مذكرة صيانة الحاسب
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
ﻫـ ١٤٢٤ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻌﺔ
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
salehkey@yahoo.com
salehkey@hotmail.com
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
Computer
–
–
–
(١-١) ﺸﻜل
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
Personal Computer ( PC ) : – ١
Microcomputer
( Server Computer ) : - ٢
Client
( mainframe ) : - ٣
( workstations ) - ٤
- 5. - ٥ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
( Control Computer ) : - ٥
Byte
Bits
11000110
: ( Byte )
Bits
: ( K.B )
K.B
(٣
١٠)
: (M.B)
(٦
١٠)M.B
: ( G.B )
(٩
١٠)
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
( Hard Ware ) ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ·
…
( Soft Ware ) ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ·
: Hard Ware
Hard Ware
Soft Ware
Input Units ﺍﻹﺩﺨﺎل ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕOutput Unitsﺍﻹﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕSYSTEM UNIT ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ
MOUSE ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ
KEY BOARD ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻭﺤﺔ
SCANNER ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺢ
LIGHT PEN ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻡ
JOYSTICK ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﻋﺼﺎ
MICROPHONE ﺍﻟﻼﻗﻁ
CAMERA ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍ
SCREEN ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ
PRINTER ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ
PLOTTER ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺴﻤﺔ
SPEAKERS ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ
MOTHER BOARD ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ
MAIN MEMORY (RAM /ROM) : ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ
HARD DISK ( )ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ
FLOPPY DISK DRIVE ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﻤﺸﻐل
LAZER DISK DRIVE ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺯﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ ﻤﺸﻐل
DATA BUSES ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻨﻭﺍﻗل
POWER SUPPLY ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ
HARD WARE CARDS ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻜﺭﻭﺕ
CASE ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
Input Units
keyboard
DIN
PS/2
USB-
Mouse
PS/2 -
Serial Port
USB -
Scanner
Parallel Port
USB -
SCSIPort
LIGHT PEN
Serial Port
JOYSTICK
Game Port
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
MICROPHONE
CAMERA
USB
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
Output Units
Monitor or Screen
Printer
Parallel Port
Serial Port
Plotter
Parallel Port
Serial Port
Speakers
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
SYSTEM UNIT
Desk Top–
Tower Case–
ATATX
(٣-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل (٢-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل (١-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
Female Connectors
Male Connectors
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
PS/2
serial port
parallel port
–
PS/2
DIN
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
Rj-45 :
twisted pair
USB–
Universal Serial Bus
SCSI port
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
1
IDE
–
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
–
–
pic connectors
- 15. - ١٥ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
: MOTHER BOARD ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ ١-ﻭﺤﺩﺓ
:ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ( MOTHER BOARD) ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔÃ
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
.
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
:( MOTHER BOARD)ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺔ ﺸﻜلÃ
: (MOTHER BOARD)ﺍﻷﻡ ﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕÃ
Secondary IDEPrimary IDE
(FLOPPY DISK DRIVER)
(MEMORY)
KEYBOARDPORT–
MOUSEPORT
LPT1PORT
SLOT EXPANSION
CHIPSET
BIOS
CMOS
.(PROCESSOR SOCKET)–
JUMPER)
(٦-٢) ﺸﻜل
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
(BIOS)ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻹﺩﺨﺎل ﻨﻅﺎﻡÃ
Basic Input Output System
(٧-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
power on self testPOST
beep code
–beep codes
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
ROM)
POST
BIOS
del
PHOENIX
AWARD
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
ﺴﻴﻤﻭﺱ (CMOS) ﺭﻗﺎﻗﺎﺕÃ
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semi-Conductor
·
del
·
·
VGA EGAVGA ·
·
·
CLR CMOS ·
- 20. - ٢٠ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
ﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﺮﺟﻌﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻳﻮﺱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﲣﺰﻥ : ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻳﻮﺱ ﺭﻗﺎﻗﺔ
. ﺎﲟﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﲢﺘﻔﻆ ﺣﱴ
ﺇﱃ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻳﻮﺱ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ "CMOS" ﺳﻴﻤﻮﺱ ﺭﻗﺎﻗﺔ
.ﺎﲟﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﲢﺘﻔﻆ ﺣﱴ ﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﲢﺘﺎﺝ ، ﺫﻟﻚ
: ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻴﻭﺱ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓÃ
F2Delsetup
(١٠-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
- 21. - ٢١ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
:( Phoenix )ﻓﻭﻨﻴﻜﺱ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻴﻭﺱ
(F2setup
