This about advantages and disadvantage of social media

1. MODULE-3
SOCIAL MEDIA OVERVIEW AND
SECURITY
• Introduction to Social networks. Types of
Social media, Social media platforms, Social
media monitoring, Hashtag, Viral content,
Social media marketing, Social media privacy,
Challenges opportunities and pitfalls in online
social network, Security issues related to social
media, Flagging and reporting of inappropriate
content, Laws regarding posting of
inappropriate content.

2. What is social Media
• Websites and computer programs that allow
people to communicate and share information
on the internet using a computer or cell
phone.

9. What are the characteristics of a
social media platform?
The essential elements of social media platforms include:
• User-generated content means that users can create and post
content, either text, image or video.
• Sharing and commenting features including engagement metrics,
such as likes and shares and the ability to engage in online
conversation with others on the platform.
• Real-time communication and engagement.
• Data analytics and insights which show how well marketing
campaigns and efforts are performing, and how they can be
optimized to improve.
• Mobile accessibility because users engage with social media
platforms from their phones.

10. Types of Social Networks
• Facebook
• Instagram
• Twitter
• LinkedIn
• Snapchat
• Whatsup
• Youtube
• Reddit

11. Social Networks and Soceity
• Communication
• Information Sharing
• Community Building
• Business and Marketing
• Impact on Relationships

14. Social Media Monitoring
• SMM also Known as Social Media Listening or
SM Intelligence involves the process of
tracking and analyzing SM channels for
Mentions, discussions, and Sentiments related
to a brand,Product, service or specific topic

15. Aspects
• Brand Reputation Management
• Competitor Analysis
• Customer Engagement
• Crisis Management
• Market Research

16. What is social media monitoring?
• In basic terms, it’s the process of regularly tracking and
analyzing online mentions and conversations about
your brand, product, industry or competitors across
different social media platforms.
• What’s the point?
• To keep an eye on your online reputation and identify
potential issues or engagement opportunities.
• How’s it done?
• Either manually with tools like Google Alerts or
through specialized software that automates the
process and provides detailed insights and analytics.

17. Why is social media monitoring so
important?
• Social media monitoring uncovers insights vital to the
success of your marketing, PR(Public Relations) and
communications strategies.
It enables you to:
● Monitor your company’s online reputation and address
any negative comments or reviews before matters escalate
● Identify customer sentiments and preferences that can
be used to inform product development and marketing
strategies
● Track emerging industry trends and topics—and stay a
step ahead of the competition
● Respond to any customer service issues in real-time—
and improve the customer experience

18. Social media monitoring in action
• Social media monitoring has several applications that can help
businesses in different ways.
• Reputation management
• today’s world, your online reputation is your reputation.
• Monitoring your company’s online presence is a key part of a
successful digital marketing strategy.
• Social media monitoring helps you understand what’s being said;
engage with consumers responsively; and quickly resolve issues—
enabling you to better control the narrative and effectively advance
business goals.
• Customer sentiment analysis
• Rather than just counting mentions or comments, true sentiment
analysis enables you to gauge emotions and opinions—and process
all those mentions and comments in proper context.
• Social media monitoring allows you to measure that sentiment and
respond as needed.
•

19. • Competitor analysis
• Understanding where your brand stands in public opinion means
understanding how it aligns with the competition. Competitive
insights and benchmarking are critical to putting product
performance into the right perspective.
• Social media monitoring allows you to see the big picture, refine
your strategy and stay a step ahead.
• Crisis management
• Online sentiment spreads (extremely) fast. Ensuring that negative
sentiment doesn’t grow out of control means staying in tune with
the conversation and in control of the larger narrative.
• Social media monitoring allows you to identify problems early on
and craft responses that contain—and resolve—potential crises.

20. • The term “social monitoring” is often used interchangeably
with social listening. While both terms refer to a form of
social media intelligence, they don’t mean the same thing.
Monitoring tells you what your customers are saying.
• Social media monitoring is the process of collecting social
conversations and messages into a database of useful
information. You may also react to each message you read
individually, addressing concerns, complaints and questions
on each channel.
• Social media listening is the act of analyzing the useful
conversations you capture. From there, you can create
bigger campaigns and make changes to your business
based on trends you notice in the data.

