The document discusses the Eclipse e4 programming model, highlighting its advantages over the 3.x version, such as reduced complexity and improved UI flexibility. It emphasizes the use of dependency injection for managing services and a modeled workbench that allows for dynamic and user-customizable interfaces. The document also covers CSS styling in Eclipse e4 and provides insights into the lifecycle of application components and services.

1. Eclipse e4
DI, services,
CSS and the
modeled
Workbench
Lars Vogel
http://www.vogella.de
http://www.twitter.com/vogella

2. Mini-Agenda

3. Eclipse e4 Scope
Targets development for Eclipse
(plugins) or based on Eclipse
(Eclipse RCP).

4. Eclipse e4 Targets
Make Eclipse development more effective and the
result more visual appealing.

5. So, what’s wrong with
Eclipse 3.X?

6. Problems with the Eclipse 3.x programming
model
• Complex
• Lots of API
• Platform functionality via
singletons
• Not easy to test
• Not a consistent way to
define the UI
• UI makes assumptions, e.g.
Editors / Views

7. If only Eclipse development
would be easier and the UI
would be more flexible.
7

8. Eclipse e4 – Building blocks
Declarative Styling
Rendering Engine
Modeled Workbench
Dependecy Injection
IEclipseContext
Core Services

9. Eclipse e4 – Add-ons
XWT
Open Social
Gadgets
Toolkit
Model

10. The Modeled Workbench

11. The e4 Workbench Model

12. Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) is fantastic because:
De-facto standard for modeling in Eclipse
IfIf I only had a consistent
I only had a consistent
view and behavior of the
Proven domain model technology
view and behavior of the
Eclipse workbenchsmall (1.5 MB) and highly
Eclipse workbench
Runtime
optimized
Tooling available
Tap in to the EMF ecosystem (EMF-
Compare, CDO, …)

13. The e4 Workbench Model
Model „ UIElements.ecore“ is contained in plugin „org.eclipse.e4.ui.model.workbench“

14. The e4 Workbench Model
Each application has it‘s live model
• Workbench window
– Menu with menu items
– Window Trim, e.g. toolbar
with toolbar items
– Parts Sash Container
• Parts
– Part Stack (CTabFolder)
• Parts
– Handlers
– Key Bindings
– Commands

15. Model is Flexible
No distinction between View and
Editor
Perspectives are optional
Stack / Sash are optional
Several windows easily possible
Flexible Toolbars

16. Attention:
IfIf I only had a consistent
I only had a consistent
Inview and behaviorofofe4 a
the context of theView and an Editor
view and behavior the
Eclipse workbench
are both so called “Parts”. Don’t get
Eclipse workbench
confused if I speak about “Parts”.

17. Defining the model
User changes
Base Model provided by
„Application.e4xmi“
Contributions possible via extension
point “org.eclipse.e4.workbench.model”
Model Components
Model can be dynamically changed
by User or Code
Application.e4xmi
Application.e4xmi User model changes can be stored

18. Limits of the e4 application model
• Only models the Application (frame)
Modeled
Workbench
Content of the
view not part of
the e4 model

19. Model URI’s
The Part in the Model
The Part’s URI

20. Plain Old Java Objects
(POJO‘s)

22. Commands & Handlers
Handlers
• have and id and a command
• have an URI for the implementing class, e.g.
platform:/plugin/...SaveHandler
Commands
• have and id and a name
• can be inserted in menus and toolbars
Menus / Toolbar
• Use commands or DirectItems

23. Model available at runtime

24. How is this model
translated into UI
components?
© Lars Vogel and others, Licensed under Creative Commons by-nc-nd-3.0 (de)

25. Model and UI Renderers
Model
I don’t care
who draws me
• The Workbench model is
independent of a specific
UI toolkit

26. Renderers
Renderer Factory
Eclipse default is the
SWT Renderer
Can be selected at
Startup via parameter

27. Renderers
Renderer Factory Widget Renderer
Returns for every
model element

28. Widget Renderer
• Each UI elements gets a renderer
• Renderer manage Lifecycle of the UI-Element
– Creation
– Model to widget binding
– Rendering
– Disposal

29. Renderer: flexible but complex

30. e4 CSS Styling

31. Eclipse 3.X - Styling the User Interface
• UI styling via
– The Presentation API
– Custom Widgets
• Very limited

32. In reality all RCP
apps look like the
an IDE

33. Eclipse 3.X - IDE feeling Eclipse e4 – CSS Styling
Example from Kai Toedter
Some elements cannot currently not be styled:
• Menu bar background
• Table headers
e4 supports theme switching during runtime

34. How to enable CSS Styling
Property "applicationCSS” in extension point
“org.eclipse.core.runtime.products”
<extension
id="product"
point="org.eclipse.core.runtime.products">
<product
application="org.eclipse.e4.ui.workbench.swt.application"
name="E4 Contacs Demo">
<property
name="applicationCSS"
value="platform:/plugin/contacts/css/dark.css">
</property>
</product>
</extension>

