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‫‪Angiotension-Converting‬‬                 ‫‪o‬‬                                          ‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎﻋﻔﺎت:‬
                                                      ‫‪Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors‬ھذا اﻟﻌﻼج‬                          ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم اﻟﻐﻳر ﻣﺗﺣﻛم ﺑﻪ ﻗد ﻳؤدي‬       ‫‪Ø‬‬
                                                      ‫ﻳﺳﺎﻋد ﻋﻠﻲ ھدوء اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ ﻋن طرﻳق‬                                     ‫إﻟﻰ:ﺗﺣطم اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ.‬
                                                          ‫ﻣﻧﻊ ﺗﻛوﻳن ﺑﻌض اﻟﻛﻳﻣﺎﺋﻳﺎت اﻟطﺑﻳﻌﻳﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ‬                                         ‫ﻣﺷﺎﻛل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻠب.‬     ‫‪Ø‬‬
                                                                ‫ﺗﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﺿﻳﻳق اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ .‬             ‫اﻧﺳداد أو اﻧﻔﺟﺎر اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺦ ﻣﻣﺎ‬      ‫‪Ø‬‬
                                                      ‫:‪Calcium antagonists‬ھذه اﻷﻧواع ﻣن‬                 ‫‪o‬‬                        ‫ﻳؤدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﺳﺗﺔ اﻟدﻣﺎﻏﻳﺔ.‬
                                                       ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎت ﺗﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﮫدﺋﺔ ﻋﺿﻼت اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ‬                   ‫ﺿﻌف أو ﺿﻳق اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﻠﻰ ﻣﻣﺎ‬           ‫‪Ø‬‬
                                                        ‫اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ. وﺑﻌض ﻣن ھذه اﻷﻧواع ﺗﺧﻔض ﻣن‬                              ‫ﻳؤدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻳص و وظﻳﻔﺔ اﻟﻛﻠﻰ.‬
                                                         ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ ﻧﺑﺿﺎت اﻟﻘﻠب .ﻳﻘوم اﻟطﺑﻳب ﺑوﺻف‬                  ‫ﺿﻳق أو ﺳﻣك ﻓﻲ اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻳن ﻣﻣﺎ‬         ‫‪Ø‬‬
                                                          ‫ﺑﻌض ﻣن ھذه اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﻳر ﻟﻠوﺻول ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗوى‬                                       ‫ﻳؤدي إﻟﻰ ﻓﻘدان اﻟﺑﺻر.‬
                                                      ‫اﻟﻣطﻠوب ﻣن ﺿﻐط اﻟدم. ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋدم ﺗﺣﺳن‬                   ‫ﺧﻠل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎت اﻻﻳﺿﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺳم اﻹﻧﺳﺎن.‬          ‫‪Ø‬‬
                                                          ‫ﻣﺳﺗوى ﺿﻐط اﻟدم ﻓﮫﻧﺎك أﻧواع اﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎت‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮﺓ ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ، ﻭ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬                ‫اﻟدواﺋﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﻛن اﻻﺳﺗﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﮫﺎ أﻳﺿﺎ ً .‬                                                       ‫اﻟﻌﻼج:‬
                ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬                        ‫‪Direct Vasodilators‬ﻳﻌﻣل ھذا اﻟﻌﻼج‬               ‫‪o‬‬      ‫أﻓﺿل طرﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻲ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم ھو ﺗﻐﻳﻳر‬
                                                       ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻧﻊ ﺷد اﻟﻌﺿﻼت اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟدار‬                                                    ‫ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺣﻳﺎة اﻟﻳوﻣﻲ.‬