21. Case studies:
• BARCLAY BARCLAY: Launched a mobile banking application
called PingIt. In the days following the launch, Barclays
made significant changes to the app as a result of real-time
social media analysis. Sentiment Analysis revealed a small
proportion of mentions were negative.
• It was quickly apparent that many users were unhappy
that the app didn’t work for under 18’s. It wasn’t only
teenagers that were unhappy, but also parents that
couldn’t transfer money to them.
• This could easily create a PR disaster, but the data allowed
Barclays to act quickly. Within the week, 16 and 17 year-
olds were given access to the app, showing the business
value of quick responsiveness to customer feedback.

22. • H&M: Ran four major campaigns that each
featured difference celebrity spokespeople.
• By measuring the volume of conversation
following the campaigns, H&M found that the
success of their endorsements depended on their
geographical markets.
• It showed how different cultures and customs
can affect how an audience receives your
marketing campaigns, and how markets with
limited engagement may benefit from a different
approach.

23. HASHTAGS
• Are keywords or phrases proceed by the ‘#’
symbol used on social media plafforms to
categorize content and make it discoverable
by users interested in a specific topic.

24. • Content Categorization
• Trend idenification
• Campaigns
• Movements
• Branding
• Community building

25. HASHTAGS:
• Hashtags are everywhere; they appear in our social
media posts on a regular basis, they connect platforms,
and for the most astute businesses, they may even
carry the themes of an entire marketing campaign.
• Hashtags are composed of a pound sign linked to a
word or phrase that represents the topic of your work.
Hashtags are used to categorize or arrange content on
a specific topic.
• In essence, a hashtag becomes a hyperlink that, when
clicked, takes you to the search result. Individuals may
use hashtags to search for information and interact
with people who share their interests.

26. • A hashtag is a label used on social networking platforms to
help people identify posts or material that has a certain
theme or has specified content. It is made by placing the
symbol "#" in front of a word or words that do not contain
any spaces.
• Hashtags are an excellent method to categorize and locate
niche(a specialized segment of the market for a particular
kind of product or service) social media material.
• Hashtags make all of your content easy to find.
• Hashtags enable social media users to locate and interact
with material based on shared themes or interests.
• Hashtags also help material reach a wider audience and
be discovered by individuals all over the world.

27. Importance of Hashtags on social
media
• A hashtag is a label that is used on social
networking platforms to make it simpler to
locate material with a given subject or
substance. Hashtags encourage social media
users to look into information that curiosity
their interest.
• Associations can utilise hashtags to reach
their intended audience and to assist
members in filtering information.

28. Increase engagement
• By including hashtags in your postings, you are
participating in a discourse that is going on
that social media network.
• Above all, it makes your posts noticeable in
that conversation. This can result in more
interaction, which can promote your brand's
social media involvement through likes,
shares, comments, and new followers.

29. Build brand awareness with branded
hashtag
• Creating a customised hashtag may be a powerful method
to advertise your company and spark conversations.
Branded hashtags, as the name implies, contain the name
of your company.
• However, they may also include your company's tagline, the
name of a specific product, or the name of one of your
campaigns.
• The first benefit of employing hashtags is that you can track
the performance of your campaign simply by focusing on
your branded hashtags, and the second benefit is user-
generated content.
• Every time a user includes one of your branded hashtags in
one of their posts, they increase your social media profile.

30. Show support for social issues
• Using a hashtag associated with an issue other
than your brand is a great approach to rally
support for a worthy cause or concern.
• Brands may also establish a branded hashtag
that demonstrates their affiliation with a
social issue. On International Women's Day,
for example, the hashtag #EachforEqual is
trending on social networking networks such
as LinkedIn.

31. Adds context to social media post
• Using a hashtag is an easy method to
contextualize what you're saying without taking
up valuable character space or writing
redundant captions.
• You don't have a lot of space to make a caption
on Twitter. You have a total of 280 characters.
• Longer captions on Instagram aren't necessarily
the most effective. The same can be said for
Facebook, Pinterest, LinkedIn, and any other
platform—sometimes less is more.

