SOCIAL SCIENCE HOLIDAY HOMEWORK CORONAVIRUS AND ITS IMPACT OVER THE WORLD.pptx

CORONAVIRUS
S O C I A L S C I E N C E
AND HOW IT AFFECTED THE WORLD
N A V Y A S H A R M A
CREATED BY

C O N T E N T S
ROLE OF W.H .O. IN COVID - 19
IMPACT ON TH E GLOBAL ECON OMY
IMPACT ON LEARNING
PANDEMIC INEQUALI TY
VACCINE DIPLOMACY
CH ALLEN GE S IN A POST - COVID WORLD

WHAT IS THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION(WHO)?
The World Health Organization (WHO) plays an essential
role in the global governance of health and disease; due
to its core global functions of establishing, monitoring
and enforcing international norms and standards, and
coordinating multiple actors toward common goals.
Global health governance requires WHO leadership and effective
implementation of WHO's core global functions to ensure better
effectiveness of all health actors, but achieving this global mission
could be hampered by narrowing activities and budget reallocations
from core global functions.

who's response to covid-19: a timeline
Handling Covid-19 Pandemic
The World Health Organization has been at the heart of the battle
against the new coronavirus since the first reported outbreak in
China.
As the WHO's World Health Assembly gathers on Monday to plot the
path ahead, here is a timeline covering the key moments in the
WHO's hotly-contested handling of the COVID-19 pandemic
Sources: The Economics Times

January 4: The WHO on social media reported a cluster of pneumonia
cases "with no deaths", in Wuhan. A day later, it published its first
"Disease Outbreak News" destined for scientists and public health
specialists on the new virus.
Unknown cause
January 1, 2020: The WHO activated a crisis group, putting the body "on
an emergency footing for dealing with the outbreak".
December 31, 2019: China reported to the WHO a "cluster" of
pneumonia cases "of unknown cause" in the city of Wuhan, the
capital of Hubei province. Of a total of 44 cases, 11 patients were
"severely ill", while the others were stable.

China gives WHO genetic sequence
January 13: Thailand reported the first imported case on its
territory.
January 11: China gave the WHO the genetic sequence of COVID-19.
January 10: The WHO sent "technical guidance" with advice to all
countries on how to detect, test and manage potential cases.
Evidence at the time suggested "no or limited human-to-human
transmission", the WHO said.

Reports of "limited human-to-human
transmission"
January 14: Maria Van Kerkhove, the WHO's COVID-19 technical lead,
told a news briefing that there "may have been limited human-to-
human transmission", based on 41 confirmed cases, and that there was
the risk of a wider outbreak.
January 20, 21: WHO experts from China and the western Pacific region
went on a brief field visit to Wuhan.
January 22: The WHO mission to China said there was evidence of
human-to-human transmission in Wuhan -- among close contacts such as
families or in health care settings -- but that "more investigation was
needed to understand the full extent of transmission".

January 22, 23: WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus convened an
emergency committee to assess whether the outbreak constituted a "public
health emergency of international concern" -- the highest alert it can
trigger. The committee, consisting of independent international experts, was
unable to reach a consensus and asked to meet again 10 days later.
WHO declares COVID-19 to be "a public
health emergency"
January 28: A WHO delegation travelled to Beijing, led by Tedros, who
agreed with the Chinese government that an international team of
scientists would be dispatched to China.
January 30: The WHO declared COVID-19 to be "a public health emergency
of international concern".

February 16-24: An international scientific mission of experts from the
United States, China, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Nigeria, Russia,
Singapore and Canada travelled to Wuhan.
February 24: A team of experts from the WHO and the European Centre
for Disease Prevention and Control travelled to Italy, which became the
epicentre of the coronavirus outbreak after China.
March 11: The WHO designated COVID-19 as a pandemic. At the time, 90
percent of cases were declared in just four countries, according to the
WHO, with 81 countries reporting no cases at all, and 57 countries
reporting up to 10 cases.
Italy emerges as the new epicentre

April 14: US President Donald Trump halts payments to the WHO pending
a review of its role in allegedly "severely mismanaging and covering up
the spread of the coronavirus", and accuses it of being biased towards
China.
April 24: The WHO urges member states to speed up the development,
production and distribution of treatments and vaccines and ensure
universal access to therapeutics.
Trump halts payment to the WHO
April 9: The WHO publishes a chronology of its statements in response to
criticism that it had been slow to sound the alarm.

