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Sposoby na sieci domowe

The document is a guide titled 'Sposoby na sieci domowe' by Kathy Ivens, focused on troubleshooting home computer networks. It provides insights into network setup, configuration, and security measures to protect against viruses and hacking attempts. The guide is aimed at home network administrators and offers practical advice for maintaining a robust and efficient network.

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IDZ DO PRZYK£ADOWY ROZDZIA£ SPIS TREŒCI Sposoby na sieci domowe KATALOG KSI¥¯EK Autor: Kathy Ivens T³umaczenie: Micha³ Dadan KATALOG ONLINE ISBN: 83-7361-942-9 Tytu³ orygina³u: Home Networking Annoyances ZAMÓW DRUKOWANY KATALOG Format: 199×248, stron: 202 TWÓJ KOSZYK Naucz siê rozwi¹zywaæ problemy z domow¹ sieci¹ komputerow¹ • Odpowiednio po³¹cz komputery, u³ó¿ kable i zamontuj urz¹dzenia Wi-Fi DODAJ DO KOSZYKA • Skonfiguruj system operacyjny i oprogramowanie pod k¹tem pracy w sieci • Zabezpiecz sieæ przed wirusami i atakami hakerów CENNIK I INFORMACJE Wbrew powszechnym opiniom instalacja sieci nie stanowi wiêkszego problemu. O wiele trudniejszym zadaniem jest jej w³aœciwe u¿ytkowanie oraz utrzymanie nale¿ytej sprawnoœci. Prawid³owe dzia³anie sieci zale¿y od ró¿nych czynników: sprzêtu, ZAMÓW INFORMACJE oprogramowania, a przede wszystkim od u¿ytkowników. Ka¿dy, kto mia³ do czynienia O NOWOŒCIACH z sieci¹ komputerow¹, zna problemy z drukowaniem, brakiem dostêpu do niektórych zasobów, brakiem ³¹cznoœci z internetem itd. W wiêkszoœci przypadków rozwi¹zuje siê ZAMÓW CENNIK je doraŸnie — tylko po to, aby za kilka dni zrobiæ to samo. O wiele lepszym wyjœciem z tej sytuacji jest uporanie siê z problemem raz na zawsze; nale¿y jednak wiedzieæ, jak to zrobiæ. CZYTELNIA „Sposoby na sieci domowe” to poradnik dla wszystkich administratorów domowych FRAGMENTY KSI¥¯EK ONLINE sieci komputerowych. Przydatne informacje z pewnoœci¹ znajd¹ tu tak¿e opiekunowie sieci biurowych. Ksi¹¿ka opisuje sposoby rozwi¹zywania problemów, jakie mog¹ wyst¹piæ podczas korzystania z sieci komputerowej — zwi¹zanych zarówno z instalacj¹ karty sieciowej, jak i dzia³aniem samej sieci. Dowiesz siê, jak umo¿liwiæ u¿ytkownikom korzystanie z Otoczenia sieciowego, drukowanie i wymianê plików. Nauczysz siê zabezpieczaæ sieæ przed wirusami i hakerami, rozwi¹¿esz problemy z dostêpem do internetu i tworzeniem kopii zapasowych danych kr¹¿¹cych w sieci. • Instalacja kart sieciowych i urz¹dzeñ • Konfiguracja sieci w systemie Windows • Zarz¹dzanie kontami u¿ytkowników • Rozwi¹zywanie problemów ze wspó³dzieleniem plików i drukowaniem na udostêpnionych drukarkach Wydawnictwo Helion • Konfiguracja ³¹cza dostêpowego do internetu ul. Chopina 6 • Bezpieczeñstwo sieci — firewalle i programy antywirusowe 44-100 Gliwice tel. (32)230-98-63 • Tworzenie kopii zapasowych e-mail: helion@helion.pl Jeœli chcesz, aby praca administratora nie doprowadzi³a Ciê do za³amania nerwowego, koniecznie przeczytaj tê ksi¹¿kê.
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Sposoby na sieci domowe

  • 1.