32. Helps your target audience find you
• Users may follow hashtags as well as other
users on Linkedin and Instagram. Another
technique to help new consumers locate your
business is to include a few famous hashtags.
• If you include the hashtag #Food in your
Instagram postings, anybody who follows that
hashtag will see your most recent post in their
feed. You may earn some new followers as a
result of this.

33. Disclose sponsor partnership
• This is just for companies and influencers. When
collaborating with sponsors, influencers must
inform their followers that a piece of content is
sponsored.
• The FTC(Fedral Trade Commission) made it
mandatory to reveal sponsorship when they
announced specific advertising disclosure
standards for internet influencers in 2019. Failure
to comply can result in significant penalties for
both the influencer and the company.

34. Viral content
• "viral content" can mean different things to
different people. viral content is any piece of
online content that is so interesting,
entertaining, or informative that it prompts
people to share it with their friends and
contacts

35. Why Use it?
• There are many reasons to use viral content in your marketing strategy.
• First, it's a great way to get your message out there. By sharing content that is interesting and
engaging, you can increase awareness of your brand or product and reach a larger
audience.
•
Second, viral content is a great way to create engagement with your customers. When
people share or comment on your content, they are more likely to become engaged
with your brand or product. This can lead to increased loyalty and customer
satisfaction.
•
Finally, viral content is a great way to boost SEO Finally, viral content is a great way to
boost SEO results. By including keywords and links in your viral content, you can
improve your search engine rankings and attract more visitors to your website.
•
results. By including keywords and links in your viral content, you can
improve your search engine rankings and attract more visitors to your
website.

36. Best Viral Content Ideas
• In order to create viral content, it is important
to understand what makes something go viral.
There are many factors that can contribute,
but often it is a combination of humor,
information, emotion, and relatability that
catches on and spreads like wildfire.

37. 1. Infographics
• When it comes to creating viral content,
infographics are one of the best options.
• They’re easy to share on social media, and they
quickly communicate a lot of information. Plus,
they can be really fun and engaging to look at.
• If you want to create an infographic that will go
viral, start by coming up with a topic that is both
interesting and relevant. Then, use data and
statistics to back up your points. Be sure to design
your infographic in a visually appealing way, and
make sure it’s easy to share online.

38. 2. Run a Giveaway
• Keep it simple: The easier it is for people to enter, the
more likely they are to do so.
• Make it fun: People love contests and giveaways that
are fun and exciting.
• Promote, promote, promote! Be sure to promote your
contest or giveaway as much as possible on social
media, and don't forget to use hashtags so that
everyone can find it.
• Tag others: Ask your audience to tag their friends for
more reach.
•

39. 3. Puzzles
• If you want your social media account to go viral, then
consider posting puzzles.
• Puzzles are a great way to engage your followers and get them
to share your content with their friends. There are many
different types of puzzles that you can post, from word
searches to crosswords.
• Make sure that the puzzles are relevant to your audience. If
you are targeting millennials, then consider posting puzzles
that are related to pop culture or current events.
• If you are targeting baby boomers, then consider puzzles that
are related to history or classical literature.
• In order to make your puzzles more interactive, consider
adding a contest element. For example, ask followers to
submit their solutions as a comment for a chance to win a
prize.

40. Memes
• If you're looking for a great and most popular way
to create viral content for your social media
channels, consider creating memes.
• Memes can be a great way to connect with your
audience and get them engaged with your brand.
They're also a fun way to show off your
personality and create a connection with your
followers.
• To create successful memes, make sure they are
funny, relevant, and easy to share.

42. Listicles
• If you're looking to create some viral content,
listicles are always a great option.
• Listicles are articles that consist of a series of lists.
For example, "5 best tools for writers”. They're
easy to read, and people love sharing lists on
social media.
• To make your listicle even more shareable, make
sure it's relevant to your audience and includes
eye-catching visuals.

44. Motivational Content
• One of the best content ideas for social media is
motivational content.
• This could be in the form of quotes, videos, or articles that
inspire people to reach their goals. When shared on social
media, this type of content can go viral very quickly
because it resonates with people and inspires them to take
action.
• To come up with ideas for your next motivational post, look
at what's trending on social media. Pay attention to current
events and hot topics, and try to find a way to tie them into
your message.

