍﻑﺭﺤﻟ L ﺍﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻰﻟ Level
ﻭﺍـﻟ Level 1 cache ﻲﻫﺍﻥﻤ ﺭﻐﺼ L2 cache ﻬﻨﻜﻟﻭﺎﺍﻉﺭﺴ
ﻭﺍـﻟ Level 2 cache ﺍﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﻜ L1 cache ﺍﻻﺍﻬﻨﺎﺍﻁﺒﺎﻴﺒﺴﻨﺎ
ﻩﺫﻫﻭﺍـﻟ Cache ﻜﺎﻲﻓ ﺕﻨﺍﻻﺓﺯﻬﺠﺍﻥﻋ ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻟﺍـﻟ Processor ﺍﻻﻡـﻅﻌﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﻥ
ﺍﻻﺓﺯﻬﺠﺍﺔﻴﻨﺒﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻟﺍﻼﺼﻲﻓﺍـﻟ Processor ﻌﺒﻁﺎـﻴﺯﻟﺎﺓﺩﺍﺔﻋﺭﺴـﻟ،ﻭﺍــﻟ L1
cache لﺼﺘ ﺩﻗﺍﻰﻟ٢٥٦ﺒ ﻭﻠﻴﻜﺎﻴﺕﺍﻤﺎ L2 Cache لﺼﺘ ﺩﻗﺍﻰﻟ٢ﺠﻴﻤﺎﺒﺎـﻴﺕ،ـﻨﻫﻭﺎﻙ
ﺍﻴﻀﺎﺩﺠ ﻡﻬﻤ ﺀﺯﺠﺍﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﻴﺍﺩﺍﺀﺍﻅﻨﻟﺎﻰﻋﺩﻴ لﻜﻜ ﻡ FSB ﻭﻨﻌﻤﺎﻩ Front Side Bus ﻭـﻫﻭ
ﺍﺀﺯﺠﻟﺍﻁﺒﺭﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﺞﻟﺎﺫﻟﺍﺓﺭﻜ Memory ﺍﻭﺍـﻟ RAM
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ﻤﻠﻜﺎﻜﺎﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﺕﻨﺍـﻟ FSB ﻤﻠﻜ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﺎﺍﺫﻫ ﻯﺩﺍﺍﻰﻟﺍﺩﺍﻋ ﺀﺎﻅﻨﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﺔﻋﺭـﺴﻭ ﻡﺍﻰـﻠﻋﻲـﻓ
ﻌﻤﺎﺔﺠﻟﺍﻴﺒﻟﺎﻨﺎﺕ.ﻭﺍلﻭﺩﺠﻟﺍﺘﻟﺎﻌﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻙﻟ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻲﻟﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕﺍﻰﺘﺤ لﺘﻨﺍﻻﻥ:
M in transistors= Million
ﻤﻜﺎﻼﺘﻨﻫ ﻅﺤﺎﻙﺍﻻﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﻟﺠﺎﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺕﻠـﺼﻭ ﺩﻗ لﺘﻨ
ﺍـﻟ Cache ﺍﻰﻟ٢ﺠﻴﻤﺎﺒﺎﻴﺕ،ﻭﺍﺫـﻫ ﻲـﻓ ﺭﻜﺫـﺘ ﻡﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ
ﺍﻤﺒﺭﻭ لﻭﺩﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤ ﺭﻬﻅﻴﺎﺫﻫ ﺏﺘﻜﻨ ﻥﺤﻨﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺞﻟﺍﺍﺞﻬﻨـﻤﻟ!،
ﻭﺍﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻟﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕﺍـﻟ Pentium ﺍـﻬﺠﺘﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎ Intel ﻭ
ﻌﻤﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕ Celeron ﻲﻫﺍﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕ Celeron ﻡﺘﺍﺘﻨﺎﻬﺠﺎ
ﺽﻔﺨﻟﺍﺫﻬﻠﻓ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘﻟﺍﻜﺎﺕﻨﻤﻴﺩﻗﺎﻻـﻬﺒ ﺩـﺠﻭﺘﺎ L2 cache ،
ﻥﻜﻟﻭﺍﻻﻫ ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﺒ ﻡﻜﺭﺒﺨﻨ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻥﺎﺩﺠ ﺔﻤﺍﻤﻜﺎﻡﻭـﻠﻌﻤ ﻭﻫ
ﺍﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﺞﻟ Pentium ﻱﻭﺤﻴ L2 cache ﺍﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﺍﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻻﻲﻓ ﻥﺍـﻟ Celeron ﺍﻱﺩﻗ
لﺼﺘﺍﻰﻟ٢ﺠﻴﻤﺎﺒﺎﻴﺕﺍﻡﺍـﻟ Celeron ﻱﻭﺤﻴ ﺩﻘﻓ L2 cache ﺒﻋﺎﻥﻋ ﺓﺭ٢٥٦ﺒ ﻭﻠﻴﻜﺎـﻴﺕ
ﺍﻻﺍﻥﺍﻲﻓ ﺏﻴﺭﻐﻟﺍﻻﺭﻤﺍﻥ Celeron ﺍﻨﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺎﺴﻓﺎﻌﻤﻟﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕ Intel ﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ Pentium ﻻﻥ