    IDZ DO PRZYK£ADOWY ROZDZIA£ SPIS TREŒCI Sposoby na sieci domowe KATALOG KSI¥¯EK Autor: Kathy Ivens T³umaczenie: Micha³ Dadan KATALOG ONLINE ISBN: 83-7361-942-9 Tytu³ orygina³u: Home Networking Annoyances ZAMÓW DRUKOWANY KATALOG Format: 199×248, stron: 202 TWÓJ KOSZYK Naucz siê rozwi¹zywaæ problemy z domow¹ sieci¹ komputerow¹ • Odpowiednio po³¹cz komputery, u³ó¿ kable i zamontuj urz¹dzenia Wi-Fi DODAJ DO KOSZYKA • Skonfiguruj system operacyjny i oprogramowanie pod k¹tem pracy w sieci • Zabezpiecz sieæ przed wirusami i atakami hakerów CENNIK I INFORMACJE Wbrew powszechnym opiniom instalacja sieci nie stanowi wiêkszego problemu. O wiele trudniejszym zadaniem jest jej w³aœciwe u¿ytkowanie oraz utrzymanie nale¿ytej sprawnoœci. Prawid³owe dzia³anie sieci zale¿y od ró¿nych czynników: sprzêtu, ZAMÓW INFORMACJE oprogramowania, a przede wszystkim od u¿ytkowników. Ka¿dy, kto mia³ do czynienia O NOWOŒCIACH z sieci¹ komputerow¹, zna problemy z drukowaniem, brakiem dostêpu do niektórych zasobów, brakiem ³¹cznoœci z internetem itd. W wiêkszoœci przypadków rozwi¹zuje siê ZAMÓW CENNIK je doraŸnie — tylko po to, aby za kilka dni zrobiæ to samo. O wiele lepszym wyjœciem z tej sytuacji jest uporanie siê z problemem raz na zawsze; nale¿y jednak wiedzieæ, jak to zrobiæ. CZYTELNIA „Sposoby na sieci domowe” to poradnik dla wszystkich administratorów domowych FRAGMENTY KSI¥¯EK ONLINE sieci komputerowych. Przydatne informacje z pewnoœci¹ znajd¹ tu tak¿e opiekunowie sieci biurowych. Ksi¹¿ka opisuje sposoby rozwi¹zywania problemów, jakie mog¹ wyst¹piæ podczas korzystania z sieci komputerowej — zwi¹zanych zarówno z instalacj¹ karty sieciowej, jak i dzia³aniem samej sieci. Dowiesz siê, jak umo¿liwiæ u¿ytkownikom korzystanie z Otoczenia sieciowego, drukowanie i wymianê plików. Nauczysz siê zabezpieczaæ sieæ przed wirusami i hakerami, rozwi¹¿esz problemy z dostêpem do internetu i tworzeniem kopii zapasowych danych kr¹¿¹cych w sieci. • Instalacja kart sieciowych i urz¹dzeñ • Konfiguracja sieci w systemie Windows • Zarz¹dzanie kontami u¿ytkowników • Rozwi¹zywanie problemów ze wspó³dzieleniem plików i drukowaniem na udostêpnionych drukarkach Wydawnictwo Helion • Konfiguracja ³¹cza dostêpowego do internetu ul. Chopina 6 • Bezpieczeñstwo sieci — firewalle i programy antywirusowe 44-100 Gliwice tel. (32)230-98-63 • Tworzenie kopii zapasowych e-mail: helion@helion.pl Jeœli chcesz, aby praca administratora nie doprowadzi³a Ciê do za³amania nerwowego, koniecznie przeczytaj tê ksi¹¿kê.
  • 2.
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  • 36.
