The document describes a new method for producing high-quality graphene via microwave reduction of solution-exfoliated graphene oxide. The method exposes graphene oxide dispersed in water to microwave radiation, which causes the material to reduce and form graphene with fewer defects and improved properties compared to previous exfoliation techniques. The microwave reduction process is more efficient and scalable than conventional thermal or chemical reduction methods. It results in graphene with improved structural and electronic properties suitable for applications in materials, electronics and energy storage and conversion devices.