35. Example CSS
Label {
font: Verdana 8px;
color: rgb(240, 240, 240);
}
Table {
background-color: gradient radial #575757 #101010 100%;
color: rgb(240, 240, 240);
font: Verdana 8px;
}
ToolBar {
background-color: #777777 #373737 #202020 50% 50%;
color: white;
font: Verdana 8px;
}

36. Assign custom attributes
• Java
Label label =
new Label(parent, SWT.NONE);
label.setData("org.eclipse.e4.ui.css.id",
"SeparatorLabel");
• CSS
#SeparatorLabel {
color: #f08d00;
}

37. New Look & Feel for Eclipse e4 – SDK
https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=293481

38. The e4 Programming
Model

39. • Inversion of control: The necessary
functionality is injected into the class

40. • JSR 330 compatible injection implementation
– @javax.inject.Inject – Field, Constructor and
Method injection
– @javax.inject.Named – Specify a custom qualifier
to context object (default is fully qualified
classname of the injected type)
• e4 specific annotations, e.g. @Optional

41. Services are injected
via the the e4
framework
public class ListView {
@Inject
private IEclipseContext context;
@Inject
private Logger logger;
@Inject
public ListView(Composite parent) {
// ...

42. Lifecycle
• @PostConstruct: Called after
Object created and Fields- and
Methods-Injection finished
• @PreDestroy: Called before
the object is destroyed (e.g. the
Part shown in the UI is
removed)

43. public class MyPart {
@Inject
private ITimerService timerService;
@PostConstruct
private void init() {
if(timerService != null) {
// Do something
}
}
@PreDestroy
private void uninit() {
if(timerService != null) {
// Do something
}
}
}

45. – Stores information of possible Injection Values
– Hierarchical Datastructure
– OSGi Services part of the Context
– Dynamic context information: Possibility to
contribute an IContextFunction through DS to
construct Objects on the fly

46. • Implement an Execute-Method
– Can have any number of arguments
– Use IServiceConstants for general context
informations
public class AboutHandler {
public void execute(@Named(IServiceConstants.ACTIVE_SHELL) Shell shell){
MessageDialog.openInformation(
shell, "About", "e4 Application example.");
}
}

47. © Lars Vogel and others, Licensed under Creative Commons by-nc-nd-3.0 (de)

48. Eclipse Application Services (“Twenty Things”)
Editor lifecycle Long-running operations
Receiving input Progress reporting
Producing selection Error handling
Standard dialogs Navigation model
Persisting UI state Resource management
Logging Status line
Interface to help system Drag and drop
Menu contributions Undo/Redo
Authentication Accessing preferences
Authorization
Don‘t forget: OSGi services are also
available via dependency injection

49. Photo credits
• Hammer http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ 604247 • Thank you picture http://www.sxc.hu/photo/
• Open Door 986313
http://www.sxc.hu/photo/1228296 • Gummibaerchen 191472
• Corn http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ 939151 • Runtime model http://www.sxc.hu/photo/
• Thinking man http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ 765733
324541 • Binder: http://www.sxc.hu/photo/443042
• Chess http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ 958410 • Praying Girl
• Pill box http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ 510413 http://www.sxc.hu/photo/646227
• Under construction • Box: http://www.sxc.hu/photo/502457
http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ 1268302 • Screws http://www.sxc.hu/photo/1148064
• Singleton: http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ 988381 • House with compartments
• Frame for EMF reasons http://www.sxc.hu/photo/494103
http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ 461975 • Stacked stones
• Syringe / Injection: http://www.sxc.hu/photo/998524
http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ 468493 • Thinking Guy
• Smiley http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ 1211480 http://www.sxc.hu/photo/130484
• Lock http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ 352344 • Drawing Hand
• Life Cycle http://www.sxc.hu/photo/ http://www.sxc.hu/photo/264208
1265027 • Waiter http://www.sxc.hu/photo/157966

51. Thank you
For further questions:
Lars.Vogel@gmail.com
http://www.vogella.de
http://www.twitter.com/vogella

52. e4: Where to go from here:
Eclipse e4 Tutorial
http://www.vogella.de/articles/EclipseE4/article.html
Eclipse e4 Wiki
http://wiki.eclipse.org/E4
Eclipse e4 Whitepaper
http://www.eclipse.org/e4/resources/e4-whitepaper.php

53. License & Acknowledgements
• This work is licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0
Germany License
– See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-
nd/3.0/de/deed.en_US
• Many slides are based on the work of: Tom Schindl
and Kai Tödter
– Tom Schindl, BestSolution, see http://www.bestsolution.at
– Kai Tödter, Siemens AG