Virus may never go away"
April 27: The WHO urges countries lifting their lockdown measures to test,
isolate and treat suspected cases while ensuring physical distancing, or
risk a second wave of infections.
May 14: The WHO says the virus may never go away and could become a
disease that the world has to learn to live with.
May 18-19: The WHO's decision-making body, the World Health Assembly,
holds its annual gathering virtually, with the spat between between Beijing
and Washington threatening to overshadow proceedings.

• Under the International Health Regulations, a global legal agreement revised in 2005
and signed by all WHO members, countries are required to report to WHO any
disease outbreaks that are unexpected or of unknown cause and have significant risk
of international spread.
• China reported a cluster of pneumonia cases to WHO on Dec. 31, 2019. "Based on the
[International Health Regulations], what is expected from WHO is declaring the Public
Health Emergency of International Concern as early as possible," Tedros said on April
22.
• That PHEIC designation is an official alert that triggers a set of responses. WHO can
help guide the country and gauge whether its response is effective. And it can bring in
international assistance for training, surveillance and other measures. But all of this
can only be done "at the request of a State Party."
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF WHO ALL OVER THE
WORLD
Sources: npr.org

• Timing is tricky. "It's partly a technical decision. It's partly a political decision,"
Atun says. "If you act too early, you may contain the epidemic but people may
say, 'There was no need [to act so early].' But if you act too late countries will
say, 'You are too late and we're now facing the consequences.' "
• WHO declared the coronavirus a PHEIC on Jan. 30, when there were no reported
deaths outside of China but a sharp increase in the number of countries
reporting cases.
• "Looking back, I think we declared the emergency at the right time, and when the
world had enough time to respond," Tedros said on April 22.
• Weeks later, in its role as an international standard-bearer, WHO officially
named the disease COVID-19.
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF WHO ALL OVER THE
WORLD
Sources: npr.org

Amid the coronavirus pandemic, several countries across the world
resorted to lockdowns to “flatten the curve” of the infection. These
lockdowns meant confining millions of citizens to their homes, shutting
down businesses and ceasing almost all economic activity. According to
the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the global economy is expected
to shrink by over 3 per cent in 2020 – the steepest slowdown since the
Great Depression of the 1930s.
how pandemic affected the global economy?
Sources: Indian Express

Sources: BBC
Global shares in flux
• Big shifts in stock markets, where shares in companies are bought and
sold, can affect the value of pensions or individual savings accounts
(Isas).
• The FTSE, Dow Jones Industrial Average and the Nikkei all saw huge
falls as the number of Covid-19 cases grew in the first months of the
crisis.
• The major Asian and US stock markets have recovered following the
announcement of the first vaccine in November, but the FTSE is still in
negative territory.

Sources: BBC
the impact of
coronavirus
on
stock
markets
since the
start of the
outbreak

Global shares in flux
• In response, central banks in many countries, including the UK, have
slashed interest rates. That should, in theory, make borrowing cheaper
and encourage spending to boost the economy.
• Some markets recovered ground in January this year, but this is a
normal tendency known as the "January effect".
• Analysts are worried that the possibility of further lockdowns and delays
in vaccination programmes might trigger more market volatility this
year.
Sources: BBC

A difficult year for job seekers
• Many people have lost their jobs or seen their incomes cut.
Unemployment rates have increased across major economies.
• In the United States, the proportion of people out of work hit a yearly
total of 8.9%, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF),
signalling an end to a decade of jobs expansion.
• Millions of workers have also been put on government-supported job
retention schemes as parts of the economy, such as tourism and
hospitality, have come to a near standstill.
• The numbers of new job opportunities is still very low in many countries.
• Job vacancies in Australia have returned to the same level of 2019, but
they are lagging in France, Spain, the UK and several other countries.
Sources: BBC

Sources: BBC
World
economics
struggling with
rising
unemployment

Sources: BBC
New
vacancies still
very low in
many
countries

Sources: BBC
Most of countries now in recession
• If the economy is growing, that generally means more wealth and
more new jobs.
• It's measured by looking at the percentage change in gross
domestic product, or the value of goods and services produced,
typically over three months or a year.
• The IMF estimates that the global economy shrunk by 4.4% in
2020. The organisation described the decline as the worst since
the Great Depression of the 1930s.