    GR GUXJLHJR SRNRMX7R UR]ZLÇ]DQLH QLH ZPD H Z WHM VWXDFML QDMSURVWV]P UR]ZLÇ]DQLHP ZPDJDMÇFP JD X FLD DGQFK QDU]ÛG]L QDMPQLHM NDEOD EÛG]LH SU]HZLHUFHQLH VLÛ SR NROHL SU]H] ZV]VW 1DWRPLDVW QDMOHSLHM E RE SU]HZLHUFLÉ RWZµU Z FLDQLH PLÛ NLH SRPLHV]F]HQLD L SRFLÇJQLÛFLH NDEOD Z]G X JµUQHM NUDZÛG]L G] SRNRMDPL L SU]HFLÇJQÇÉ SU]H] QLHJR NDEHO 7D PHWRGD QLH FLDQ Z D]LHQFH L XELNDFML 7OH WONR H WR D V]H É RWZR ZPDJD FLÇJQLÛFLD GX HM LOR FL NDEOD D SR]D WP RWZRU UµZ :NRQDQLH LFK ]DMPLH PL VSRUR F]DVX PQLHM U]XFDMÇ VLÛ Z RF] L VÇ EDUG]LHM HVWHWF]QH QL NDEOH ELHJQÇFH SR SRG RG]H :ZLHUÉ RWZµU Z MDNLP EH]SLHF]QP 0R QD WH XFLÇÉ ZWF]NÛ ZZLHUFLÉ R SR RZÛ PQLHMV] RWZµU PLHMVFX -D ]D]ZF]DM ZELHUDP UµJ SRNRMX L ZLHUFÛ WX QDG SU]HFLÇJQÇÉ VDP NDEHO D QDVWÛSQLH ]D R É QRZÇ
  • 37.
    ZWF]NÛ ]D SRPRFÇ WDN ]ZDQHM ]DFLVNDUNL SU]S W XP 352%/(0 = 2635=Ú7(0 6,(, (7+(51(7
  • 38.
    RNKM ###+5+#,2(TFQE UVTQPC 2OZWIëZANIE -H HOL Z D]LHQFH VÇ NDIHONL WR IDNWF] QLH VSUDZD MHVW QLH DWZD :LHUFHQLH Z QLFK ZPDJD VSH FMDOQFK QDU]ÛG]L L GR ZLDGF]HQLD 1DZHW JG PD VLÛ RG SRZLHGQL VSU]ÛW EDUG]R DWZR MHVW XNUXV]É NDIHONL GR WHJR VWRSQLD H RGSDGQÇ RG FLDQ =D QLPL SRVSLÇ VLÛ NROHMQH L EÛG]LHV] PXVLD ZR DÉ JOD]XUQLND HE UDWRZD VWXDFMÛ 'ODWHJR QDMOHSLHM MHVW SX FLÉ NDEHO JµUÇ OXE GR HP ZNRU] 5VXQHN *G SU]HSURZDG]DV] NDEOH PLÛG] SLÛWUDPL VWXMÇF ZROQÇ SU]HVWU]H QDG VXILWHP OXE SRG SRG RJÇ -H HOL JUDZLWDFMD MHVW 7ZRLP SU]MDFLHOHP 7ZRMH NRPSXWHU ]QDMGXMÇ VLÛ QD SLÛWU]H SU]HSURZDG NDEOH SU]H] VWUFK OXE WXQHO WHFKQLF]Q Z ]DOH QR FL RG NRQVWUXN FML 7ZRMHJR GRPX
  • 39.