ﻌﻤﺎﺞﻟ Celeron ﻱﻭﺤﻴ L2 cache ﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﺱﻔﻨﺒ لﻤﻌﺘﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎـﺒﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﺞﻟﺎـﻌﻤﻭﺎﺞﻟ Pentium
ﻱﻭﺤﻴ Cache ﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﻑﺼﻨﺒ لﻤﻌﺘﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﺞﻟ!ﺫﻬﻓﺍﻌﻤ لﻌﺠﺎﺞﻟ Celeron ﻨﻴﺎﻲﻓ ﺱﻓﺍﻻﻭﺴﺍﻕ،
ﻭﺍﻻﻥ Intel ﻌﻤﺒ ﺭﻬﻅﺘﺎﻉﻭـﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺞﻟ LGA ﻭﺘﺒ ﻲـﻨﻌﺎﺔـﻐﻠﻟﺍﻻﻠﺠﻨﺔـﻴﺯﻴ Land Grid
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Array ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒﺍﻥﺍـﻟ Pins ﺍﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻟﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﻲﻓ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻡﻟ ﺞﻟﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﻲـﻓ ﺕﻤﻤﺼ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺞﻟﺍــﻟ
Socket ﺍﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﻜﺭﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﻲﻓ ﺞﻟﺍﺔﺠﻭﻠﻟﺍﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟ.ﻫﻭﺎﺫﻬﻟ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻫﺍﺍﻉﻭﻨﻟ.
ﻑﺭﻌﻴﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎـﺒ LGA 775K ،ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺴﻨ ﻑﻭﺴﻭﺍﻻﻥﺍﻡﻫﺍﻭـﻨﺍﻉﺍــﻟ Sockets ﺍﻲـﺘﻟ
ﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﻜﺭﻴﺎﺍـﻟ Processor ﻓﻲﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻤﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫﺎﺴﺎﻘﺒﺎ LGA 775 ﻭﻫﺍـﻫﺭﺨﺎ
ﻭﺍﻫﺭﻬﺸﺎﺍﻻﻥ.
ﻨﻫﺎﻙ:
Socket 370 :ﻌﻤﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕ Intel Pentium III
Socket 423 :ﻌﺒﺽﻌﻤﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕﺍلﺘﻨﺍﺔﻋﺭﺴﺒ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻟ 2GHz ﻭﺍﺏ لﺩﺒﺘﺴ Socket 478
Socket 478 :ﻌﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕﺍﻋﺭﺴ ﻡﻋﺩﻴﻭ لﺘﻨﺎﺕ 100, 133, 200 MHz
for (FSB)
Socket 603 :ﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕ Xeon ﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ PGA ﺍﻭ Pin grid array ﻪﻨﻜﻟﻭ
ﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﻡﻋﺩﻴ 400MHz ـﻠﻟ FSB
Socket 604 :ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕ Intel Xeon ﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ PGA ﺍﻭ Pin grid array
ﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﻡﻋﺩﻴ ﻪﻨﻜﻟﻭ 533MHz ـﻠﻟ FSB
Socket A :ﻌﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴﺎﺠﻟﺎﺕ AMD
ﻭﺍﻻﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﺍﻨﻓﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﺎﻰﻠﻋﺍﻌﻤﻟﺎﻥﻤ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻊﻤ ﺞﻟﺍﺔـﻴﻘﺒ لـﻤﻜﻨ ﻑﻭـﺴ لﻴﺼﻔﺘﻟﺍـﻨﻭﻜﻤﻟﺎﺕ
ﺍﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻟﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍﻭﺍﻬﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﺍﻭﻬﺘﻴﺒﺘﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋﺎﻤﻜﺎﻲﻠﻴ
