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UNIT 3.4
SYSTEMIC LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOUS
(SLE)
By Group 13
MHMS 2094
1
The pathogenesis
and
pathophysiology
of SLE
2 3
LEARNING
OUTCOME
The clinical
manifestations
and diagnostic
approaches of SLE
The therapeutic
interventions and
care in the
management SLE
DEFINISI
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), adalah
jenis lupus yang paling biasa.
SLE ialah penyakit autoimun di mana sistem
imun menyerang tisunya sendiri,
menyebabkan keradangan berleluasa dan
kerosakan tisu pada organ yang terjejas.
SLE boleh menjejaskan sendi, kulit, otak,
paru-paru, buah pinggang, dan saluran
darah.
ETIOLOGI
Tidak diketahui, namun ia dikaitkan dengan
beberapa faktor lain :
UNKNOWN
Ahli keluarga
FAKTOR GENETIK
FAKTOR PERSEKITARAN FAKTOR HORMON
cahaya matahari
bahan kimia
virus
Androgen
Estrogen
PATOFISIOLOGI
Etiologi/ Agen pencetus
Tindak balas autoimun yang tidak normal
Pengeluaran autoantibodi yang
boleh menyebabkan kerosakan pada organ dan tisu
Keabnormalan dalam kedua-dua sel T dan sel B (terlalu aktif)
MANIFESTASI KLINIKAL
Keletihan
Demam
Sakit sendi, kekakuan, dan bengkak
Ruam berbentuk rama-rama di muka
Lesi kulit yang muncul atau bertambah teruk dengan
pendedahan matahari
Jari tangan dan kaki yang bertukar menjadi putih atau biru
apabila terdedah kepada selsema atau semasa tempoh
tekanan
Sesak nafas
Sakit dada
Mata kering
Sakit kepala, kekeliruan dan hilang ingatan
Tanda-tanda dan simptom lupus yang dialami akan bergantung pada sistem badan
yang terjejas oleh penyakit tersebut. Tanda dan gejala yang paling biasa termasuk;
INVESTIGASI
LABORATORY TEST
Ujian ini mengukur bilangan sel darah merah, sel darah putih dan platelet serta
jumlah hemoglobin, iaitu protein dalam sel darah merah.
1. COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT
Pemeriksaan sampel air kencing mungkin menunjukkan peningkatan paras
protein atau sel darah merah dalam air kencing yang mungkin berlaku jika
lupus telah menjejaskan buah pinggang anda.
Ujian positif untuk melihat kehadiran antibodi yang dihasilkan oleh sistem imun
menunjukkan sistem imun dirangsang.
Ujian darah boleh menilai sejauh mana buah pinggang dan hati anda berfungsi.
Lupus boleh menjejaskan organ ini.
Blood test and liver test may include;
2. URINALYSIS
3. ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY (ANA) TEST
4. KIDNEY AND LIVER ASSESSMENT
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
Imej dada anda mungkin mendedahkan bayang-
bayang yang tidak normal seperti ada cecair atau
keradangan dalam paru-paru anda.
Ujian ini menggunakan gelombang bunyi untuk
menghasilkan imej yang nyata pada jantung. Ia
boleh menyemak masalah injap dan juga bahagian
lain di bahagian jantung.
CHEST X-RAY
IMAGING TEST
Vasculitis
Multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
Mixed connective
tissue disease
(MCTD)
Rheumatoid
arthritis (RA)
DIFFRENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
KOMPLIKASI
Blood clots and inflammation of blood vessels or vasculitis
Inflammation of the heart, or pericarditis
Heart attack
Stroke
Memory changes
Behavioral changes
Seizures
Inflammation of lung tissue and the lining of the lung, or pleuritis
Kidney inflammation
Decreased kidney function
Kidney failure
PENGURUSAN
RAWATAN
NON-STEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
(NSAIDS) • Aspirin • Ibuprofen • Indomethacin
CORTICOSTEROIDS • Prednisone • Prednisolone •
Hydrocortisone
ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS • Chloroquine
IMMUNE SUPPRESSANTS • Cyclophosphamide •
Azathioprine
PENGURUSAN
RAWATAN
Rest / good sleep
Avoid stress, sun (use protective clothing
/ sun block)
Nutrition / Diet.
Prevent infection
Good hygiene.