                                                             ‫اﻟﺷراﻳﻳن وﻣﻧﻊ ﺿﻳق اﻟﺷراﻳﻳن ﻧﻔﺳﮫﺎ .‬                                  ‫ﺑﻌض أﻧواع اﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎت اﻟدواﺋﻳﺔ:‬
             ‫إﻋﺪاد وﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ:‬                              ‫‪Central-acting agents‬ھذه اﻷﻧواع‬                ‫‪o‬‬    ‫‪ o‬ﻣدرات اﻟﺑول :ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن اﻟدواء ﻳﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
                                                     ‫ﺗﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻧﻊ اﻟﻣﺦ ﻣن إرﺳﺎل اﻟﻣؤﺷرات إﻟﻲ‬                    ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻰ ﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة اﻟﺟﺳم ﻓﻲ ﺗﺧﻔﻳض ﻣﺳﺗوى‬
                                                           ‫اﻟﺟﮫﺎز اﻟﻌﺻﺑﻲ ﻟزﻳﺎدة ﺿرﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻠب أو‬              ‫اﻟﺻودﻳوم واﻟﻣﻳﺎه ﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳل ﺣﺟم اﻟدم ﻓﻲ اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ.‬
                                                                            ‫ﺗﺿﻳﻳق اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ .‬
                                                            ‫‪Alpha- Blocker‬ﺗﻘوم ﺑﻣﻧﻊ اﻧﻘﺑﺎض‬              ‫‪o‬‬    ‫‪Beta-blocker o‬ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﻌﻼج ﻳﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻲ‬
                                                         ‫اﻟﻌﺿﻼت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷراﻳﻳن اﻟﺻﻐﻳرة وﺗﻘﻠل ﻣن‬                      ‫ﻣﻧﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﻳر ﺑﻌض اﻟﻛﻳﻣﺎﺋﻳﺎت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻐدة‬
                                   ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ‬               ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻳر ﺑﻌض أﻧواع اﻟﻛﻳﻣﺎﺋﻳﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗؤدي إﻟﻲ‬            ‫اﻷدرﻳﻧﺎﻟﻳن. وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺳﺎﻋد اﻟﻘﻠب ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺧﻔﻘﺎن‬
                                                                            ‫ﺗﺿﻳﻳق اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ .‬
 ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻚ‬                                                                                               ‫ﺑﺷﻛل أﺑطﺊ وأھدأ.‬
           ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ )ﻳﺘﺼﺮﻑ(‬
        ‫‪www.mayoclinic.com‬‬
‫اﻟﺗﺷﺧﻳص و اﻟﻛﺷف:‬                                ‫اﻟﻌواﻣل اﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛن ﺗﻔﺎدﻳﮫﺎ:‬                       ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻧﻘﺻد ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم؟‬
                                                            ‫زﻳﺎدة اﻟوزن)اﻟﺳﻣﻧﺔ(، ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﻧﺷﺎط، اﻟﺗدﺧﻳن، وﻛﺛرة‬
  ‫ﻳﻘﺎس ﺿﻐط اﻟدم ﻋن طرﻳق ﻋن ﺟﮫﺎز ﺿﻐط اﻟدم و‬                         ‫ﺗﻧﺎول اﻟﺻودﻳوم وﺗﻧﺎول اﻟﻛﺣول، واﻟﺗوﺗر.‬         ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم ) اﻟﺗوﺗر اﻟﻌﺻﺑﻲ ( أو ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟذي ﻳﻌطﻲ ﻗراءﺗﺎن، اﻟﻘراءة اﻟﻌﻠوﻳﺔ و ھﻲ أرﻗﺎم ﺗﻘﻳس‬                                                                  ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺗل اﻟﺻﺎﻣت ھو ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﺣدث ﻋن زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
      ‫اﻟﺿﻐط ﺑﺎﻟﺷراﻳﻳن ﻋﻧد اﻧﻘﺑﺎض اﻟﻘﻠب، و اﻟﻘراءة‬                     ‫اﻟﻌواﻣل اﻟﺗﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻣﻛن ﺗﻔﺎدﻳﮫﺎ:‬                                            ‫اﻟﺷراﻳﻳن ﻟﻣرور اﻟدم.‬
‫اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘﻳس اﻟﺷراﻳﻳن ﻋﻧد ارﺗﺧﺎء اﻟﻘﻠب. و ﻳﻘﺎس‬       ‫• اﻟﻌﻣر: ﺗزﻳد ﻓرص اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬                      ‫وھﻧﺎك ﻧوﻋﺎن ﻣن اﻟﺿﻐط ﻳﺗم ﻗﻳﺎﺳﮫﺎ، اﻟﺿﻐط‬