C CM MO OS S
ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺭ ﻲﻫﺍﺫﻟﺍﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻕـﻁﻨﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟ SeeMOS ﻲـﻫﻭﺍﺼـﺘﺨﺎﺭ
Complementary MetalOxide Semiconductor ﻬﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭﻭﺎﻥﻴﺯـﺨﺘ ﻲـﻫﺍﻴﺒﻟﺎـﻨﺎﺕ
ﺍﺨﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎـﻟ Hardware ﺍﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﺘ ﻥﻲﻓﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻻﻭ ﻡﺍﻴﻀﺎﺍﺘﻟﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﻴﺯﺨﺘﻭ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺕ
ﺍﺭﺴﻟﺍﺨﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟ System Password ﻼﺨﻭﻩﺫـﻫﻭ ﻪﻓﺍـﻬﺘﻴﺯﻐﺘ ﻡﺘـﻴ ﺔـﻘﻴﻗﺭﻟﺎ
ﻭﺒﺍﻁﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﺎﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺒﺜﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻏﺭﻓ ﻭﻟﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍﻁﺒﻟﺎﺩﻘﻔﺘ ﻑﻭﺴ ﺔﻴﺭﺍــﻟ
CMOS ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺍﻴﺒﻟﺎﻨﺎﺕﺍﻬﺒ ﺔﻠﺠﺴﻤﻟﺎﻭﺍﺭﺜﻜﺍﻻﻴﺸﺎﻻﺩ ﺀﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﻙﻨﻤ ﺏﻠﻁﻴﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟ
ﺍﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻘﻨﻟ F1 ﻻﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻁﺨ ﻙﺎﻲﻓﺍـﻟ CMOS ﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎﺍﺫﺍﺍﺕﺩﺭﺍﻐﻟﺎﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺀﺍﺭﺴـﻟﺍﺨﻟﺎﺔـﺼ
ﺒﺎﻅﻨﻟﺎﺒ ﻙﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﺭﻓﺍﻍﺍﻁﺒﻟﺎﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍـﻟ CMOS ﺒﺎﻁﻟﺎﺔﻗﺍﻭﻨﻫ ﺩﺠﺘﺎﻙ Jumper ﻎـﻴﺭﻔﺘﻟ
ﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤﺎﺕﺍـﻟ CMOS .
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ﺍﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ لﻜﻟﺍﺸﻟﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﺸﺎﺭﻘﻨﻴ Del ﺍﻭ F2 ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓﺍﺤﻭﻠﻟﺎﺩﺒ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺕﺍﻴلﻴﻐﺸﺘ ﺔﺍـﻬﺠﻟﺎﺯ
ﻩﺫﻫ ﻙﻟ ﺭﻬﻅﺘﺍﺸﻟﺎﺔﺸﺍﻬﺒ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﺍﺩﻋﺍﺩﺍﺕﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻻﺫﻫﻭ ﻡﺍﺍﻨﺭﺒﻟﺎﻲـﻓ ﻪﻨﻴﺯﺨﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺞﻤﺍــﻟ
BIOS ﺍﻻ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻨ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻱﺫﻟﻘﺤﺎﺫﻫﻭﺍﺍﻨﺭﺒﻟﺎﺨ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻪﺒ ﺞﻤﺎﺒ ﺹﺎﺩﻋﺍﺩﺍﺕﺍـﻟ CMOS
ﻥﻜﻟﻭﺍﺩﻴﺠ ﻡﻠﻋﺍﺍﻥﺍـﻟ CMOS ﻴﺒ ﻥﺯﺨﺘﺎﻨﺎﻗ ﺕﺎﻙﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺒﺍﻫﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻓﺎلـﺜﻤ ﺩـﻌﺒ
ﻉﻭﻨﺍـﻟ Hard Disk ﻤﻠﻜﻭﺎﺕﺍﻼﺨﻭ ﺭﺴﻟﻪﻓ.