Sources: BBC
Most of countries now in recession
• The only major economy to grow in 2020 was China. It registered
a growth of 2.3%.
• The IMF is, however, predicting global growth of 5.2% in 2021.
• That will be driven primarily by countries such as India and China,
forecast to grow by 8.8% and 8.2% respectively.
• Recovery in big, services-reliant, economies that have been hit
hard by the outbreak, such as the UK or Italy, is expected to be
slow.

Sources: BBC
Majority of
countries in
recession

Travel still far from taking off
Sources: BBC
• The travel industry has been badly damaged, with airlines cutting
flights and customers cancelling business trips and holidays.
• New variants of the virus - discovered only in recent months - have
forced many countries to introduce tighter travel restrictions.
• Data from the flight tracking service Flight Radar 24 shows that
the number of flights globally took a huge hit in 2020 and it is still
a long way from recovery.

Sources: BBC
Commercial
Flights remain
well below
normal levels

Hospitality sector has shut its doors worldwide
Sources: BBC
• The hospitality sector has been hit hard, with millions of jobs and
many companies bankrupt.
• Data from Transparent - an industry-leading intelligence company
that covers over 35 million hotel and rental listings worldwide - has
registered a fall in reservations in all the top travel destinations.
• Billions of dollars have been lost in 2020 and although the forecast
for 2021 is better, many analysts believe that international travel
and tourism won't return to the normal pre-pandemic levels until
around 2025.

Sources: BBC
The global tourism
industry is
crumbling

Shopping... at home
Sources: BBC
• Retail footfall has seen unprecedented falls as shoppers stayed at
home.
• New variants and surges in cases have made problems worse.
• Pedestrian numbers have fallen further from the first lockdown,
according to research firm ShopperTrak
• Separate research suggests that consumers are still feeling
anxious about their return to stores. Accountancy giant EY says
67% customers are now not willing to travel more than 5
kilometres for shopping.
• This change in shopping behaviour has significantly boosted online
retail, with a global revenue of $3.9 trillion in 2020

Sources: BBC
Huge drop in
shoppers

Pharmaceutical companies among the winners
Sources: BBC
• Governments around the world have pledged billions of dollars for
a Covid-19 vaccine and treatment options.
• Shares in some pharmaceutical companies involved in vaccine
development have shot up.
• Moderna, Novavax and AstraZeneca have seen significant rises. But
Pfizer has seen its share price fall. The partnership with BioNTech,
the high cost of production and management of the vaccine, and the
growing number of same-size competitors have reduced the
investors' trust in the company to have bigger revenue in 2021.

Sources: BBC
The rise of
pharmaceutical
companies

• College students continue to grapple with the educational fallout
of the pandemic.
• School closures exacerbate issues of digital access and other
inequities.
• More and more students report feeling stressed and anxious due
to COVID-19.
• Students on and off campus will navigate colleges' shifting plans
well into 2021.
Coronavirus Impacts on Students and Online
Learning
how pandemic affected learning?
Sources: bestcolleges.com

Covid-19 fallout: The impact on education in India
Sources: indiatoday.in
Do the math
• Over 1.5 million schools across India closed down due to the
pandemic A switch to large-scale digital education is not possible
now.
• Only 24 per cent house-holds have access to the internet,
according to a 2019 government survey.
• In rural India, the numbers are far lower, with only 4 per cent
households having access The education ministry’s budget for
digital e-learning was slashed to Rs 469 crore in 2020-21—the
year Covid struck—from Rs 604 crore the previous year

Shubham Gupta is a first-year student of BCom (Honours) in Delhi's
Hansraj College. Yet the 18-year-old hasn't set foot on campus even
once since he took admission in September. He has taken a virtual
tour of the college and has been taking lessons through his mobile
phone and iPad. And Shubham isn't alone in this. That's how the
batch of 2020-the Covid-19 generation-has been experiencing
institutional education in a world disrupted by an unprecedented
pandemic. Because of this, 47 per cent students have decided
against migrating to another city for higher education, revealed a
study titled the 'Big Qs Student Survey'. Fifty per cent respondents
have also abandoned plans to pursue higher education abroad.
Covid-19 fallout: The impact on education in India

Covid-19 fallout: The impact on education in
India
Over 2,000 kilometres away from the national capital, in Assam's Barpeta
district, Nibha Choudhury, a 41-year-old teacher in the government-aided
Finguagarh High School, had an extended holiday between the last week of
March-when the country went into the national lockdown-and September. The
school authorities tried to conduct online classes, but less than five per cent of
the students had reliable and consistent internet access. "We sent out lessons
and homework to the handful of students who had smartphones and internet
connections. They helped some other students, but it was by no stretch of the
imagination a substitute for classroom teaching," says Choudhury. In the past
two months, she has been slogging extra hours to compensate for the classroom
hours her students lost during the lockdown. It's not easy to impart education in
segregated classes where the prime focus remains maintaining Covid protocols.