45. Host a Challenge
• Social media platforms are a great way to create challenges that can
go viral.
• By creating a challenge that is unique and interesting, you can
increase the chances that it will be shared online.
• When choosing a challenge, make sure that it is something that
people will want to participate in. You also need to make sure that
the rules are clear and easy to follow.
• As the challenge creator, you should be prepared to monitor the
progress of the challenge and answer any questions from
participants.
• When the challenge is over, be sure to announce the winner and
give them a prize. So, they will be interested and will participate
again when you host the next challenge.

46. How-to Tutorials
• If you want your content to go viral, consider
using AI writers for creating how-to tutorials.
People love learning new things, and if you
can teach them something that will make their
life easier, they’re likely to share your content
with their friends.

47. Quizzes
• Quizzes are the perfect way to create viral
content for social media.
• They’re interactive, engaging, and can be
tailored to fit any brand or topic. Plus, there
are countless quiz tools and platforms
available online, making it easy to create and
share your quizzes with your audience.

48. Do a Poll
• One of the most popular and successful types of viral
content is the “This or That” poll.
• This type of poll is easy to create and can be shared on
social media very easily. And because people love to vote
and share their opinions, it’s likely that your poll will get a
lot of engagement online.
•
To create a successful “This or That” poll, make sure you
choose two interesting topics that people will have strong
opinions about. You can also ask questions that are relevant
to your audience or that are fun and interesting.
•

49. 3 Tips to Increase the Organic Reach
of Viral Content on Social Media
• 1. Use Hashtags
• The first way to increase the reach of your content on social media is by using
hashtags. Hashtags are a great way to get your content in front of more
people, as they help your posts show up in more search results.
• 2. Post Regularly
• If you want your content to reach more people on social media, post regularly.
Studies have shown that if you post something new at least once a day, you’re
more likely to see a higher reach and engagement.
• 3. Timing Matters
• When you post content on social media, it’s important to consider when your
followers will be most likely to see it. If you post at the wrong time, your
content may not reach as many people as you would like.
• To maximize the reach of your content, consider posting it when most of your
followers are active on social media. For example, if you have a majority of US-
based followers, post during the morning or evening hours in the US.
•

50. Ocoya
• Ocoya is a great tool that allows people to
create stunning social media posts and
schedule them with a single click. With some
creativity and determination, you can create
your next viral post within 5 minutes.
•

51. • An amazing tool for social media post design.
• Don’t know how to find hashtags? Don’t worry! With
Ocoya, you can generate trendy and relevant hashtags
with just a single click.
• Find it difficult to write social media post captions?
Ocoya offers an AI writing tool that allows people to
generate social media post captions, blog intro
paragraphs, ad copies, and so on.
• It allows users to integrate their social profiles and
schedule the social media posts for a specific time and
date to publish. You can also check the analytics for
your social media profile.

52. Social media marketing
• Social media marketing (also known as digital
marketing and e-marketing) Social media
marketing (SMM) is the use of social media
platforms to interact with customers to build
brands, increase sales, and drive website
traffic.

53. Why we need SMM?
• Reaching targeted NICHE(a specialized segment
of the market for a particular kind of product or
service) -Oriented Audience(Free/Paid)
• Increased Engagement and Response
• Building Trust, Credibility and relationship with
your audience other brands
• Viral sharing: Allowing others to share your
content
• Increasing website

54. • Building conversions
• Raising brand awareness
• Creating a brand identity and positive brand
association
• Improving communication and interac tion
with key audience

55. Social media marketing

57. How to do Business in SM
• Start with a plan
• Consider your business goals
• What are you hoping to achieve through social
media marketing?
• Who is yr targeted audience ?ex:youtube,
instagram(content creator)
• Where would your target audience hangout
and how would they use social media B to C
ex:Instagram, youtube, facebook

58. • What message do you want to send to your
audience with SMM?
• Your business type should inform and drive
your SMM strategy?

59. Social Media Trends
• Organic Reach is down or more difficult
• Social media Algorithm priortize advtisements
becoming more”Pay to Play”

60. Best Network for SMM?
• Honestly Nothing is best, everything depends on your end
goals and where your customers
• Facebook
• Youtube
• Twitter
• Instagram
• Pintrest
• Snapchat
• Linkedin
• Whatsup
• Reddit
• quora

61. About Facebook
• Launched in 2004
• 2.93 million monthly active users with 16%
increase every year
• Facebook monthly active users who log in
each day 67%
• Every 60 sec, 5,10,1000 comments are posted
2,93,000 status are updated and 1,36,000
photos are uploaded.