B BI IO OS S
ﺫﻫﺍﺍﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠﻟﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻰﻋﺩﻴ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟ Basic Input/Output System ﻭﻫﻭﺍﻥـﻋ لﺅﺴـﻤﻟ
ﻥﻴﺯﺨﺘﺍﻴﺒﻟﺎﻨﺎﺕﺍﻻ ﻲﺘﻟﻬﻠﻴﺩﻌﺘ ﻡﺘﻴﺎﺱﻜﻋ ﻰﻠﻋﺍـﻟ CMOS ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒﺍﻴﺒ ﻥﺯـﺨﻴ ﻪﻨﺎـﻨﺎﺕﺍــﻟ
Hardware ﺍﻻ ﻲﺘﻟﻴﻫﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﺎﻰﻠﻋﺍﺔـﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻻﻡلـﺜﻤﺍــﻟ COMM Ports ﻼﺨﻭـﻓﻪ
ﻨﺭﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴﻭﺎﺞﻤﺍـﻟ BIOS ـﺒ Firmware ﻜﻭﺎﻤﻴﺩﻗ ﻥﺎﻻﻴﺫﻫ لﻴﺩﻌﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﺍﺍﻨﺭﺒﻟﺎـﻤ لـﻜ ﺞﻤﺎ
ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻭﻫ ﻙﻴﻠﻋﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻻﻜ ﻡﺎﻥﻜﻟﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺍﻻﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘ لﻀﻔﺒ ﻥ Flash Bios ﺍﺒ ﺢﺒﺼﺎﻻﻜﻤﺎﺔﻴﻗﺭﺘ ﺕ
ﻨﺭﺒﺎﺞﻤﺍـﻟ BIOS ﻻﻀﺎﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﻓﺍﻻﻜﻤﺎﻴﻨﺎﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻋﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺨﻟﺎﺔﻴـﺼ
ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻭﺍﻤﻌﻟــﺒ ﺔﻴﻠ Firmware Upgrade ﻭﺍﻻﻙـﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻥﺍلـﻤﻌﺒ ﻡﻭـﻘﺘ ﻥ Upgrade
ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻁﺒ
ـﻟﺍ
Jumperﻎﻴﺭﻔﺘ
ـﻟﺍCMOS
ـﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒCMOS
ـﻟﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﺒ
Motherboard
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ﻨﺭﺒﻟﺎﺞﻤﺍـﻟ Motherboard ﺍﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻟﺍـﻟ BIOS لـﻴﻤﺤﺘ ﻕـﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋﺍـﻨﺭﺒﻟﺎﻥـﻤ ﺞﻤ
ﺍﻻﻪﻠﻘﻨﻭ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﺍﻰﻟﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻨﺭﺒ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺎﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﺕﺤﺘﻭ ﻙﻟﺫﻟ ﺹﺼﺨﻤ ﺞﻤ.
ﻨﻫﻭﺎﻫ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻙﺎﺩﺠ ﺔﻤﺍﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴﺎﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺍﻴﺔﺍﺤﺘﻟﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴ لﻴﻤﺎ POST ﺍﻱ Power
On Self Test لﻤﻌﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ Check ﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﺎﺕﺍـﻟ BIOS ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﺔﻓﺍﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻰﻟﺎﺕﺍــﻟ
CMOS ﺘﻠﻟﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻲﺸ لﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻜﺎﻴﺭﺍﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻡﺍلﺒﻗﺍﻡﺘﻴ ﻥﺍﻻﻘﺘﻨﺎلﺍﻰﻟﺍــﻟ Hard Disk
ﻅﻨ لﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟﺎﻡﺍﺼﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺎﻑﺩﺍﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﺘﻭﺯﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺍﺸﻤﻟﺎﻬﻨﻤﻀ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺎﻤﻜﺎﻨﻀﺭﻋﺎﺴﺎﻘﺒﺎﺍﻡ
ـﺴﺭ ﻙﻟ ﺭﻬﻅﺘﺎﺔﻟ Please Press F1 to continue ﺍﻭ Memory Error ﺍﻭﻊﻤﺴـﺘ Beep
ﻼﺜﻤﻩﺫﻫ لﻜﺍﺸﻤﻟﺎﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﺩﻗ لﻜﺍﺫﺍﻜﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻲﻓ لﻠﺨ ﻙﺎﻥﻤﺍﻻﺯﺠﺍﺀﺍﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻭـﺠﻭﻤﻟ
ﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻻﻭ ﻡﺍـﻟ POST ﺫﻬﻟ ﻙﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘ ﻪﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭﺍﺍﻁﺨﻟﺎ.