                                    ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻠﺗر اﻟزﺋﺑﻘﻲ.‬                                 ‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺗﻘدم اﻟﻌﻣر.‬        ‫اﻻﻧﻘﺑﺎﺿﻲ ‪ Systolic‬وﻳﻘﺎس ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻳﻧﻘﺑض اﻟﻘﻠب أﺛﻧﺎء‬
                                                         ‫• اﻟﻌرق: ﻳﻧﺗﺷر ﺿﻐط اﻟدم اﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﻳن اﻷﺟﻧﺎس‬           ‫ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ اﻟﺿﺦ، واﻟﺿﻐط اﻻﻧﺑﺳﺎطﻲ ‪ Diastolic‬وﻳﻘﺎس‬
  ‫و ﻗد ﻗﺳﻣت ﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﻠب و اﻟرﺋﺔ و اﻟدم اﻟوطﻧﻳﺔ )‬                ‫اﻟﺳﻣراء اﻟﻠون أﻛﺛر ﻣن اﻟﺑﻳﺿﺎء اﻟﻠون.‬              ‫ﻋﻧد اﺳﺗرﺧﺎء اﻟﻘﻠب ﻻﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎل اﻟدم اﻟﻘﺎدم ﻣن اﻟﺟﺳم.‬
‫اﻟوﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة( ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 3002 ﻗراءات اﻟﺿﻐط إﻟﻰ‬           ‫• اﻟﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻣرﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ: ﻳﻌد ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬
                                        ‫ﻋدة أﻗﺳﺎم‬                              ‫ﻣن اﻷﻣراض اﻟوراﺛﻳﺔ.‬                                                     ‫اﻷﺳﺑﺎب‬
                                                                                                               ‫ﺣﺳب اﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ اﻷﻣرﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻠب، ﻓﺎن ﻣﺎ ﻧﺳﺑﺗﻪ 09 إﻟﻰ‬
  ‫اﻟرﻗم اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬     ‫اﻟرﻗم اﻟﻌﻠوي‬         ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬                                                                    ‫59 ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣن ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم ﻳﻌود إﻟﻰ أﺳﺑﺎ ب‬
                                                                               ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت واﻷﻋراض:‬
       ‫57-08‬         ‫511-021‬         ‫اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟطﺑﻳﻌﻲ‬                                                               ‫ﻏﻳر ﻣﻌروﻓﺔ و ﺑﮫذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺳﻣﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬
                                                               ‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن أن ﻳﻌﻳش ﻣرﻳض ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬
                                                                                                               ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻲ ) اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻲ (، و ﻳزﻳد ﺗدرﻳﺟﻳﺎ ﺑﻣرور اﻟوﻗت.‬
       ‫08-98‬         ‫021-931‬                ‫ﻣﺗوﺳطﺔ‬       ‫ﻟﺳﻧوات ﻋدﻳدة دون ظﮫور ﻋﻼﻣﺎت أو أﻋراض ﻋﻠﻳﻪ،‬
                                                                                                                ‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻳﺔ ال 5 إﻟﻰ 01 ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺗﻌود ﻷﺳﺑﺎب ﻣﺣدده و‬
       ‫09-99‬         ‫041-951‬          ‫ﺿﻐط ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ1‬                     ‫و ﻟﻛن ﻗد ﻳﺻﺎﺣﺑﻪ ﺑﻌض اﻷﻋراض ﻣﺛل:‬
                                                                                                                ‫ھذا ﻣﺎ ﻧطﻠق ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي، و ھذا‬
                                                                                           ‫• اﻟﺻداع‬
   ‫001 أو أﻛﺛر‬       ‫061او أﻛﺛر‬       ‫ﺿﻐط ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ2‬                                                              ‫اﻟﻧوع ﻳﺣدث ﻓﺟﺄة و ﻳﺳﺑب ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺿﻐط اﻛﺑر ﻣن‬
                                                                                       ‫• ﻧزﻳف اﻷﻧف‬
