This document provides an overview of Selenium WebDriver for test automation. It discusses what WebDriver is, its features for controlling browsers, and how it interacts with the Document Object Model (DOM). Locators for finding elements in the DOM are described. An example test task is presented for logging into a web application. The Page Object pattern is introduced as a best practice for organizing WebDriver tests. Code snippets demonstrate low-level WebDriver methods and handling pop-up windows.

1. SELENIUM
WEBDRIVER
Yuriy Bezgachnyuk, SSU/ITA
October, 2014

2. Test automation
What is Selenium WebDriver
Selenium WD Features
Document Object Model (DOM)
 Locators
Example task
 PageObject pattern introduction
2
Agenda

3. Test Automation
 In software testing,
test automation is
the use of special
software (separate
from the software
being tested) to
control the execution
of tests and the
comparison of actual
outcomes to
predicted outcomes.
Test automation 3

4. What is Selenium Web Driver
Selenium WebDriver – it’s a compact
Object-Oriented API for Internet Browsers
control
WebDriver is the name of the key interface
against which tests should be written in
Java, Python, Ruby, …
What is Selenium Web Driver 4

5. Selenium WD Features
Connects to most modern browsers
 Allows remote control
 Finds elements by selectors
 Modifies values of HTML elements
 Interacts with DOM elements
 Handles modal, popup windows
Selenium WD Features 5

6. Document Object Model (DOM)
The Document Object Model (DOM) is a
cross-platform and language-independent
convention for representing and interacting
with objects in HTML, XHTML and XML
documents.
DOM Introduction 6

7. DOM [Locators]
Select any HTML element(s) from DOM by
using
 tags name
 attributes of tags
• id, name, …
 CSS selectors
 XPath
DOM [Locators] 7

8. Example Task
A web-page with a HTML form is given
[Fig. 1]
User login functionality should be tested
 Set value for ‘login’ field
 Set value for ‘password’ field
 Click submit button
 Check results
Task 8

9. Explanation of example
URL for Login form
http://<HOME_URL>/admin/login
User inputs correct credentials and is
redirected to URL:
http://<HOME_URL>/admin
otherwise user is redirected back to the
login form page
Explanation of practical example 9

10. Implementation [Template]
JUnit 4 testing framework will be used
Template 10
Initial
operations
Finally
operations
Our main part of
code will be here

11. setUp() method
setUp() method provides pre-test
WebDriver configuration.
setUp() 11
Object for
concrete
browser
Set time for
waiting
Visit to page
specified in
URL constant

12. tearDown() method
 tearDown() method provides post-test
actions (WebDriver object disposal, used
resources freeing).
Close WebDriver
and free
resources
tearDown() method 12

13. Task implementation
Page Object pattern use.
Selenium WebDriver use for low-level
browser API functions only!!!
Definitions of Page Object pattern:
 Each single web-page is represented through a
Java class
 User actions for each web page are
implemented as class methods
PageObject pattern [Introduction] 13

14. PageObject Pattern
PageObject Pattern 14

15. Task Implementation
Let investigate our code for test user logon
Object for HomePage
where login form is
Task’s solution 15
placed
Object for ResultPage
URL from address bar
of browser
Comparison existing
URL address with
needed address

16. 16
Class HomePage
Method for set
values into HTML
form and submit
data to server

17. Code sample
Code investigation 17

18. WebDriver Low level methods
findElement(By arg) – searches and
returns an object representation of DOM
element. Input parameter arg – some of
possible selectors (using static methods of
By class)
sendKeys(CharSequence arg) – sends
char sequence to a HTML form element
click() – clicks on a DOM element
WD Low-level methods 18

19. Windows handling
Web applications may have frames or
multiple windows, that need to be
specifically handled. WebDriver supports
moving between named windows with
switchTo() method:
Windows switching should be used when
application has JS modal windows (alerts)
driver.switchTo().window("windowName");
Moving between windows and frames 19

20. Windows handling
 When we clicking “Вхід” button without
supplying credentials an alert modal
window appears [Fig.1]
 In order to click ‘OK’
button WebDriver
should be switched to
modal window
Moving between windows and frames 20

21. Example #2 [Code]
 Let’s take a look at the code
Switch to JS alert
window and click ‘OK’
button
Example #2 [Code] 21

22. 22
“Main” class source

23. http://www.w3schools.com/
https://developer.mozilla.org/
http://docs.seleniumhq.org/
23
References and Sources

24. QUESTIONS?