India
While students in Assam and several other states have gradually returned
to schools and colleges, their counterparts in states like Delhi are still
confined to homes, spending long hours online, leading to concerns over
physical health and stress triggered due to the prolonged use of electronic
devices. The education ecosystem of India, already weighed down by
myriad issues such as school dropouts, learning deficiencies, teacher
absenteeism, gender disparity and lack of infrastructure, now faces yet
another big challenge-the widening digital divide. Even in the national
capital, when government schools started online classes during the
lockdown, the attendance hovered between "25 and 30 per cent".

India
According to UNICEF, the Covid-19 pandemic has battered education
systems around the world, affecting close to 90 per cent of the world's
student population. In India, over 1.5 million schools closed down due to the
pandemic, affecting 286 million children from pre-primary to secondary
levels. This adds to the 6 million girls and boys who were already out of
school prior to Covid-19. This disruption in education has severe economic
implications too. A World Bank report, 'Beaten or Broken: Informality and
Covid-19 in South Asia', has quantified the impact of school closures in
monetary terms-India is estimated to lose $440 billion (Rs 32.3 lakh crore) in
possible future earnings.

• About 600m people work globally in the hardest-hit sectors such as
hospitality and retail, according to the International Labour Organization.
These sectors contain particularly high proportions of women, ethnic
minorities, migrants, the low-skilled and the young; they also tend to pay
poorly.
How the pandemic is worsening inequality
Sources: financialtimes.com
Poor workers are becoming poorer

Poor workers are
becoming poorer

Poor workers are becoming poorer
• Sebastian Königs, labour economist at the OECD, said that “more
vulnerable labour market groups — notably the low-skilled and workers
in non-standard jobs — have been most strongly affected by job and
earnings losses so far” which could “further increase existing wealth
inequalities”.
• In addition, the informal economy has been hard-hit — and that is where
some of the world’s most vulnerable workers are employed. About 2bn
people around the world work informally, with limited access to social
protection or benefits. Their loss of income is one of the driving factors
behind the World Bank’s forecast that the pandemic will push up to
150m more people into extreme poverty by 2022.

• Inequality between nations has also increased. Poorer countries went
into the pandemic with less well-resourced healthcare systems and
many have been hit by lost tourism revenue, lower remittances from
citizens working abroad, collapsing exports and rising public debt.
• Rich countries have been better able to protect their economies from
the effects of the pandemic by boosting public spending, leaving
developing economies to struggle without the kind of co-ordinated
global action that was prompted by the financial crisis over a decade
ago.
• As a result economist Joseph Stiglitz recently warned that the pandemic
“has exposed and exacerbated inequalities between countries just as it
has within countries”.
Inequality between countries is rising

Inequality
between
countries is
rising

• Also, the pandemic-induced escalation in the pace of technology adoption
around the world “risks widening the gap between rich and poor countries
by shifting more investment to advanced economies where automation is
already established”, according to Cristian Alonso, economist at the IMF.
And in the coming year, differences in access to vaccines is set to add to
the divide.
Inequality between countries is rising

The generation gap is worsening
• Older people have been far more vulnerable to the health effects of
coronavirus — but in most countries younger people are bearing the brunt of
the economic damage.
• At the height of the pandemic-induced surge in unemployment, joblessness
among people aged 15 to 24 in OECD countries was 7.5 percentage points
higher than the start of this year, whereas among those aged 25 and over it
rose by 3.2 percentage points.
• Pandemic-induced job losses have potentially long-lasting consequences:
people who start their career during a recession experience lower earnings for
a decade after graduation and report lower self-esteem, commit more crimes,
and distrust government more, according to research by Hannes Schwandt,
assistant professor of economics at Northwestern University in the US.