Topical – steroid cream for rashes.
Health education
PROGNOSIS
Diagnosis awal dengan terapi bertujuan untuk
mencegah kerosakan organ, pemantauan dan
menyaring pesakit untuk penyakit
kardiovaskular dan jangkitan dengan awal
Pesakit Sle mengalami morbiditi yang ketara
dan membawa kematian yang tinggi.
Kadar kelangsungan hidup adalah 85% hingga
90% dalam tempoh 10 tahun pertama
Kematian termasuk penyakit kardiovaskular,
jangkitan dan penyakit buah pinggang.
RUJUKAN
Herzer, P., Kuhn, A., & Schneider, M. (2019, Jun 19). The Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Retrieved from National Library of medicine: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4558874/#
TERIMA KASIH
SOALAN MCQ
Berikut merupakan etiologi penyakit Systhemic Lupus Ertythematous (SLE)
1.
i) Hormon
ii) Genetik
iii) Persekitaran
iv) Tidak diketahui
a) I dan ii
b) i dan iii
c) iii dan iv
d) semua di atas
SOALAN MCQ
2. Ujian urinalisis iaitu pemeriksaan sampel air kencing yang ditunjukkan bagi
pesakit SLE adalah
a) penurunan paras protein atau sel darah merah dalam air kencing
b) peningkatan paras protein atau sel darah merah dalam air kencing
c) peningkatan paras protein atau sel darah putih dalam air kencing
d) penurunan paras protein atau sel darah putih dalam air kencing
SOALAN MCQ
3. Apakah tanda dan gejala penyakit lupus?
a) Pening
b) Ruam pada muka
c) Keresahan
d) Berdebar-debar
SOALAN MCQ
4. Berikut merupakan komplikasi penyakit Systhemic Lupus Ertythematous (SLE) , kecuali
a)Blood clots and inflammation of blood vessels or vasculitis
b)Inflammation of the heart, or pericarditis
c)Memory changes
d)Epilepsy
SOALAN MCQ
5. How is Lupus treated?
a)Surgery
b) Radiation therapy
c) Anti-inflammatory medicine
d) None of the above
SOALAN SEQ
Huraikan patofisiologi penyakit Systhemic Lupus Ertythematous (SLE)
Terangkan pengurusan rawatan dan pendidikan kesihatan bagi penyakit
Systhemic Lupus Ertythematous (SLE)
1.
2.

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SLE.pdf

  • 2. 1 The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of SLE 2 3 LEARNING OUTCOME The clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches of SLE The therapeutic interventions and care in the management SLE
  • 3. DEFINISI Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), adalah jenis lupus yang paling biasa. SLE ialah penyakit autoimun di mana sistem imun menyerang tisunya sendiri, menyebabkan keradangan berleluasa dan kerosakan tisu pada organ yang terjejas. SLE boleh menjejaskan sendi, kulit, otak, paru-paru, buah pinggang, dan saluran darah.
  • 4. ETIOLOGI Tidak diketahui, namun ia dikaitkan dengan beberapa faktor lain : UNKNOWN Ahli keluarga FAKTOR GENETIK FAKTOR PERSEKITARAN FAKTOR HORMON cahaya matahari bahan kimia virus Androgen Estrogen
  • 5. PATOFISIOLOGI Etiologi/ Agen pencetus Tindak balas autoimun yang tidak normal Pengeluaran autoantibodi yang boleh menyebabkan kerosakan pada organ dan tisu Keabnormalan dalam kedua-dua sel T dan sel B (terlalu aktif)
  • 6. MANIFESTASI KLINIKAL Keletihan Demam Sakit sendi, kekakuan, dan bengkak Ruam berbentuk rama-rama di muka Lesi kulit yang muncul atau bertambah teruk dengan pendedahan matahari Jari tangan dan kaki yang bertukar menjadi putih atau biru apabila terdedah kepada selsema atau semasa tempoh tekanan Sesak nafas Sakit dada Mata kering Sakit kepala, kekeliruan dan hilang ingatan Tanda-tanda dan simptom lupus yang dialami akan bergantung pada sistem badan yang terjejas oleh penyakit tersebut. Tanda dan gejala yang paling biasa termasuk;