B BU US SE ES S
ﻨﻠﺼﻭ ﺩﻘﻟﺎﺍﺩﺠ ﻡﻬﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻰﻟﺍﻲﻓﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍـﻟ Motherboard ﻭﻫﻭﺍــﻟ Buses ﺍﻭـﻨﺎﻼﻗﺕ
ﺍﻴﺒﻟﺎﻨﺎﻨﺴﻟ ﻥﺤﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ﺩﺩﺼﺒﺍﻲـﻔﻜﻴ ﻥﻜﻟﻭ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻟﺍﻡـﻬﻔﺘ ﻥﺍﺔـﻤﻠﻜ ﻥ Buses ﻲـﻨﻌﺘ
ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺍلﻘﻨ ﺕﺍﻴﺒﻟﺎﻨﺎﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟ.
ﻭﺍﻱﻲﻓ ﺀﺯﺠﺍﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻟﺴﻤ ﻪﺒﺎﺭﺍﻴﺒ لﻘﻨﻟ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺕ Data Bus .
ﻤﻜﻭﺎﻯﺭﺘﺒﺎﻻﻰﻠﻋﺜﻤﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻰ System Buses ﺍﻭ Data Buses .
ﺫﻫﻭﺍﺠﻴ ﻑﻭﺴﻌﻨﻠﺎﻲﻘﻠﻨﺍﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀﻟﺍﻭﻨﺍﻉﺍـﻟ Buses ﻲﻓﺍﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍﻜ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﻲﻟ:
FSB/BSB ﻫﻲﺒﻋﺎﻥﻴﻘﺸ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭ Front Side bus ﻤﻜﺎﺭﻗﺍﺴ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﺎﻭﻫﺍﻥـﻋ لﺅﺴـﻤﻟ
ﺍﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﻟﺍـﻟ CPU ﻭﺍﺫﻟﺍﺓﺭﻜ RAM .
ﺍﻤﺎ BSB ﻲﻔﻜﻴﺍﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﺍﻙﻠﺴﻤ ﻪﻨﺍﻭﻁلﺼﻭﻟ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﻴﺭﺍـﻟ CPU ـﺒﺎﻭﻨﺍﻥـﻤ ﺔـﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻉ
ﺍﺫﻟﺍﺓﺭﻜ RAM ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟﻭ FSB ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘﺍﻉﺭﺴ BUS ﻲﻓﺍﻅﻨﻟﺎلﻜﻜ ﻡﻭ ،ﻨﻫﺎﻉﻭﻨ ﻙﺍﻥﻤ ﺭﺨﺍـﻟ
PCI Slots
ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁﺒ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘﻟPCI
Processor
System Bus
ﺞﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻁﺒﺭﻴ ﻡﻻﺍ ﺔﺤﻭﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺕﺭﺎﻜﻭﺭﺨﺁ ﺕﺭﺎﻜ ﻱﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺔﺸﺎﺸﻟﺍ
ﺫﻔﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋPCI
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BUSES ﻭﻫ I/O BUSES لﻘﻨ ﻥﻋ لﺅﺴﻤ ﻭﻫﻭﺍﻴﺒﻟﺎﻨﺎﺕﺍﻻﺴﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻥﻴﺒﺍﺯـﺠﺍﺀﺍﺔـﺤﻭﻠﻟ
ﺍلﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍـﻟ Keyboard ﻭﺍـﻟ Mouse ﺍﺀﻲﻁﺒ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺦﻟ.
ISA ﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺒﻁﻟﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺕﻌﻤﺎﻼﻗﺕﺍﻴﺒﻟﺎـﻨﺎﺕﺍﻭﺍــﻟ Expansion Slots ﺍﻲـﺘﻟ
ﺍﻲﻓ ﺕﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻻﺓﺯﻬﺠﺍﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻟ Industry Standard Architecture .
ﻤﻜﻭﺎﻲﻓ ﻯﺭﺘﺍلﻜﺸ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻟ ISA Slots
PCI Slots ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻲﻫﺍـﻟ Slots ﻡﺘﺍﻜﺘﺒﺎﺔﻜﺭﺸ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭ Intel ﻋﺎﻡ١٩٩٣ﻭـﻫﻭﺍﻻﻥ
ﻥﻤﺍﺭﺜﻜﺍـﻟ Buses ﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻤﺎﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﺘﺤﺍﻲـﻨﻌﻴ ﻭـﻫﻭ ﺔﻅﺤﻠﻟ Peripheral Component
Interconnect .
ﻤﻜﻭﺎﺭﺘﻯﺒﺎﺓﺭﻭﺼﻟلﻜﺸﺍـﻟ PCI Slots ﺍﻰﺘﺤ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍﻻﻥ