Este documento presenta una introducción a diferentes modelos de procesos de desarrollo de software, incluyendo:
1. Modelos secuenciales como el lineal y por etapas, así como el modelo DRA.
2. Modelos evolutivos como el incremental, concurrente y en espiral.
3. Modelos ágiles como eXtreme Programming (XP), Scrum y Crystal.
Se provee una descripción breve de las características clave de cada modelo.
The document contains profiles of 7 students between the ages of 12-14, listing their names, ages, ambitions, and hobbies. The ambitions include neurologist, businesswoman, chemist, badminton player, automobile engineer, joining the military by becoming an officer in the National Defence Academy, and becoming an army officer. Their hobbies include reading, dancing, table tennis, badminton, cricket, swimming, and various sports.
The document discusses a sliding hub used for a variable belt drive on agricultural harvesters. The initial hub design, made of ductile cast iron, experienced fatigue failures during testing. A new reinforced design was introduced with improved fatigue resistance using ADI 1050 material instead, which no longer required surface hardening treatment. Future applications at CNH will look to use ADI material for parts requiring higher strength in small spaces, possible cost reductions where surface treatments are now unnecessary, and for parts experiencing wear or where weight reduction is needed.
The document discusses machining of austempered ductile iron (ADI) and presents challenges and solutions. It covers fundamentals of metal cutting, shear zones during chip formation, cutting forces, wear formation when turning ductile iron and ADI, comparison of cutting forces between ADI grades and quenched steel, stages of chip formation for ADI, influence of material hardness on tool wear and life, and optimization of tool life through emulsion use, feed and cutting speed selection, and tool geometry selection. The goal is to determine contact fatigue of different ADI types and cast steels through disk-on-disk and back-to-back testing.
This document discusses experimental testing performed on gear samples made of austempered ductile iron (ADI) grade JS/800-10. Three key points:
1) Tooth bending strength and surface durability tests were conducted on ADI JS/800-10 gear samples.
2) Results for ADI JS/800-10 were comparable to nitrided EN-GJS 700-2 in terms of tooth bending strength and surface durability.
3) ADI JS/800-10 shows potential for substitution of nitrided EN-GJS 700-2 in precision planetary gearboxes.
The document summarizes an event called ADI DAYS 2016 that took place from October 6-7th in Minerbe. It discusses the history of austempering technology and ductile iron production since the 1930s. The event brought together 88 people from 16 nations, 46 companies, 6 universities, and 4 institutes working in 15 market sectors to discuss austempering as a technology for material substitution and how to best develop quality austempered ductile iron castings to meet customer needs globally.
The document discusses the fatigue behavior of as-cast and austempered ductile irons. It presents results from rotating bending tests conducted on specimens of various grades of ductile iron (ADI 900, ADI 1050, ADI 1200) that were either as-cast or austempered. The tests aimed to determine the fatigue limit of the materials. Analysis of the results showed that austempering improved the fatigue resistance, with ADI 1050 and ADI 1200 exhibiting higher fatigue limits than ADI 900 or the as-cast ductile iron. Examination of failed specimens also revealed that samples with higher fatigue resistance contained non-propagating cracks that were shorter than in weaker materials. Finally, the
1) The document presents experimental research on the effects of strain rate and temperature on the flow stress of austempered ductile iron (ADI).
2) Quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests were conducted on ADI 1050-6 at temperatures ranging from -60°C to 70°C and strain rates from 0.001/s to 1200/s.
3) The results show that yield stress increases with higher strain rates and temperatures affect the work hardening rate. A constitutive model is developed that accurately describes the material behavior.
The document discusses the meaning and objectives of explaining skills for teachers, noting that explanation is based on relating new knowledge to students' prior understanding using descriptive, interpretive, or reason-giving explanations. It also outlines the key components of effective explanations, including accurate language, clear pronunciation, fluency, and stressing main points, as well as maxims teachers should follow like moving from concrete to abstract and known to unknown.
This document discusses a presentation about advanced cast iron as a lightweight and materials efficiency solution. It begins with an introduction to advanced cast iron as a designed material where its microstructure and properties can be tailored. It then discusses lightweight design in automotive and how reducing vehicle weight can increase fuel efficiency and decrease emissions. Advanced cast iron is presented as a lightweight solution due to its high strength and ductility. The document explores materials efficiency and how process characteristics can be optimized in the design process, with advanced cast iron allowing properties to be tailored through heat treatment.
