This document outlines the basics of Hanyu Pinyin, the system for romanizing Mandarin Chinese. It includes: 1) A table of the 23 initial consonants and finals that can be combined to form syllables. 2) Rules for combining initials and finals, including limitations on certain combinations. 3) Spelling rules for when an i or u final is at the beginning of a syllable without a preceding consonant.

1. 汉语拼音
han yu pin yin

2. 声母表 Initial (23)
b p m f
d t n l
g k h
j q x
zh ch sh r
z c s
y w

3. 韵母 Finals
a o e i u ű 单韵母 (simple Finals)
ia ie ua uo 二合韵母 ( double Finals)
ai ei ao ou 二合韵母 ( double Finals)
an en ang eng er 鼻韵母 (nose Finals)

4. 复韵母 (Compound Finals)
ia ie ua uo 二合韵母
ai ei ao ou 二合韵母
an en ang eng er 鼻韵母

5. 复韵母 (Compound Finals)
• iao
iu(iou) uai ui(uei)
• uan un(uen) uang ueng
• in ing ian iang iong
• ong
•űe ű an ű n(ű en)

6. • j q x
The finals that can be combine are limited to
i and ű
J + ű = ju (2 dots above u is omitted)

7. Spelling Rules
• If there is no consonant before i, , i is
written as y .
• ia – ya
• ie – ye
• iao- yao
• iu– you
• ian—yan
• iang---yang

8. Spelling Rules
• If there is no initial consonant before ű, , add a
(y) and drop the 2 dots y.
•ű - yu
• űe - yue
• űan -yun
• űn(ű en) - yun