    -H HOL QDWRPLDVW]QDMGXMÇ VLÛ RQH QD SDU 352:$'=(1,( .$%/, 0,Ú'= 3,Ú75$0, WHU]H SX É NDEHO Z]G X VXILWX SLZQLF OXE SU]H] WXQHO WHFK 0ROBLEM : MDNL VSRVµE SU] ÇF]É GR VLHFL NRPSXWHU QLF]Q SRG SDUWHUHP ]QDMGXMÇF VLÛ QD LQQP SLÛWU]H QL SR]RVWD H NRPSXWHU $E GRVWDÉ VLÛ ] NDEOHP QD VWUFK OXE GR WXQHOX WHFKQLF]QHJR 2OZWIëZANIE 3X É NDEHO Z FLDQLH WDN VDPR MDN PRQ ZNRQDM QDMSLHUZ SR]LRP RWZµU Z FLDQLH SRNRMX Z NWµ WHU] NWµU] N DGOL 7ZRMÇ LQVWDODFMÛ HOHNWUF]QÇ : FLDQDFK UP ]QDMGXMH VLÛ URXWHU :LHUÉ MDN QDMEOL HM VXILWX 1DVWÛSQLH MHVW GR É PLHMVFD QD NDEHO QDZHW MH OL ]QDMGXMH VLÛ Z QLFK ZHMG QD VWUFK L ZNRQDM RGZLHUW GR GR X PXVLV] SU]HELÉ L]RODFMD *G GRVWDQLHV] VLÛ MX WÇ GURJÇ QD RGSRZLHGQLH SLÛWUR VLÛ SRG NÇWHP SURVWP GR SLHUZV]HJR RGZLHUWX 7R VDPR ]UµE SRSURZDG NDEHO Z ERN DE GRWU]HÉ GR Z D FLZHJR SRNRMX Z SRNRMX Z NWµUP ]QDMG]LH VLÛ QRZ NRPSXWHU 1DVWÛSQLH QDZLHUÉ RWZRU Z SREOL X QDUR QLNµZ SRNRMµZ *G EÛG]LHV] MX JRWµZ HE SR R É NDEHO VWDUDM VLÛ SU]H -H HOL Z SRNRMDFK ]QDMGXMÇ VLÛ NDORUIHU OXE UXU FLHS RZQL SFKDÉ JR Z Gµ WDN DE SRPDJD D L VL D JUDZLWDFML :HMG F]H VSUDZG ]DQLP ]DF]QLHV] ZLHUFLÉ F] Z PLHMVFX Z NWµ QD VWUFK OXE GR WXQHOX WHFKQLF]QHJR L VSX É MHGHQ NRQLHF UP VÇ RQH SU]PRFRZDQH GR FLDQ QLH PD DGQFK RWZR NDEOD SR FLDQLH SRNRMX ] URXWHUHP 1DVWÛSQLH SU]HMG GR UµZ SU]H] NWµUH PR QD E SU]HSURZDG]LÉ NDEOH RWZRUX NWµU ZZLHUFL H QDG QRZP NRPSXWHUHP L SU]H 3UDFXM ] JµU QD Gµ DE ZNRU]VWDÉ VL Û JUDZLWDFML =D SFKQLM SU]H] QLHJR GUXJL NRQLHF NDEOD 3RPµ VRELH ZJLÛWP PRFXM QD NR FX PRFQHM QLWNL OXE V]QXUND FLÛ DUHN L VSX É JR NDZD NLHP FLHQNLHJR GUXWX QD QL V]H SLÛWUR 1DVWÛSQLH SU]PRFXM GR QLHJR NDEHO WD PÇ L ZFLÇJQLM JR QD JµUÛ $E SRSURZDG]LÉ NDEHO SU]H] SLZQLFÛ OXE WXQHO WHFKQLF]Q SRG SRG RJÇ ZSX É NDEHO GR SLZQLF ] SRNRMX ] URXWHUHP -H HOL Z EXGQNX PLÛG] SLÛWUDPL ELHJQÇ RWZRU ZHQWODFM D QDVWÛSQLH SU]HFLÇJQLM GUXJL NRQLHF NDEOD GR RWZRUX SUR QH NOLPDW]DFMQH OXE FLHS RZQLF]H ZNRU]VWDM MH 3DPLÛ ZDG]ÇFHJR GR SRNRMX ] QRZP NRPSXWHUHP :HMG QD JµUÛ WDM MHGQDN H Z NUDMX Z NWµUP PLHV]NDV] SUDZR EXGRZ L VSX É SU]H] RWZµU PD FLÛ DUHN ]DZLHV]RQ QD JUXEHM QLFL ODQH PR H WHJR ]DEUDQLDÉ 0QLH SR]ZRORQR ]DVWRVRZDÉ WHQ SR F]P ZUµÉ QD Gµ L SU]ZLÇ NDEHO GR QLFL :HMG MHV]F]H SURVW VSRVµE ] ]DVWU]H HQLHP DE NDEOH E HNUDQRZDQH UD] QD JµUÛ ZFLÇJQLM NDEHO L SRG ÇF] JR GR NRPSXWHUD SDWU] UVXQHN
  • 40.