EIT Raw Materials is a partnership supported by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) to enhance raw materials innovation in Europe. It brings together businesses, universities and research centers to foster entrepreneurship, education, and new solutions for raw materials challenges. The document provides information on EIT Raw Materials' goals of creating new businesses, boosting the raw materials sector, and shifting education paradigms through entrepreneurship programs. It also describes various activities, funding instruments, and a business ideas competition to support entrepreneurs and startups in the raw materials field.
Тысячели́стник (лат. Achilléa) — крупный род растений семейства Астровые, или Сложноцветные, включает около 150 видов. Тысячелистник обыкновенный представляет собой многолетнее, сложноцветное, невысокое, душистое растение. Корневище растения толстое, желтого окраса, имеющее множество корней и подземных побегов. У растения имеется прямостоячий стебель, слабо ветвящийся в верхней его части. На невысоком стебле располагаются очередные листья серо-зеленого цвета, бывающие голыми или опушенными. На нижней стороне у листьев имеются масляные железки. На верху стебля находится соцветие, состоящее из множества мелких цветочных корзинок. Плод растения – семянка продолговатой формы, окрашенная в серебристо-серый цвет. Растение зацветает в период с начала лета до начала осени. Плоды созревают в сентябре-октябре.
Este documento presenta una introducción a diferentes modelos de procesos de desarrollo de software, incluyendo:
1. Modelos secuenciales como el lineal y por etapas, así como el modelo DRA.
2. Modelos evolutivos como el incremental, concurrente y en espiral.
3. Modelos ágiles como eXtreme Programming (XP), Scrum y Crystal.
Se provee una descripción breve de las características clave de cada modelo.
The document contains profiles of 7 students between the ages of 12-14, listing their names, ages, ambitions, and hobbies. The ambitions include neurologist, businesswoman, chemist, badminton player, automobile engineer, joining the military by becoming an officer in the National Defence Academy, and becoming an army officer. Their hobbies include reading, dancing, table tennis, badminton, cricket, swimming, and various sports.
The document discusses a sliding hub used for a variable belt drive on agricultural harvesters. The initial hub design, made of ductile cast iron, experienced fatigue failures during testing. A new reinforced design was introduced with improved fatigue resistance using ADI 1050 material instead, which no longer required surface hardening treatment. Future applications at CNH will look to use ADI material for parts requiring higher strength in small spaces, possible cost reductions where surface treatments are now unnecessary, and for parts experiencing wear or where weight reduction is needed.
The document discusses machining of austempered ductile iron (ADI) and presents challenges and solutions. It covers fundamentals of metal cutting, shear zones during chip formation, cutting forces, wear formation when turning ductile iron and ADI, comparison of cutting forces between ADI grades and quenched steel, stages of chip formation for ADI, influence of material hardness on tool wear and life, and optimization of tool life through emulsion use, feed and cutting speed selection, and tool geometry selection. The goal is to determine contact fatigue of different ADI types and cast steels through disk-on-disk and back-to-back testing.
This document discusses experimental testing performed on gear samples made of austempered ductile iron (ADI) grade JS/800-10. Three key points:
1) Tooth bending strength and surface durability tests were conducted on ADI JS/800-10 gear samples.
2) Results for ADI JS/800-10 were comparable to nitrided EN-GJS 700-2 in terms of tooth bending strength and surface durability.
3) ADI JS/800-10 shows potential for substitution of nitrided EN-GJS 700-2 in precision planetary gearboxes.
The document summarizes an event called ADI DAYS 2016 that took place from October 6-7th in Minerbe. It discusses the history of austempering technology and ductile iron production since the 1930s. The event brought together 88 people from 16 nations, 46 companies, 6 universities, and 4 institutes working in 15 market sectors to discuss austempering as a technology for material substitution and how to best develop quality austempered ductile iron castings to meet customer needs globally.
The document discusses the fatigue behavior of as-cast and austempered ductile irons. It presents results from rotating bending tests conducted on specimens of various grades of ductile iron (ADI 900, ADI 1050, ADI 1200) that were either as-cast or austempered. The tests aimed to determine the fatigue limit of the materials. Analysis of the results showed that austempering improved the fatigue resistance, with ADI 1050 and ADI 1200 exhibiting higher fatigue limits than ADI 900 or the as-cast ductile iron. Examination of failed specimens also revealed that samples with higher fatigue resistance contained non-propagating cracks that were shorter than in weaker materials. Finally, the
1) The document presents experimental research on the effects of strain rate and temperature on the flow stress of austempered ductile iron (ADI).
2) Quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests were conducted on ADI 1050-6 at temperatures ranging from -60°C to 70°C and strain rates from 0.001/s to 1200/s.
3) The results show that yield stress increases with higher strain rates and temperatures affect the work hardening rate. A constitutive model is developed that accurately describes the material behavior.
The document discusses the meaning and objectives of explaining skills for teachers, noting that explanation is based on relating new knowledge to students' prior understanding using descriptive, interpretive, or reason-giving explanations. It also outlines the key components of effective explanations, including accurate language, clear pronunciation, fluency, and stressing main points, as well as maxims teachers should follow like moving from concrete to abstract and known to unknown.
This document discusses a presentation about advanced cast iron as a lightweight and materials efficiency solution. It begins with an introduction to advanced cast iron as a designed material where its microstructure and properties can be tailored. It then discusses lightweight design in automotive and how reducing vehicle weight can increase fuel efficiency and decrease emissions. Advanced cast iron is presented as a lightweight solution due to its high strength and ductility. The document explores materials efficiency and how process characteristics can be optimized in the design process, with advanced cast iron allowing properties to be tailored through heat treatment.
EIT Raw Materials is a partnership supported by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) to enhance raw materials innovation in Europe. It brings together businesses, universities and research centers to foster entrepreneurship, education, and new solutions for raw materials challenges. The document provides information on EIT Raw Materials' goals of creating new businesses, boosting the raw materials sector, and shifting education paradigms through entrepreneurship programs. It also describes various activities, funding instruments, and a business ideas competition to support entrepreneurs and startups in the raw materials field.
Тысячели́стник (лат. Achilléa) — крупный род растений семейства Астровые, или Сложноцветные, включает около 150 видов. Тысячелистник обыкновенный представляет собой многолетнее, сложноцветное, невысокое, душистое растение. Корневище растения толстое, желтого окраса, имеющее множество корней и подземных побегов. У растения имеется прямостоячий стебель, слабо ветвящийся в верхней его части. На невысоком стебле располагаются очередные листья серо-зеленого цвета, бывающие голыми или опушенными. На нижней стороне у листьев имеются масляные железки. На верху стебля находится соцветие, состоящее из множества мелких цветочных корзинок. Плод растения – семянка продолговатой формы, окрашенная в серебристо-серый цвет. Растение зацветает в период с начала лета до начала осени. Плоды созревают в сентябре-октябре.
Многолетний сильноветвящийся кустарник, обладающий многими полезными целебными свойствами. Издавна применялась как средство от кашля, а также в качестве потогонного, жаропонижающего и уменьшающего отделение мокроты средства.
Ноготки лекарственные, или календула лекарственная — травянистое растение, вид рода Календула семейства Астровые.Строение,ботаническое описание,таксономия, лекарственное применение ,распространение.
3. Многолетнее травянистое растение, хорошо известное как
лекарственное. В основном используется как адаптоген и
в качестве общетонизирующего лекарственного средства.
В Корее и Китае корень женьшеня также используют в
приготовлении пищи. Традиционная китайская медицина
утверждает, что препараты женьшеня продлевают жизнь и
молодость.
4. Органы
растения
Описание
Корень Корень у женьшеня стержневой,
веретенообразный, ветвящийся, длина корня до
25 см, толщина 0,7—2,5 см, с 2—5 крупными
разветвлениями. «Тело» корня утолщённое,
почти цилиндрическое, вверху с ясно
выраженными кольцевыми утолщениями
Листья и
стебель
Пальчато-сложные
длинночерешковые листья женьшеня сходятся
в мутовку на вершине стебля, высота которого
30—70 см.
Плоды Ярко-красная костянка с 2 плоскими семенами.
6. Род имеет разорванный ареал, основная часть
которого находится на востоке Азии (Дальний
Восток, Китай, Тибет, Алтай), а один вид
(женьшень пятилистный) произрастает на
востоке Северной Америки. Ареал женьшеня
вьетнамского охватывает Центральный горный
район Вьетнама.
7. Растение оказывает тонизирующее и
болеутоляющее действие на организм.
Женьшень повышает работоспособность,
выводит желчь и улучшает газообмен в
легких. Благодаря лекарственному действию
женьшеня нормализуется артериальное
давление, повышается функция эндокринной
системы, снижается сахар в крови.
Женьшень оказывает успокаивающее действие
при неврозах и стрессах. Растение применяют
при умственном и физическом
перенапряжении, при депрессиях и гипотонии.