  • 8. LABORATORY TEST Ujian ini mengukur bilangan sel darah merah, sel darah putih dan platelet serta jumlah hemoglobin, iaitu protein dalam sel darah merah. 1. COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT Pemeriksaan sampel air kencing mungkin menunjukkan peningkatan paras protein atau sel darah merah dalam air kencing yang mungkin berlaku jika lupus telah menjejaskan buah pinggang anda. Ujian positif untuk melihat kehadiran antibodi yang dihasilkan oleh sistem imun menunjukkan sistem imun dirangsang. Ujian darah boleh menilai sejauh mana buah pinggang dan hati anda berfungsi. Lupus boleh menjejaskan organ ini. Blood test and liver test may include; 2. URINALYSIS 3. ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY (ANA) TEST 4. KIDNEY AND LIVER ASSESSMENT
  • 9. ECHOCARDIOGRAM Imej dada anda mungkin mendedahkan bayang- bayang yang tidak normal seperti ada cecair atau keradangan dalam paru-paru anda. Ujian ini menggunakan gelombang bunyi untuk menghasilkan imej yang nyata pada jantung. Ia boleh menyemak masalah injap dan juga bahagian lain di bahagian jantung. CHEST X-RAY IMAGING TEST
  • 11. KOMPLIKASI Blood clots and inflammation of blood vessels or vasculitis Inflammation of the heart, or pericarditis Heart attack Stroke Memory changes Behavioral changes Seizures Inflammation of lung tissue and the lining of the lung, or pleuritis Kidney inflammation Decreased kidney function Kidney failure
  • 12. PENGURUSAN RAWATAN NON-STEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDS) • Aspirin • Ibuprofen • Indomethacin CORTICOSTEROIDS • Prednisone • Prednisolone • Hydrocortisone ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS • Chloroquine IMMUNE SUPPRESSANTS • Cyclophosphamide • Azathioprine
  • 13. PENGURUSAN RAWATAN Rest / good sleep Avoid stress, sun (use protective clothing / sun block) Nutrition / Diet. Prevent infection Good hygiene. Topical – steroid cream for rashes. Health education
  • 14. PROGNOSIS Diagnosis awal dengan terapi bertujuan untuk mencegah kerosakan organ, pemantauan dan menyaring pesakit untuk penyakit kardiovaskular dan jangkitan dengan awal Pesakit Sle mengalami morbiditi yang ketara dan membawa kematian yang tinggi. Kadar kelangsungan hidup adalah 85% hingga 90% dalam tempoh 10 tahun pertama Kematian termasuk penyakit kardiovaskular, jangkitan dan penyakit buah pinggang.
  • 15. RUJUKAN Herzer, P., Kuhn, A., & Schneider, M. (2019, Jun 19). The Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Retrieved from National Library of medicine: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4558874/#
  • 17. SOALAN MCQ Berikut merupakan etiologi penyakit Systhemic Lupus Ertythematous (SLE) 1. i) Hormon ii) Genetik iii) Persekitaran iv) Tidak diketahui a) I dan ii b) i dan iii c) iii dan iv d) semua di atas
  • 18. SOALAN MCQ 2. Ujian urinalisis iaitu pemeriksaan sampel air kencing yang ditunjukkan bagi pesakit SLE adalah a) penurunan paras protein atau sel darah merah dalam air kencing b) peningkatan paras protein atau sel darah merah dalam air kencing c) peningkatan paras protein atau sel darah putih dalam air kencing d) penurunan paras protein atau sel darah putih dalam air kencing
  • 19. SOALAN MCQ 3. Apakah tanda dan gejala penyakit lupus? a) Pening b) Ruam pada muka c) Keresahan d) Berdebar-debar
  • 20. SOALAN MCQ 4. Berikut merupakan komplikasi penyakit Systhemic Lupus Ertythematous (SLE) , kecuali a)Blood clots and inflammation of blood vessels or vasculitis b)Inflammation of the heart, or pericarditis c)Memory changes d)Epilepsy
  • 21. SOALAN MCQ 5. How is Lupus treated? a)Surgery b) Radiation therapy c) Anti-inflammatory medicine d) None of the above
  • 22. SOALAN SEQ Huraikan patofisiologi penyakit Systhemic Lupus Ertythematous (SLE) Terangkan pengurusan rawatan dan pendidikan kesihatan bagi penyakit Systhemic Lupus Ertythematous (SLE) 1. 2.