The
generation
gap is
worsening

Well-off workers stay comfortable
• Around the world, relatively privileged workers have avoided the worst of the
pandemic’s economic impact. For example many office workers have been
able to shift to homeworking, and for them, lockdown meant reduced
spending on transport and leisure while their incomes remained relatively
stable.
• Up to 40 per cent of those in the ILO’s top income bracket were able to
work from home during the pandemic, more than double the proportion
among the lowest earners.
• And in many countries, as jobs in lower-skilled occupations were cut, the
number of professional jobs increased.

Well-off
workers stay
comfortable

Well-off workers stay comfortable
• As a result household saving rates have soared in many countries; there is
some research to indicate the rise was driven by high earners. Meanwhile
lower income people have had to use savings to help pay their bills.
• “The poor are getting poorer,” said Gita Gopinath, chief economist at the
IMF.
• She has called on governments to do more to help workers reskill and
move into growing sectors, in order to avoid the pandemic leaving a long-
lasting legacy in the form of entrenched global inequality.

• The 10 richest billionaires in the world increased their wealth by $319bn in
2020, with technology billionaires accounting for the vast majority of the
gain, according to research by Bloomberg. Much of this is to do with
rising asset prices; the MSCI global stock index is up 12 per cent since the
start of the year.
• This was fuelled partly by the success of companies that have
experienced a demand boost because of the pandemic, but also because
central banks’ efforts to cushion the unprecedented slowdown in activity
by pumping massive waves of stimulus into the global economy helped
drive up asset prices.
The rich get richer

the rich is
getting richer

• The Covid-19 pandemic has affected nearly every country in the world, changing
the lives of billions of people. According to official measures, the pandemic has
impacted more than 110+ million people worldwide, with nearly 2+ million deaths.
Therefore, the development of vaccines against this deadly disease has been a
welcome sight for everyone, especially for countries that were previously
helpless in curbing infection rates.
• With regards to vaccine access, some countries have been much more fortunate
than others. Namely, the United States, Israel, United Arab Emirates, United
Kingdom, and India, among others, have been able to develop and/or acquire
vaccines and roll out their distribution plans somewhat successfully. Other areas
with smaller populations have not been so fortunate, either in developing their own
vaccine candidates or being able to acquire purchasing rights to existing vaccines.
Vaccine Diplomacy: A New Frontier In International Relations
Sources: forbes.com

• India has been a unique case-study throughout the coronavirus debacle. Though
one of the first countries to institute nationwide lockdowns and masking
mandates, the country later saw meteoric rises in coronavirus infections.
However, the rates dropped as quickly as they increased, with experts citing
many potential reasons, including good mask compliance by the general
population, a federally unified containment strategy, and potential natural
immunity in the population. India has also executed its vaccination efforts
swiftly—though it started much later than many western countries, it has
already been able to vaccinate more than 10+ million people.
Sources: forbes.com

• India has been a unique case-study throughout the coronavirus debacle. Though one of the first
countries to institute nationwide lockdowns and masking mandates, the country later saw meteoric
rises in coronavirus infections. However, the rates dropped as quickly as they increased, with experts
citing many potential reasons, including good mask compliance by the general population, a federally
unified containment strategy, and potential natural immunity in the population. India has also
executed its vaccination efforts swiftly—though it started much later than many western countries, it
has already been able to vaccinate more than 10+ million people.
• The Indian government was also one of the first nations to engage in “vaccine diplomacy,” as a measure
to assist countries that may not otherwise have access to emerging vaccine candidates. According to the
Government of India’s Ministry of External Affairs, “The Government of India has received several requests
for the supply of Indian manufactured vaccines from neighbouring and key partner countries. In response
to these requests, and in keeping with India’s stated commitment to use India’s vaccine production and
delivery capacity to help all of humanity fight the Covid pandemic, supplies under grant assistance to
Bhutan, Maldives, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar and Seychelles will begin from 20 January 2021. In respect
of Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and Mauritius, we are awaiting their confirmation of necessary regulatory
clearances.”
Sources: forbes.com

Sources: forbes.com
• Earlier last week, U.S. President Joe Biden pledged $4 billion USD to the COVAX
vaccine program, which “aims to ensure a fair supply of coronavirus vaccines
around the world […and] deliver at least 2 billion vaccine doses by the end of
2021 to cover 20% of the most vulnerable people in poor and middle-income
countries.”
• The European Union is also creating and executing plans to donate vaccinations
to African healthcare workers. This is in addition to its large financial
contributions to the COVAX program.
• Additionally, China has reportedly donated 500,000 doses of its Sinopharm
vaccine to Nepal.