    3RGF]DV ZLHUFHQLD RWZRUµZQLJG QLH SU]HELMDM VLÛ GR VVWHPX ZHQWODFMQHJR :ROQR L ZNRU]VWDÉ MHGQLH LVWQLHMÇFH ZHM FLD L ZM FLD F]OL SU]HVWU]H QLH ]QDMGXMÇFH VLÛ QDG NUDWNDPL ZHQWODFMQPL ]DPRQWRZDQPL QD VXILWDFK 52='=,$þ 352%/(0 635=Ú72:(
  • 41.
    RNKM ###+5+#,2(TFQE UVTQPC 1$=: .$%/, 6,(,2:+ .DEOH (WKHUQHW PDMÇ EDUG]R ZLHOH QD]Z *G Z 1D UQNX PR QD GRVWDÉ HNUDQRZDQ NDEHO VLHFLRZ ELHU]HV] VLÛ QD ]DNXS OXE SRSURVLV] NRJR R UDGÛ 5R]HMU]M VLÛ ]D R]QDF]HQLHP 673 EÛGÇFP DNURQL PR HV] QDWNQÇÉ VLÛ QD QDVWÛSXMÇFH RNUH OHQLD PHP ZUD HQLD VKLHOGHG WZLVWHG SDLU F]OL VNUÛW .DEHO NDWHJRULL OXE NDEHO DW .DEOH ND HNUDQRZDQD NDEHO QLHHNUDQRZDQ QRVL R]QD (WKHUQHW ]RVWD SRG]LHORQH QD NDWHJRULH F]HQLH 873
  • 42.
    : NDEOX 673]QDMGXMH VLÛ PHWDORZ RG GR ] NWµUFK ND GD PD LQQH HNUDQ RJUDQLF]DMÇF LQWHUIHUHQFMH Z D FLZR FL WHFKQLF]QH 1DMF]Û FLHM GR VLHFL NRPSXWHURZFK ZELHUD VLÛ NDEOH NDWHJRULL .DEHO NDWHJRULL H OXE NDEHO DWH -HVW WR ,17(5)(5(1-$ 6*1$þ•: RGPLDQD NDEOD NDWHJRULL NWµUD SR]ZDOD 0ROBLEM KFÛ SRSURZDG]LÉ NDEHO SU]H] FLDQ L SU]H REV X É WUDQVPLVMH R SUÛGNR FLDFK VWU]H PLÛG] SLÛWUDPL DOH Z WFK PLHMVFDFK ELHJQÇ SU]H LGÇFFK Z JLJDEDMW ZRG HOHNWUF]QH NDEOH J R QLNRZH L OLQLH WHOHIRQLF]QH %RMÛ 6NUÛWND 1D]ZD WD Z]LÛ D VLÛ RG VSRVREX Z MDNL Z NDEOX (WKHUQHW X R RQH VÇ SU]H VLÛ H GDQH SU]HV DQH Z NDEOX VLHFLRZP EÛGÇ ]DN µFDQH ZRG 6Ç RQH Z]DMHPQLH SRSU]HSODWDQH SU]H] WDPWH SU]HZRG OXE H WR NDEHO VLHFLRZ EÛG]LH ]DN µ G]LÛNL F]HPX UHGXNXMH VLÛ SUREOHP RGELÉ FD SUDFÛ XU]ÇG]H SRG ÇF]RQFK GR SU]HZRGµZ ] PDV] VJQD X L LQWHUIHUHQFML MDNLH ZVND]µZNL .DEHO %DVH7 OXE %DVH7 /LF]E WH RNUH ODMÇ PDNVPDOQÇ SUÛGNR É WUDQV 2OZWIëZANIE -HGQ SUREOHP PRJÇ WX VWDQRZLÉ ]D PLVML ZUD RQÇ Z PHJDELWDFK QD VHNXQGÛ N µFHQLD SRZRGRZDQH SU]H] SUÇG S QÇF Z SU]HZRGDFK HOHN 0EV
  • 43.