62. • India has atleast 349.7 million active facebook
users
• 43.2% of facebook’s global users are female
• 56.8% of facebook’s global users are male
• 98.5% of FB auidence aged 18+ accessed the
platform via mobile in 2021.
• It offers marketers the most data and the most
targeted ads.

63. • Numbers of users
• Gather more leads
• Targeted auidence
• Build brand loyalty
• Increase your web traffic
• Facebook dominates social sales

64. Advantages and Disadvantages of
Social Media Marketing (SMM)
Pros
• May help companies enhance brand recognition easily
• Offers companies more cost-effective solutions with great exposure
• May be leveraged to increase website traffic and real-time feedback
• May be leveraged for targeted or specific engagements
• Cons
• May be time-consuming to set up and maintain
• May be unpredictable, as different platforms may change
algorithms
• May result in negative feedback displayed in a very public fashion
• May be difficult to fully understand the true ROI

65. Social media privacy
• Social media is not a new term for us. Our
daily life is incomplete, or we can say we
human beings survive on food, water, air and
social media. We are dependent to such an
extent that we tend to share every bit of
information about us on social platform. But
stop for a minute and think, Are we really
secure? Do we have any Privacy?

66. to maintain a certain level of privacy on
social media sites, here are some tips:
• Please read Terms and Conditions carefully. I know it’s
a bit difficult and time-consuming task, but at least
have a look.
• Go through privacy settings in your account. Don’t rely
on default settings.
• Please stop clicking on useless posts like “Check your
death day”, “Find which celebrity do you look like” and
so on.
• Install a good antivirus software in your laptop and
phone.
•

67. • Turn off your location. Some sites even keep track of your
activities in the offline world, but turning off location will at
least do the least possible loss.
• Don’t forget to set up Security Answers.
• Never leave your account logged in. You are in a way
inviting cyber criminals to hack your account or act as an
impostor.
• Always Check and Analyse your post before posting. Try not
to put too much revealing photos online. For example, I
have once seen a person posting his daughter’s photo
online where the school name was clearly visible on the
bus. Thus, giving personal and private information to
everyone. Try to blur such minor but important details
before posting a photo.
• Always try to create strong password for a site and try to
change it in regular interval of time. Never ever set same
passwords for multiple sites.

68. • Don’t forget to set up Security Answers.
• Never leave your account logged in. You are in a way inviting cyber
criminals to hack your account or act as an impostor.
• Always Check and Analyse your post before posting. Try not to put
too much revealing photos online. For example, I have once seen a
person posting his daughter’s photo online where the school name
was clearly visible on the bus. Thus, giving personal and private
information to everyone. Try to blur such minor but important
details before posting a photo.
• Always try to create strong password for a site and try to change it
in regular interval of time. Never ever set same passwords for
multiple sites.

69. Challenges, opportunities and pitfalls
in online social network
• Social media challenges for business
• There are so many social media tools and platforms it can be hard
to know where to begin.
• For small businesses the key issue is resource - if you don't have
someone able to manage a social media campaign, it can be a drain
on your time and a potential distraction from your core business.
Some of the main challenges to consider are:
• What do you hope to achieve by using social media?
• How much time you can devote to social media?
• What are the most effective platforms to use?
• What are you trying to achieve for your business?

70. • While social media gives you the chance to build brand
awareness and customer loyalty, there are also dangers in
participating in a public conversation forum. You need to have
a clear idea of how to handle negative feedback about your
business.
• You need to ensure that what you post and how you interact
with people presents a professional image to the world.
• Writing down a set of rules for how you will manage social
media can help you to steer through the challenges - see how
to develop a social media strategy.
• It's important to consider the legal implications and best
practice using social media in order to avoid problems.
• Business use of social media has also raised customer
expectations. They now expect immediacy in their online
interactions - where content is regularly updated and any
comments they make are quickly replied to. You should
consider how these expectations will be managed.
•

71. opportunities and pitfalls in online
social network,
• Social media opportunities for business
• directly target customers with marketing
campaigns.
• promote new products or services.
• build brand awareness.
• personally interact with existing and potential
customers.
• measure referrals from your social media activity
to sales.