Sources: forbes.com
• Notably, when it comes to vaccines, an important
consideration for leaders and countries alike to take
into consideration is the efficacy of the respective
vaccines, and how to balance that with the
transportation and distribution logistics. While some
vaccine candidates may be easier to roll-out, others
may have been more widely tested and may offer
better protection. When it comes to approving,
acquiring, and administering the vaccines,
regulatory leaders across the globe are seeking the
perfect equilibrium between a multitude of
variables, including, but not limited to: vaccine
effectiveness, side-effects, length of immunity,
operational challenges, pricing, storage,
transportation, etc.

While a global pandemic has been a looming risk for decades, COVID-19 has
come as a shock to society, health systems, economies, and governments
worldwide. In the midst of extraordinary challenges and uncertainty, and
countless personal tragedies, leaders are under pressure to make decisions
on managing the immediate impact of the pandemic and its consequences,
decisions that will shape the state of the world for years to come.
Introduction
Challenges and Opportunities in the Post-COVID-19 World
Sources: greengrowthknowledge.org

Institutions and Governance
The concepts of green growth and the green economy sit within a complex
institutional structure comprising international and non-governmental
organisations, government departments, private sector entities, and academic
institutions. Moreover, these actors operate at global, regional and national levels
across economic, social and environmental domains.
This complexity has only increased over the years with the proliferation of political
statements, multilateral agreements, financing and governance mechanisms, and
institutions initiated with the aim of furthering the transition to a green economy.
Effective green growth planning requires a keen understanding of this complexity,
as well as a recognition that there is no single blueprint for a green economy
transition. Most importantly, however, it requires that each country develop the
institutional and governance capacity necessary to formulate and implement the
wide-ranging policy reforms associated with green growth.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Post-COVID-19 World
Sources: greengrowthknowledge.org

Small changes don’t cut it
Challenges in the Post-COVID-19 World
Coronavirus, like climate change, is partly a problem of our economic
structure. Although both appear to be “environmental” or “natural”
problems, they are socially driven.
Tackling both COVID-19 and climate change is much easier if you
reduce nonessential economic activity. For climate change this is
because if you produce less stuff, you use less energy, and emit fewer
greenhouse gases. The epidemiology of COVID-19 is rapidly evolving.
But the core logic is similarly simple. People mix together and spread
infections. This happens in households, and in workplaces, and on the
journeys people make. Reducing this mixing is likely to reduce person-
to-person transmission and lead to fewer cases overall.
Sources: theconversation.com

Small changes don’t cut it
Reducing contact between people probably also helps with other
control strategies. One common control strategy for infectious
disease outbreaks is contact tracing and isolation, where an infected
person’s contacts are identified, then isolated to prevent further
disease spread. This is most effective when you trace a high
percentage of contacts. The fewer contacts a person has, the fewer
you have to trace to get to that higher percentage.
We can see from Wuhan that social distancing and lockdown
measures like this are effective. Political economy is useful in helping
us understand why they weren’t introduced earlier in European
countries and the US

A fragile economy
Lockdown is placing pressure on the global economy. We face a
serious recession. This pressure has led some world leaders to call for
an easing of lockdown measures.
Even as 19 countries sat in a state of lockdown, the US president,
Donald Trump, and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro called for roll
backs in mitigation measures. Trump called for the American economy
to get back to normal in three weeks (he has now accepted that social
distancing will need to be maintained for much longer). Bolsonaro
said: “Our lives have to go on. Jobs must be kept … We must, yes, get
back to normal.”

In the UK meanwhile, four days before calling for a three-week
lockdown, Prime Minister Boris Johnson was only marginally less
optimistic, saying that the UK could turn the tide within 12 weeks. Yet
even if Johnson is correct, it remains the case that we are living with an
economic system that will threaten collapse at the next sign of
pandemic.
A fragile economy

At the end of this, we
don't how things will
turn out. Nobody
knows the extent of this
uncertainty. All we
know is that whatever
happens, we have to move
on and........

...stay at home and stay safe!

SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE
SUBJECT TEACHER: RAVINDER MISS
PRESENTATION: NAVYA SHARMA
CLASS: X (A)

SOCIAL SCIENCE HOLIDAY HOMEWORK CORONAVIRUS AND ITS IMPACT OVER THE WORLD.pptx

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