    .DEOH %DVH7 QD]ZDPV]E WUF]QFK 3R]RVWD PL VSUDZDPL VLÛ QLH SU]HMPXM 0R H SR]D NLP (WKHUQHWHP 7 WR NRG G]LÛNL NWµUH IOXRUHVFHQFMQPL UµG DPL ZLDW D NWµUH ] FD Ç SHZQR FLÇ PX ZLHP H SU]HZRG ]DVWRVRZDQH EÛGÇ ]DN µFDÉ WUDQVPLVMÛ GDQFK 'ODWHJR ]DFKRZDM PLÛG] ZHZQÇWU] NDEOD ]RVWD ZNRQDQH ] PLHG]L WDPWPL SU]HZRGDPL D NDEODPL VLHFLRZPL RGOHJ R É NLONX *GE E WR NDEHO ZLDW RZRGRZ PLD E Z QD]ZLH ) QS %DVH)
  • 44.
    %DVH SR G]LHVLÛFLX FHQWPHWUµZ $E XQLNQÇÉ ]DN µFH ]H VWURQ SU]H FKRG]L RG DQJLHOVNLHJR EDVHEDQG F]OL ZRGµZ HOHNWUF]QFK SRSURZDG NDEHO VLHFLRZ SURVWRSDGOH SDVPR SRGVWDZRZH 7DNLH R]QDF]HQLH GR QLFK 3DPLÛWDM QDWRPLDVW H QLH SRZLQQ RQH ELHF UµZ PµZL H NDEHO V X GR SU]HV DQLD Z Ç QROHJOH RERN VLHELH F]QLH VJQD µZ VLHFLRZFK = NROHL NDEOH V]HURNRSDVPRZH SR]ZDODMÇ SU]HND]ZDÉ MHGQRF]H QLH ZLHOH URG]DMµZ VJQD µZ 352:$'=(1,( .$%/, 32 32'þ2'=( 0RJÇ RQH QD SU]N DG WUDQVPLWRZDÉ VJ QD HOHNWUF]QH UR]PRZ WHOHIRQLF]QH 0ROBLEM :QDMPXMHP GRP L QLH PR HP URELÉ G]LXU L SURJUDP WHOHZL]ML NDEORZHM ] SR]D WP H NDEOH ELHJQÇFH SR SRG RG]H ZJOÇGDMÇ EU]G .DEHO JLJDELWRZ 7HJR URG]DMX NDEHO NR LVWQLHMÇ MHV]F]H MDNLH LQQH SRZRG GOD NWµUFK QLH SR SR]ZDOD QD SU]HV DQLH GDQFK Z VLHFLDFK ZLQQL P SURZDG]LÉ LFK Z WHQ VSRVµE (WKHUQHW ] SUÛGNR FLDPL PLHU]RQPL Z JLJDELWDFK QD VHNXQGÛ *EV
  • 45.
    0µZLP WX 2OZWIëZANIE = FD Ç SHZQR FLÇ PR QD SURZDG]LÉ NDEOH R PLOLDUGDFK ELWµZ QLH R PLOLRQDFK $E VLHFLRZH SR SRNRMDFK EH] ZLHUFHQLD FLDQ L ZFDOH QLH PXVL WR PµJ ZNRU]VWZDÉ WDNLH NDEOH 7ZµM ZJOÇGDÉ EU]GNR :LHOH ILUP RIHUXMH HOHPHQW GHNRUDFMQH SU]H ÇF]QLN DQJ VZLWFK
  • 46.
    L NDUW VLHFLRZH NWµUD SR]ZROÇ L XNUÉ NDEHO 6]XNDM SODVWNRZFK UXUHN NWµ UµZQLH PXV]Ç REV XJLZDÉ VWDQGDUG JLJDELWRZHJR (WKHUQHWX UH PR QD SU]PRFRZDÉ GR FLDQ OXE OLVWZ ZNR F]HQLRZHM 352%/(0 = 2635=Ú7(0 6,(, (7+(51(7
  • 47.
    RNKM ###+5+#,2(TFQE UVTQPC G]LÛNL WHPX H VÇ RQH QDVÇF]RQH NOHMHP ZVWDUF] RGH *1,$='$ ,(11( UZDÉ SDVHN ]DEH]SLHF]DMÇF
  • 48.