72. Social media opportunities for
business
• Home computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and even internet
enabled televisions mean people can easily access the web from
anywhere at any time.
• Faster connections, new devices and new online applications have
all helped to change the way people work, socialise and shop.
• It is now easier than ever for businesses to:
• directly target customers with marketing campaigns
• promote new products or services
• build brand awareness
• personally interact with existing and potential customers
• measure referrals from your social media activity to sales
•

73. • Social media can be a cheap and effective way of starting a
marketing campaign, with a big impact possible from minimal
investment.
• Your social media strategy should contain a smart mix of engaging
content and a friendly and responsive 'persona' that can grow a
focused community which is interested in your
product/service/brand and can recommend your business to
others.
• Social media should be incorporated into your public relations (PR)
strategy.
• PR means getting people to talk and think about your business in a
positive way.
• Social media provides a platform for your customers to talk with
each other. How you manage that platform and engage with what
your customers are saying is an important part of your PR strategy.

74. Pitfalls of Social Media
• Distraction
• Comparison
• Too many opinions
• Lack of authenticity.
• Emotional backlog
• Shortened attention span
• Impatience
• State of emergency
• FOMO- Fear Of Missing Out
• Impunity
• These pitfalls are not inevitable! You fall into them when you use
social media without awareness. When you intentionally and
mindfully use social media, these pitfalls can be avoided…and so
can the stress these pitfalls cause.

75. Security issues related to social Media
What types of data do social media platforms
collect?
When users create a social media account and
use the platform, they leave a digital
footprint on the internet.

76. • Even if an account is private, advertisers and scammers can
get sensitive data, such as the following:
• status updates, including work, life and relationship events;
• religious beliefs;
• profile information, including name, contact information and
birthdate;
• location data, including your hometown, check-in locations,
previous cities lived or exact address;
• personal interests, such as buying history and website
interactions;
• shared content, such as status updates, photos and videos;
• engagement on social media, including likes, shares or
comments on other posts;
• employment information, including current or past jobs; and
• personal identifiers, such as age, race and gender.

77. • Social media posts can reveal attitudinal data,
which captures feelings and emotions. This data
measures how users feel about certain messages
and content. Attitudinal data can be used with
surveys, interviews, reviews, feedback,
preferences and complaints.
• Preference data on social media discloses how a
user supports various ideas, activities and
content, such as politics, food, entertainment
genres and religious beliefs.

78. What do companies do with this
data?
• Social media platforms use data to analyze the market, show
atargeted ads, tailor services and recommend posts.
• Dislikes and likes can lso help shape a user's social media portrait.
• Companies use this information to find out the interests of their
customers. They may ask if the ads are relevant on their channels.
These short questions can help customize ads to a person's
interests.
• Social media surveys also ask questions about your interests. These
responses are recorded, and companies related to user interests
can purchase the data, along with other's in the relevant interest
category, such as pet owner, car enthusiast or video gamer. With
the information collected from these surveys, companies can tag
users to keep them engaged with their social media posts.

79. • When a platform advertises a brand, it gets paid
in return. These posts may appear as sponsored
content to users with data relating to the
advertising brand. Companies pay to appear on
the social media feeds with users matching their
products. This targeted information is gathered
from tracking cookies or information shared. If
users provide an email or phone number,
companies could also use those to share
information with users about their products and
services.

80. Common social media privacy issues
• With the large amount of data on user social
media accounts, scammers can find enough
information to spy on users, steal identities and
attempt scams.
• Data protection issues and loopholes in privacy
controls can put user information at risk when
using social media. Other social media privacy
issues include the following.
•

81. • Data mining for identity theft
• Privacy setting loopholes
• Location settings
• Harassment and cyberbullying
• False information
• Malware and viruses

82. How to protect your information
• Use strong passwords.
• Avoid public devices
• Don't overshare
• Disable geolocation data
• Don't click on suspicious links
• Use two-factor authentication

83. Flagging and reporting of
inappropriate content
• The flag is now a common mechanism for reporting offensive
content to an online platform, and is used widely across most
popular social media sites.
• It serves both as a solution to the problem of curating massive
collections of user-generated content and as a rhetorical (Relating
to) justification for platform owners when they decide to remove
content.
• Flags are becoming a present mechanism of governance—yet their
meaning is anything but straightforward. In practice, the
interactions between users, flags, algorithms, content moderators,
and platforms are complex and highly strategic.
• Significantly, flags are asked to bear a great deal of weight,
arbitrating both the relationship between users and platforms, and
the negotiation around contentious public issues.