: ﻫﻲ ﻓﻮﻧﻴﻜﺲ ﺑﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻳﻮﺱ ﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻫﻢ
ﺭﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺍﶈﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻗﻼﻉ -١
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ -٢
ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ -٣
MainF2
Main
BA
ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﳌﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﻭﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺃﻥ ﻻﺣﻆ
ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ
- 22. - ٢٢ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
(Boot) ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻹﻗﻼﻉ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩÃ
Boot
( ١٢-٢ ) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
Security
"AWARD "ﺃﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻴﻭﺱÃ
DelAWARDsetup
- 23. - ٢٣ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
·
(١٣-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
- 24. - ٢٤ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
(١٤-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻓﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ·
(١٤-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
(١٥-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻓﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻴﻭﺱ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ·
(١٥-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
- 25. - ٢٥ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
(١٦-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻓﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ setup ﻟﻠـ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺱ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ·
(١٦-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
(١٧-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻓﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ ·
(١٧-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
- 26. - ٢٦ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
(١٨-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻓﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ BIOS ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ·
(١٨-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
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: shamel.net ………………………………… :
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT : ( CPU )ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ -٢
ARITHMETIC & LOGIC UNIT
CONTROL UNIT (CU
.
MHz
- 28. - ٢٨ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ؟ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺒﻤﺎﺫﺍÃ
: ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ( ١ )
: ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗل ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ( ٢ )
FSB
: Cache Memory ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺒﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺤﺠﻡ ( ٣ )
: ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ Cache ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ
- 29. - ٢٩ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
L2
L1L1
L2
: ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ 80xxx ﻋﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ - ﺃ
80286 - 80386 - 80486 - 80486DX2 – 80468DX4
: ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺘﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺏ-ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ
P-75، P-90 ، P-120 ، P-133 ، P-166 ،P-200
MMX – 166 ، MMX – 200 ،MMX – 233
: ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺘﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺝ-ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ
PII- 200، PII- 233، PII-266، PII-300، PII-333، PII-350،
PII- 366 ، PII-450…
: ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺘﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ -ﺩ
PIII-450 ، PIII-500 ، PIII-550، PIII-600، PIII-650، PIII-700
PIII-750 ، PIII-800 ، PIII-850 PIII-933 ، PIII-1000
: ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺘﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ -ﻫـ
PIIII-1000 ، PIIII-1100، PIIII-1200 ، PIIII-1300 ، PIIII-1400 ،
PIIII-1500، PIIII-1600، PIII-1700، PIIII-1800، PIII-2000
PIIII-2200 ، PIIII-2400، PIIII-2600 ، PIIII-3000…………….
- 30. - ٣٠ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
: MAIN MEMORY -٣
: ﻫﻤﺎ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺃ-ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ
1MB -2MB -4MB - 8MB - 16 MB -32 MB -64 MB - 128 MB-256 MB-512 MB
:(RAM) ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺸﺭﺍﺌﺢ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ
SIMM
(٢٢-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
- 31. - ٣١ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
DIMM DIMM
SIMM
(٢٣-٢) ﺍﻟﺸﻜل
READ ONLY MEMORY ( ROM ) : - ﺏ
BIOS
؟ ROM ﻭ RAM
RAMROM
- 32. - ٣٢ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
HARD DISK ( ) - ٤
10GB
160GB
10Ms
: ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺹ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ
IDE
Power Supply
IDE
Slave Master
(٢٥-٢) ﺸﻜل
(٢٤-٢) ﺸﻜل
- 33. - ٣٣ -
: shamel.net ………………………………… :
:
Small Computer System Interface: SCSI ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ
SCSI
Integrated Drive Electronics:IDE ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ
SlaveMaster
secondary Primary
Primary Master , Primary Slave , Secondary Master , Secondary Master
Primary Master
Secondary Master CDROM
IDE