    6Ç RQH SµRNUÇJ H DOH RG IURQ WX ZJOÇGDMÇ QD QLHPDO ]XSH QLH S DVNLH ,FK SU]HGQLÇ F]Û É 0ROBLEM : SUDF PµM NRPSXWHU SRG ÇF]RQ MHVW EH] GD VLÛ SRGQLH É GR JµU XPLH FLÉ Z UXUFH NDEHO SR F]P SR UHGQLR GR JQLD]GND Z FLDQLH G]LÛNL F]HPX ]H FLDQ QLH RSX FLÉ IURQW ] SRZURWHP ]DWU]DVNXMÇF JR Z SLHUZRWQHM SR ZFKRG]Ç JR H SU]HZRG ] Z GRPX PRJÛ ]URELÉ WR VDPR ]FML 5XUNL WH RIHURZDQH VÇ Z ZLHOX NRORUDFK DOH PR QD MH 2OZWIëZANIE 2F]ZL FLH SR SURVWX NXS L ]DLQVWDOXM WH VDPRG]LHOQLH PDORZDÉ 7HJR URG]DMX SRPRFQH GRGDWNL JQLD]GR 5- L SODVWNRZÇ QDN DGNÛ 3UDZGRSRGREQLH QLH ]QDMG]LHV] Z ND GP ZLÛNV]P VNOHSLH GOD PDMVWHUNRZLF]µZ EÛG]LH WR NRV]WRZD R ZLÛFHM QL ] 3U]HSFKQLM NDEHO SU]H] G]LXUÛ Z FLDQLH D QDVWÛSQLH XVX ] MHJR NR FD RNR R FP L]RODFML X M QDU]ÛG]LD GR FLÇJDQLD NRV]XOHN
  • 49.
    -H HOL QD 352:$'=(1,(.$%/$ NR FX NDEOD ]QDMGXMH VLÛ ZWF]ND SR SURVWX MÇ XWQLM 1DVWÛS 2' ,$1 '2 .20387(5$ QLH ZSURZDG SRV]F]HJµOQH SU]HZRG GR JQLD]GD PLHMVFD 0ROBLEM 3RSURZDG]LOL P FD NDEHO SU]H] FLDQ L SRG Z NWµUH WU]HED ZSURZDG]LÉ SU]HZRG VÇ ZUD QLH R]QDF]R FLÇJQÛOL P JR GR NRPSXWHUD -HGQDN RVWDWQL RGFLQHN NDEOD QH
  • 50.
    L GRSFKQLM MHGR NR FD HE PLHÉ SHZQR É H EÛGÇ PRF ELHJQÇF SR SRG RG]H RG FLDQ GR SHFHWD ZJOÇGD EDUG]R QR SU]WZLHUG]RQH 3U]PRFXM JQLD]GR GR FLDQ D QDVWÛSQLH QLHHVWHWF]QLH 3R]D WP MHVW QLHEH]SLHF]Q SRQLHZD FLÇJOH QD µ QD QLH SODVWNRZÇ QDN DGNÛ SDWU] UVXQHN
  • 51.
    3RG NWR VLÛ RQLHJR SRWND ÇF] NDEHO ELHJQÇF RG NRPSXWHUD GR JQLD]GND : WHQ VSRVµE SR ÇF]V] JR ] NDEOHP ELHJQÇFP SU]H] FLDQÛ 2OZWIëZANIE -H HOL QLH PR HV] SRVWDZLÉ NRPSXWHUD Z PLHMVFX Z NWµUP ]H FLDQ ZFKRG]L NDEHO PR HV] SRG QLH É HVWHWNÛ SRPLHV]F]HQLD L ]PQLHMV]É ]DJUR HQLH SRSU]H] SU]NUFLH NDEOD 'R ]DNUZDQLD NDEOL ELHJQÇFFK SR SRG RG]H V X Ç VSHFMDOQH QDN DGNL GRVWÛSQH Z GZµFK ZHUVMDFK ” 1DN DGNL XPLHV]F]DQH QD NDEODFK 6Ç FLÛ NLH ZLÛF WUXG QR MHVW MH SU]HVXQÇÉ D LFK NUDZÛG]LH DJRGQLH RSDGDMÇ Z NLHUXQNX SRG RJL G]LÛNL F]HPX QLH PR QD VLÛ R QLH 5VXQHN 2VWDWQL RGFLQHN NDEOD EÛG]LH ZJOÇGD SRWNQÇÉ SURIHVMRQDOQLH MH OL ]DLQVWDOXMHV] HOHJDQFNLH JQLD]GNR FLHQQH ” 5XUNL QD NDEOH 3U]PRFRZXMH VLÛ MH GR SRG RJL ]D SR PRFÇ GZXVWURQQHM WD P NOHMÇFHM 0R HV] WH NXSLÉ JQLD]GND ZLHORJQLD]GRZH NWµ UH SU]GDG]Ç L VLÛ Z SRNRMX Z NWµUP WU]PDV] NRQFHQWUDWRU SU]H ÇF]QLN OXE URXWHU :µZF]DV 1LH SURZDG JR HJR