84. • Flagging and reporting systems play very
important role in maintaining a safe and
respectful online environment. These systems
empower users to identify report content that
violates community guidelines or standards.
•

85. Social media platforms
1. Facebook:
Flagging process
• Click on the three dots next to the post or comment.
• Select “Find support or report post.
• Follow the on-screen instructions to report the
content.
Reporting process
• Visit the user’s profile
• Click on the three dots on their cover photo
• Select find support or report profile.
• Follow the instructions to report the account

86. 2.Twitter
3.Instagram
4.LinkedIn

87. Video sharing Platforms
1. Youtube
2. Tik tok

88. Online forums
• Reddit
• Quora

89. Laws regarding posting of
inappropriate content
• Defamation Laws
1. IPC (Indian Penal code sections 499 and 500)
• section 499 of the IPC defines defamation, section 500
states punishment for the same. According to section 500
any person who defames another person is subject to
punishment, which shall include fine, or imprisonment
which shall not exceed more than two years or both.
2. Section 66A of the IT Act
What does Section 66(A) of the IT Act say? Section 66(A) of
the Act criminalises the sending of offensive messages
through a computer or other communication devices

90. Obscenity laws
•
This provision prohibits the sale or publication of any
obscene pamphlet, book, paper, painting, and other such
materials. Section 293 of the IPC criminalises the sale or
distribution of obscene objects to anyone who is under the
age of 20, or an attempt to do so.
• Under the Indian Penal Code (IPC), Sections 292, 293 and
294 deal with the offence of obscenity.
• Section 292 says that any content shall be deemed to be
obscene if it is lascivious or appeals to the prurient interest,
or if its effect tends to deprave and corrupt persons likely to
read, see or hear the content.

91. cyberbullying
• Section 354 (D): Any person found guilty of
stalking someone, monitoring someone's private
activities, their whereabouts, their daily lives,
without their permission and knowledge on the
internet with an intention to harm or hurt that
person, which is somehow cyberbullying, the
person stalking must be punished with ...
•

92. hate speech and incitement to
violence
• Generally, however, hate speech is any form of expression
through which speakers intend to vilify, humiliate, or incite
hatred against a group or a class of persons on the basis of
race, religion, skin color sexual identity, gender identity,
ethnicity, disability, or national origin.
• Section 153B, IPC: This section penalises any imputation
regarding religious, racial, language, region, group, caste,
community cannot bear true faith to the COI, or deprived
as Indian citizens, or cause disharmony or feelings of
enmity or hatred or ill- will between such members and
other persons.
•

93. online harassment and threats
• The Indian Penal Code: The Indian Penal Code
provides for several provisions that deal with
harassment and intimidation, including sections
503 (criminal intimidation), 504 (intentional insult
with intent to provoke breach of the peace), and
509 (word, gesture or act intended to insult the
modesty of a woman).5 Feb 2023
•

94. Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM)
• The Posco act has been amended in 2019, the
amended POCSO included stringent measures
such as the death penalty for aggravated
sexual assault on children. The Protection of
Children from Sexual Offences (Amendment)
Act, 2019 has introduced several provisions to
curb child pornography in India.

95. liability of intermediaries under it act
• Intermediary liability occurs where governments or private litigants
can hold technological intermediaries, such as ISPs and websites,
liable for unlawful or harmful content created by users of those
services. This can occur in various circumstances, including
copyright infringements, digital piracy, trademark ...
•
This Section stipulates that an intermediary shall not be liable for
any information hosted by it if –
• a) the function of intermediary is limited to providing access to the
system over which the information is transmitted
• b) it does not initiate transmission or select the receiver or modify
the information being