The document provides an overview of a Selenium training course, including the following topics: - Web application testing techniques like functional, usability, and security testing - Web UI automation tools like Selenium, QTP, and Protractor - Key Selenium components like WebDriver, Grid, and IDE - Setting up Selenium environments in Python and other languages - Locating elements, using waits, and integrating tests with unittest frameworks

1. Selenium Training
Suresh Arora
suresh_arora@hotmail.com

2. Course contents
 Web Application Testing checklist
 Web UI Automation
 Web UI Automation tools
 Introduction to Selenium
 Selenium Components
 Selenium IDE
 Selenium Webdriver
 Environment Setup
 Locating Elements
 Waits
 Using Unittest framework with Selenium
 Cross Browser tests

3. Course contents… cont
 Selenium Grid
 Integration with Jenkins

4. Web Application Testing checklist
 Functional testing
 Usability testing
 Interface testing
 Database testing
 Compatibility testing
 Performance testing
 Security testing

5. Web UI Automation
 Experienced QAs recommend investing more time and
effort into unit and integration (e.g. API) tests
 This approach bypass the challenges and pitfalls that
stem from the complexity of automated UI testing
 low-level tests can’t simulate the way people use your
website or application

6. Web UI Automation tools
Tool Open
Source
Paid Features Limitations
Selenium √
Supports Win/Linux/Mac and
multiple Browsers
Supports Web Applications only
QTP √
Supports both Web & Desktop
applications
Support Windows OS only
Protractor √
Supports AngularJS
applications
Watir √ Supports Ruby Language only
TestComplete √
Sahi √ √
Tellurium √ √ Cloud Based
Sikuli √ Uses image recognition to
identify/control GUI
Tricentis Tosca √

7. Introduction to Selenium
 Selenium automates Browsers
 Runs in many Browsers and Operating Systems
 Can be controlled by many programming languages

8. Selenium Components
 Selenium IDE
 Selenium-WebDriver
 Selenium Grid

9. Selenium IDE
 A Firefox add-on that will do simple record-and-
playback of interactions with the browser
 Bad news: from Firefox 55 onwards, Selenium IDE will
no longer work
 Katalon Recorder – Selenium IDE alternative, works
with FF 55 onwards also

10. Selenium-Webdriver
 Collection of language specific bindings to drive a
browser
 Selenium-WebDriver makes direct calls to the browser
using each browser’s native support for automation
 Since there are so many browsers & so many
programming languages there is need for common
specification which will be provided by WebDriver API

11. Webdriver Architecture
There are four components of Selenium Webdriver
Architecture:
 Selenium Client Library
 JSON Wire Protocol over HTTP
 Browser Drivers
 Browsers

12. Webdriver Architecture

13. Environment Setup – Python Binding
 To add Selenium to your Python environment run the
following command from a command-line
pip install selenium
 For script development, IDE can be used e.g.,
PyCharm Community Edition (free, open-source)
 Use virtual environment for working across different
versions of python
pip install virtualenv

14. Sample Script -Python
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
elem = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
elem.send_keys("Hello WebDriver!")
elem.submit()
print(driver.title)

15. Locating Elements
Locator Example
ID
find_element_by_id(“user”)
Name find_element_by_name("username")
Link Text find_element_by_link_text("Login")
Partial Link Text find_element_by_partial_link_text("Next")
XPath find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id="login"]/input")
Tag Name find_element_by_tag_name("body")

16. Waits
Selenium Webdriver provides two types of waits:
 Explicit wait - WebDriver wait for a certain condition to
occur before proceeding further with execution
 Implicit wait -WebDriver poll the DOM for a certain
amount of time when trying to locate an element. The
default setting is 0

17. Implicit Wait - example
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
driver.implicitly_wait(30) #seconds
elem = driver.find_element_by_name("q1")
elem.send_keys("Hello WebDriver!")
elem.submit()
print(driver.title)
driver.quit()
Error message after 30 seconds
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: Unable to locate
element: [name="q1"]

18. Explicit Wait - example
import unittest
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
class FacebookTests(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.get("http://www.facebook.com")
def test_EmailLogin(self):
driver = self.driver
loginemail = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='email']")
loginemail.send_keys("xxx@xxx.com")
time.sleep(5)
loginpassword = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='pass']")
loginpassword.send_keys("yyy")
time.sleep(5)
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 30).until(
EC.invisibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH,
"//label[@id='loginbutton']/input"))
Timeout exception after 30 seconds
raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)
TimeoutException: Message:

19. Using Unittest framework with Selenium
 The unittest test framework is python’s xUnit style
framework
 It is a standard module that you already have if you’ve
got python version 2.1 or greater
 The standard workflow is:
You define your own class derived from
unittest.TestCase.
Then you fill it with functions that start with ‘test_’.
You run the tests by placing unittest.main() in your
file, usually at the bottom

20. import sys
import time
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
class crossBrowser(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(self):
print (browser_type)
if (browser_type == "chrome"):
Cross Browser tests

21. Selenium Grid - Overview
 Selenium-Grid allows running tests in a distributed test
execution environment
 When to use Selenium Grid
To run your tests against multiple browsers, multiple
versions of browser, and browsers running on
different operating systems
To reduce the time it takes for the test suite to
complete a test pass
 A grid consists of a single hub, and one or more nodes
 Both are started using the selenium-server.jar
executable

22. Selenium Grid - configuration
Step-1: On machine -A (HUB)
java -jar selenium-server-standalone-3.8.1.jar -role hub
Step-2: On machine – B (NODE)
java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver="C:geckodriver.exe" -jar
selenium-server-standalone-3.8.1.jar -role webdriver -
hub http://<HUBIP:4444/grid/register -port 5566
Step 3: Changes in test script on machine-A (HUB)
self.driver
=webdriver.Remote(command_executor="http://<HUBIP
>:4444/wd/hub",desired_capabilities={"browserName":
"firefox", "platform": "WIN8_1"})

23. Selenium Grid – console
http://<HUBIP>:4444/grid/console
NOTE : Browser list depends on what all Browsers installed on a Node

24. Integration with Jenkins