NDEOD SRG GZDQHP -HJR ZV]VWNLH NDEOH ZFKRG]ÇFH ] WHJR XU]ÇG]HQLD VSRGQLD VWURQD PR H SRFLHUDÉ R NDEHO L RV DELDÉ SRG ÇF]V] GR MHGQHJR JQLD]GND MHJR L]RODFMÛ D QDZHW GRSURZDG]LÉ GR MHM SU]HUZD QLD 'ODWHJR QDMSLHUZ XPLH É NDEHO Z UXUFH D GR SLHUR SRWHP QDNUM ZV]VWNR GZDQHP '2'$:$1,( .21(175$725$ 0ROBLEM 1D SDUWHU]H QDV]HJR GRPX PDP GZD NRPSX WHU SRG ÇF]RQH GR URXWHUD KFHP ]DLQVWDORZDÉ GZD NR OHMQH NRPSXWHU DOH QD SLHUZV]P SLÛWU]H :EUDOL P GOD 52='=,$þ 352%/(0 635=Ú72:(
  • 52.
    RNKM ###+5+#,2(TFQE UVTQPC QLFK WDNÇ ORNDOL]DFMÛ NWµUD MHVW SR SU]HFLZQHM VWURQLH GRPX ÇF]RQ GR URXWHUD 0µM NXPSHO ]QDMÇF VLÛ QD NRPSXWHUDFK QL URXWHU L NRPSXWHU QD SDUWHU]H R UDG]LV] UDG]L PL HEP ]DPLDVW NRQFHQWUDWRUD NXSL SU]H ÇF]QLN QLH 2OZWIëZANIE =DPLDVW FLÇJQÇÉ QD JµUÛ GZD QLH]DOH QH VWHW MHVW RQ GUR V]
  • 53.
    SRQLHZD SU]H ÇF]QLNLV]EFLHM SU]H V DMÇ GDQH NDEOH OHSLHM SR ÇF] ]H VREÇ GZD QRZH NRPSXWHU ]D SR UHG QLFWZHP NRQFHQWUDWRUD OXE SU]H ÇF]QLND SDWU] QDVWÛSQ SUR 2OZWIëZANIE 7ZµM NROHJD PD UDFMÛ 3U]H ÇF]QLNL SU] EOHP
  • 54.
    D QDVWÛSQLH SRSURZDGSU]H] FLDQ SRMHGQF] NDEHO VSLHV]DMÇ SU]HV DQLH GDQFK PLÛG] NRPSXWHUDPL SDWU] RG NRQFHQWUDWRUD OXE SU]H ÇF]QLND
  • 55.
    GR URXWHUD -HHOL QRZH UDPND .RQFHQWUDWRU SU]H ÇF]QLN D FR WR ]D Uµ QLFD
  • 56.
    3 NRPSXWHU QLH EÛGÇVWD Z WP VDPP SRNRMX ]DVWRVXM VLÛ WDQLH WONR F] Z VLHFL ] R RQHM ] SLÛFLX F] QDZHW G]LHVLÛ GR ZVND]µZHN MDNLFK XG]LHOL DP Z SRGUR]G]LDOH 3URZDG]H FLX
  • 57.
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  • 58.
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  • 59.
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  • 62.
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  • 63.
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  • 65.
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  • 68.
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  • 70.
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  • 72.
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  • 74.
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  • 90.
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  • 91.
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  • 92.
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  • 93.
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