Structured query language (SQL) is a programming language for storing and processing information in a relational database

1. Fundamentals
Database
Management
Systems
Dr. Dolley Srivastava

2. Topics
• INSERT Command
• Create command with constraints
– Primary key
– Unique
– NOT NULL
– Check
– Default
– FOREIGN KEY
2

3. INSERT COMMAND
INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES
(value1, value2, value3, ...);
INSERT INTO table_name
(column1, column2, column3, ...)
VALUES
(value1, value2, value3, ...);
3
INSERT INTO table student
VALUES
(54673489,‘Amit’,‘Gomtinagar’,
‘Lucknow’)
INSERT INTO student
(enroll_no, name, city)
VALUES (54673489, ‘Amit’,
‘Lucknow’)

4. INSERT COMMAND
INSERT INTO table_name
(column1, column3, ...)
VALUES
(value1, value3, ...);
4
INSERT INTO student
(enroll_no, name, city) values
(54673489, ‘Amit’, ‘Lucknow’)
If we know values for only specified columns then we can use the
command as:

5. INSERT COMMAND
INSERT INTO table_name
(column1, column3, ...)
VALUES
(value1, value3, ...);
5
INSERT INTO student
(enroll_no, name, city) values
(54673489,’Amit’,’Lucknow’)
INSERT INTO student
(name, city) values
(‘Amit’, ‘Lucknow’)

6. Create Table with Primary Key
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(
<columnname1> datatype (size) primary key,
<columnname2> datatype (size),
<columnname3> datatype (size),
....
);
6
CREATE TABLE student
(
enroll_no number(10) primary key,
name char(30),
address char(50),
city char (10)
);

7. CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(
<columnname1> datatype (size),
<columnname2> datatype (size),
<columnname3> datatype (size),
PRIMARY KEY (columnname1)
);
7
CREATE TABLE student
(
enroll_no number (10),
name char (30),
address char (50),
city char (10),
PRIMARY KEY (enroll_no)
);

8. Create Table with Unique Key
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(
<columnname1> datatype (size) primary key,
<columnname2> datatype (size) UNIQUE,
<columnname3> datatype (size),
....
);
8
CREATE TABLE student
(
enroll_no int primary key,
name char(30) UNIQUE,
address char(50),
city char (10)
);

9. CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(
<columnname1> datatype (size),
<columnname2> datatype (size),
<columnname3> datatype (size),
UNIQUE (columnname1)
);
9
CREATE TABLE student
(
enroll_no int primary key,
name char (30),
address char (50),
city char (10),
UNIQUE (name)
);

10. CREATE TABLE with NOT NULL Key
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(
<columnname1> datatype (size),
<columnname2> datatype (size),
<columnname3> datatype (size),
NOT NULL (columnname1)
);
10
CREATE TABLE student
(
enroll_no number (10),
name char (30),
address char (50),
city char (10),
NOT NULL (enroll_no)
);

11. Create Table with NOT NULL Key
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(
<columnname1> datatype (size) primary key,
<columnname2> datatype (size) UNIQUE,
<columnname3> datatype (size) NOT NULL,
....
);
11
CREATE TABLE student
(
enroll_no int primary key,
name char(30) UNIQUE,
address char(50) NOT NULL,
city char (10)
);

12. Create Table with CHECK
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(
<columnname1> datatype (size) primary key,
<columnname2> datatype (size) UNIQUE,
<columnname3> datatype (size)
CHECK(condition)
....
);
12
CREATE TABLE Persons (
ID int NOT NULL,
LastName
varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Age int CHECK (Age>=18)

13. Create Table with CHECK
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(
<columnname1> datatype (size) primary key,
<columnname2> datatype (size) UNIQUE,
<columnname3> datatype (size),
CHECK(condition),
....
);
13
CREATE TABLE Persons (
ID int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Age int,
CHECK (Age>=18)
);

14. Create Table with DEFAULT
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(
<columnname1> datatype (size) primary key,
<columnname2> datatype (size) UNIQUE,
<columnname3> datatype (size)
CHECK(condition),
<columnname3> datatype (size) DEFAULT
“Value”
.... 14
CREATE TABLE Persons (
ID int NOT NULL,
LastName
varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Age int CHECK (Age>=18),
City varchar (50) DEFAULT
“Lucknow”

15. Create Table with constraints
15
CREATE TABLE Persons (
ID int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Age int CHECK (Age>=18),
gender char(7),
check (gender in (‘Male’, ‘Female’
);

16. SELECT COMMAND
SELECT * FROM table_name;
SELECT column1, column3,
column4 FROM table_name;
16
SELECT * FROM student;
SELECT enroll_no, address, city
FROM student;

17. FOREIGN KEY
• create table department(dept_no varchar(5) primary key, dept_name char(10));
• create table student(enroll_no varchar(10) primary key, name char(10), dept_no varchar(5)
references department) - constraint defined at column level
• create table student(enroll_no varchar(10) primary key, name char(10), dept_no varchar(5),
foreign key (dept_no) references department(dept_no) - constraint defined at table level
• insert into department values('D0001', 'AIIT’);insert into department values('D0002', 'ASET)
• insert into student values('A23456', 'Amit','D0001')
• create table student(enroll_no varchar(10) primary key, name char(10), dept_no varchar(5),
foreign key (dept_no) references department(dept_no) on delete set null)
• insert into student values('A23456', 'Amit','D0001')
• delete from department where dept_no='D0001'
17

18. • CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE
( EMP-NO CHAR(5),
Name char(50),
Address char(100),
DEPT-NO CHAR(3),
PRIMARY KEY (EMP-NO),
FOREIGN KEY DEPT-N-FK (DEPT-NO)
REFERENCES DEPARTMENT
ON DELETE SET NULL
ON DELETE CASCADE
);

19. THANK YOU
19