                                                                                                                                                     ‫اﻟﻧوع اﻷول.‬
        ‫ﻗد ﺗﺧﺗﻠف ھذه اﻟﻣؤﺷرات ﻣن ﺷﺧص إﻟﻲ آﺧر‬                  ‫• اﻟﻐﺛﻳﺎن ﺧﺻوﺻﺎ ﻋن ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬
                                                                                                               ‫و ﻣن اﻷﺳﺑﺎب اﻟﺗﻲ ﻣﻣﻛن أن ﺗؤدي إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط‬
                                                                                    ‫ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎ ﺧطﻳرا‬
                                                                                                                ‫اﻟدم اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي: ﻣﺷﺎﻛل اﻟﻛﻠﻰ، اﻷورام، و ﺑﻌض ﻣﺷﺎﻛل‬
                                                                               ‫• ﺳرﻋﺔ ﻧﺑﺿﺎت اﻟﻘﻠب‬
                                                                                                                                                           ‫اﻟﻘﻠب.‬
                                                                          ‫• ﻗد ﻳﺣدث طﻧﻳﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷذﻧﻳن.‬
                                                                                                                 ‫و ﻣن اﻟﻣﮫم ذﻛره أن ﺑﻌض أﻧواع اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﻣوﺻوﻓﺔ‬
                                                                          ‫• ﻗد ﻳﺣث ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت ﻋﺿﻠﻳﺔ‬
                                                                                                                 ‫ﺗؤدي إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي، ﻣﺛل أدوﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﻊ‬
                                                                                                                                                          ‫اﻟﺣﻣل.‬

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ارتفاع ضغط الدم

  • 1. ‫‪Angiotension-Converting‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎﻋﻔﺎت:‬ ‫‪Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors‬ھذا اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم اﻟﻐﻳر ﻣﺗﺣﻛم ﺑﻪ ﻗد ﻳؤدي‬ ‫‪Ø‬‬ ‫ﻳﺳﺎﻋد ﻋﻠﻲ ھدوء اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ ﻋن طرﻳق‬ ‫إﻟﻰ:ﺗﺣطم اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ.‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻊ ﺗﻛوﻳن ﺑﻌض اﻟﻛﻳﻣﺎﺋﻳﺎت اﻟطﺑﻳﻌﻳﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺷﺎﻛل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻠب.‬ ‫‪Ø‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﺿﻳﻳق اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ .‬ ‫اﻧﺳداد أو اﻧﻔﺟﺎر اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺦ ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪Ø‬‬ ‫:‪Calcium antagonists‬ھذه اﻷﻧواع ﻣن‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫ﻳؤدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﺳﺗﺔ اﻟدﻣﺎﻏﻳﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎت ﺗﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﮫدﺋﺔ ﻋﺿﻼت اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻌف أو ﺿﻳق اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﻠﻰ ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪Ø‬‬ ‫اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ. وﺑﻌض ﻣن ھذه اﻷﻧواع ﺗﺧﻔض ﻣن‬ ‫ﻳؤدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻳص و وظﻳﻔﺔ اﻟﻛﻠﻰ.‬ ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ ﻧﺑﺿﺎت اﻟﻘﻠب .ﻳﻘوم اﻟطﺑﻳب ﺑوﺻف‬ ‫ﺿﻳق أو ﺳﻣك ﻓﻲ اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻳن ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪Ø‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌض ﻣن ھذه اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﻳر ﻟﻠوﺻول ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫ﻳؤدي إﻟﻰ ﻓﻘدان اﻟﺑﺻر.‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠوب ﻣن ﺿﻐط اﻟدم. ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋدم ﺗﺣﺳن‬ ‫ﺧﻠل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎت اﻻﻳﺿﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺳم اﻹﻧﺳﺎن.‬ ‫‪Ø‬‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗوى ﺿﻐط اﻟدم ﻓﮫﻧﺎك أﻧواع اﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮﺓ ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ، ﻭ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫اﻟدواﺋﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﻛن اﻻﺳﺗﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﮫﺎ أﻳﺿﺎ ً .‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج:‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫‪Direct Vasodilators‬ﻳﻌﻣل ھذا اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫أﻓﺿل طرﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻲ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم ھو ﺗﻐﻳﻳر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻧﻊ ﺷد اﻟﻌﺿﻼت اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟدار‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺣﻳﺎة اﻟﻳوﻣﻲ.‬ ‫اﻟﺷراﻳﻳن وﻣﻧﻊ ﺿﻳق اﻟﺷراﻳﻳن ﻧﻔﺳﮫﺎ .‬ ‫ﺑﻌض أﻧواع اﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎت اﻟدواﺋﻳﺔ:‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد وﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ:‬ ‫‪Central-acting agents‬ھذه اﻷﻧواع‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪ o‬ﻣدرات اﻟﺑول :ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن اﻟدواء ﻳﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻧﻊ اﻟﻣﺦ ﻣن إرﺳﺎل اﻟﻣؤﺷرات إﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻰ ﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة اﻟﺟﺳم ﻓﻲ ﺗﺧﻔﻳض ﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫اﻟﺟﮫﺎز اﻟﻌﺻﺑﻲ ﻟزﻳﺎدة ﺿرﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻠب أو‬ ‫اﻟﺻودﻳوم واﻟﻣﻳﺎه ﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳل ﺣﺟم اﻟدم ﻓﻲ اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ.‬ ‫ﺗﺿﻳﻳق اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ .‬ ‫‪Alpha- Blocker‬ﺗﻘوم ﺑﻣﻧﻊ اﻧﻘﺑﺎض‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Beta-blocker o‬ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﻌﻼج ﻳﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺿﻼت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷراﻳﻳن اﻟﺻﻐﻳرة وﺗﻘﻠل ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﻳر ﺑﻌض اﻟﻛﻳﻣﺎﺋﻳﺎت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻐدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻳر ﺑﻌض أﻧواع اﻟﻛﻳﻣﺎﺋﻳﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗؤدي إﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻷدرﻳﻧﺎﻟﻳن. وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺳﺎﻋد اﻟﻘﻠب ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺧﻔﻘﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺿﻳﻳق اﻷوﻋﻳﺔ اﻟدﻣوﻳﺔ .‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل أﺑطﺊ وأھدأ.‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ )ﻳﺘﺼﺮﻑ(‬ ‫‪www.mayoclinic.com‬‬
  • 2. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﺧﻳص و اﻟﻛﺷف:‬ ‫اﻟﻌواﻣل اﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛن ﺗﻔﺎدﻳﮫﺎ:‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻧﻘﺻد ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم؟‬ ‫زﻳﺎدة اﻟوزن)اﻟﺳﻣﻧﺔ(، ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﻧﺷﺎط، اﻟﺗدﺧﻳن، وﻛﺛرة‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎس ﺿﻐط اﻟدم ﻋن طرﻳق ﻋن ﺟﮫﺎز ﺿﻐط اﻟدم و‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺎول اﻟﺻودﻳوم وﺗﻧﺎول اﻟﻛﺣول، واﻟﺗوﺗر.‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم ) اﻟﺗوﺗر اﻟﻌﺻﺑﻲ ( أو ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﻣﻰ‬ ‫اﻟذي ﻳﻌطﻲ ﻗراءﺗﺎن، اﻟﻘراءة اﻟﻌﻠوﻳﺔ و ھﻲ أرﻗﺎم ﺗﻘﻳس‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺗل اﻟﺻﺎﻣت ھو ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﺣدث ﻋن زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺿﻐط ﺑﺎﻟﺷراﻳﻳن ﻋﻧد اﻧﻘﺑﺎض اﻟﻘﻠب، و اﻟﻘراءة‬ ‫اﻟﻌواﻣل اﻟﺗﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻣﻛن ﺗﻔﺎدﻳﮫﺎ:‬ ‫اﻟﺷراﻳﻳن ﻟﻣرور اﻟدم.‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘﻳس اﻟﺷراﻳﻳن ﻋﻧد ارﺗﺧﺎء اﻟﻘﻠب. و ﻳﻘﺎس‬ ‫• اﻟﻌﻣر: ﺗزﻳد ﻓرص اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬ ‫وھﻧﺎك ﻧوﻋﺎن ﻣن اﻟﺿﻐط ﻳﺗم ﻗﻳﺎﺳﮫﺎ، اﻟﺿﻐط‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻠﺗر اﻟزﺋﺑﻘﻲ.‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺗﻘدم اﻟﻌﻣر.‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻘﺑﺎﺿﻲ ‪ Systolic‬وﻳﻘﺎس ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻳﻧﻘﺑض اﻟﻘﻠب أﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫• اﻟﻌرق: ﻳﻧﺗﺷر ﺿﻐط اﻟدم اﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﻳن اﻷﺟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ اﻟﺿﺦ، واﻟﺿﻐط اﻻﻧﺑﺳﺎطﻲ ‪ Diastolic‬وﻳﻘﺎس‬ ‫و ﻗد ﻗﺳﻣت ﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﻠب و اﻟرﺋﺔ و اﻟدم اﻟوطﻧﻳﺔ )‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻣراء اﻟﻠون أﻛﺛر ﻣن اﻟﺑﻳﺿﺎء اﻟﻠون.‬ ‫ﻋﻧد اﺳﺗرﺧﺎء اﻟﻘﻠب ﻻﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎل اﻟدم اﻟﻘﺎدم ﻣن اﻟﺟﺳم.‬ ‫اﻟوﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة( ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 3002 ﻗراءات اﻟﺿﻐط إﻟﻰ‬ ‫• اﻟﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻣرﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ: ﻳﻌد ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬ ‫ﻋدة أﻗﺳﺎم‬ ‫ﻣن اﻷﻣراض اﻟوراﺛﻳﺔ.‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﺣﺳب اﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ اﻷﻣرﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻠب، ﻓﺎن ﻣﺎ ﻧﺳﺑﺗﻪ 09 إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟرﻗم اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟرﻗم اﻟﻌﻠوي‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫59 ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣن ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم ﻳﻌود إﻟﻰ أﺳﺑﺎ ب‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت واﻷﻋراض:‬ ‫57-08‬ ‫511-021‬ ‫اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟطﺑﻳﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻳر ﻣﻌروﻓﺔ و ﺑﮫذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺳﻣﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬ ‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن أن ﻳﻌﻳش ﻣرﻳض ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻲ ) اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻲ (، و ﻳزﻳد ﺗدرﻳﺟﻳﺎ ﺑﻣرور اﻟوﻗت.‬ ‫08-98‬ ‫021-931‬ ‫ﻣﺗوﺳطﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺳﻧوات ﻋدﻳدة دون ظﮫور ﻋﻼﻣﺎت أو أﻋراض ﻋﻠﻳﻪ،‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻳﺔ ال 5 إﻟﻰ 01 ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺗﻌود ﻷﺳﺑﺎب ﻣﺣدده و‬ ‫09-99‬ ‫041-951‬ ‫ﺿﻐط ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ1‬ ‫و ﻟﻛن ﻗد ﻳﺻﺎﺣﺑﻪ ﺑﻌض اﻷﻋراض ﻣﺛل:‬ ‫ھذا ﻣﺎ ﻧطﻠق ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي، و ھذا‬ ‫• اﻟﺻداع‬ ‫001 أو أﻛﺛر‬ ‫061او أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﺿﻐط ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ2‬ ‫اﻟﻧوع ﻳﺣدث ﻓﺟﺄة و ﻳﺳﺑب ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺿﻐط اﻛﺑر ﻣن‬ ‫• ﻧزﻳف اﻷﻧف‬ ‫اﻟﻧوع اﻷول.‬ ‫ﻗد ﺗﺧﺗﻠف ھذه اﻟﻣؤﺷرات ﻣن ﺷﺧص إﻟﻲ آﺧر‬ ‫• اﻟﻐﺛﻳﺎن ﺧﺻوﺻﺎ ﻋن ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬ ‫و ﻣن اﻷﺳﺑﺎب اﻟﺗﻲ ﻣﻣﻛن أن ﺗؤدي إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎ ﺧطﻳرا‬ ‫اﻟدم اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي: ﻣﺷﺎﻛل اﻟﻛﻠﻰ، اﻷورام، و ﺑﻌض ﻣﺷﺎﻛل‬ ‫• ﺳرﻋﺔ ﻧﺑﺿﺎت اﻟﻘﻠب‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠب.‬ ‫• ﻗد ﻳﺣدث طﻧﻳﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷذﻧﻳن.‬ ‫و ﻣن اﻟﻣﮫم ذﻛره أن ﺑﻌض أﻧواع اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﻣوﺻوﻓﺔ‬ ‫• ﻗد ﻳﺣث ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت ﻋﺿﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗؤدي إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي، ﻣﺛل أدوﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣل.‬