These ancient texts provide advice to rulers on how to consolidate and maintain power through various means such as promoting loyal officials, controlling speech and rumors, erecting monuments, and establishing a lasting legacy. Wisdom is characterized as something that can be cultivated through counsel with others, though some texts also portray rulers as innately intelligent. The advice does not provide absolute rules, as rulers must consider factors like an adversary's social standing in any given situation.
Excellent depiction of How Shaddai sends HIS son Emmanuel to win Mansoul...The warfare is to make Mansoul recognise & realise HIS Father's Love for Mansoul
Excellent depiction of How Shaddai sends HIS son Emmanuel to win Mansoul...The warfare is to make Mansoul recognise & realise HIS Father's Love for Mansoul
Ammianus Marcellinus (c.330-395 CE)History, XIV.16 The Luxury .docxgalerussel59292
Ammianus Marcellinus (c.330-395 CE):
History, XIV.16: The Luxury of the Rich in Rome, c. 400 CE.
Rome is still looked upon as the queen of the earth, and the name of the Roman people is respected and venerated. But the magnificence of Rome is defaced by the inconsiderate levity of a few, who never recollect where they are born, but fall away into error and licentiousness as if a perfect immunity were granted to vice. Of these men, some, thinking that they can be handed down to immortality by means of statues, are eager after them, as if they would obtain a higher reward from brazen figures unendowed with sense than from a consciousness of upright and honorable actions; and they are even anxious to have them plated over with gold!
Others place the summit of glory in having a couch higher than usual, or splendid apparel; and so toil and sweat under a vast burden of cloaks which are fastened to their necks by many clasps, and blow about by the excessive fineness of the material, showing a desire by the continual wriggling of their bodies, and especially by the waving of the left hand, to make more conspicuous their long fringes and tunics, which are embroidered in multiform figures of animals with threads of divers colors.
Others again, put on a feigned severity of countenance, and extol their patrimonial estates in a boundless degree, exaggerating the yearly produce of their fruitful fields, which they boast of possessing in numbers, from east and west, being forsooth ignorant that their ancestors, who won greatness for Rome, were not eminent in riches; but through many a direful war overpowered their foes by valor, though little above the common privates in riches, or luxury, or costliness of garments.
If now you, as an honorable stranger, should enter the house of any passing rich man, you will be hospitably received, as though you were very welcome; and after having had many questions put to you, and having been forced to tell a number of lies, you will wonder---since the gentleman has never seen you before---that a person of high rank should pay such attention to a humble individual like yourself, so that you become exceeding happy, and begin to repent not having come to Rome ten years before. When, however, relying on this affability you do the same thing the next day, you will stand waiting as one utterly unknown and unexpected, while he who yesterday urged you to "come again," counts upon his fingers who you can be, marveling for a long time whence you came, and what you can want. But when at last you are recognized and admitted to his acquaintance, if you should devote yourself to him for three years running, and after that cease with your visits for the same stretch of time, then at last begin them again, you will never be asked about your absence any more than if you had been dead, and you will waste your whole life trying to court the humors of this blockhead.
But when those long and unwholesome banquets, which are indulged in at .
Ammianus Marcellinus (c.330-395 CE)History, XIV.16 The Luxury .docxgalerussel59292
Ammianus Marcellinus (c.330-395 CE):
History, XIV.16: The Luxury of the Rich in Rome, c. 400 CE.
Rome is still looked upon as the queen of the earth, and the name of the Roman people is respected and venerated. But the magnificence of Rome is defaced by the inconsiderate levity of a few, who never recollect where they are born, but fall away into error and licentiousness as if a perfect immunity were granted to vice. Of these men, some, thinking that they can be handed down to immortality by means of statues, are eager after them, as if they would obtain a higher reward from brazen figures unendowed with sense than from a consciousness of upright and honorable actions; and they are even anxious to have them plated over with gold!
Others place the summit of glory in having a couch higher than usual, or splendid apparel; and so toil and sweat under a vast burden of cloaks which are fastened to their necks by many clasps, and blow about by the excessive fineness of the material, showing a desire by the continual wriggling of their bodies, and especially by the waving of the left hand, to make more conspicuous their long fringes and tunics, which are embroidered in multiform figures of animals with threads of divers colors.
Others again, put on a feigned severity of countenance, and extol their patrimonial estates in a boundless degree, exaggerating the yearly produce of their fruitful fields, which they boast of possessing in numbers, from east and west, being forsooth ignorant that their ancestors, who won greatness for Rome, were not eminent in riches; but through many a direful war overpowered their foes by valor, though little above the common privates in riches, or luxury, or costliness of garments.
If now you, as an honorable stranger, should enter the house of any passing rich man, you will be hospitably received, as though you were very welcome; and after having had many questions put to you, and having been forced to tell a number of lies, you will wonder---since the gentleman has never seen you before---that a person of high rank should pay such attention to a humble individual like yourself, so that you become exceeding happy, and begin to repent not having come to Rome ten years before. When, however, relying on this affability you do the same thing the next day, you will stand waiting as one utterly unknown and unexpected, while he who yesterday urged you to "come again," counts upon his fingers who you can be, marveling for a long time whence you came, and what you can want. But when at last you are recognized and admitted to his acquaintance, if you should devote yourself to him for three years running, and after that cease with your visits for the same stretch of time, then at last begin them again, you will never be asked about your absence any more than if you had been dead, and you will waste your whole life trying to court the humors of this blockhead.
But when those long and unwholesome banquets, which are indulged in at .
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
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1. How does a leader stay in and
consolidate power?
How does a leader become/remain
popular?
Friday, September 20, 13
2. erra & ishum (47-62)
✤ Why do you stay in the city, like a feeble old man,
✤ why do you stay at home, like a weak little child?
✤ ...
✤ Even a prince who stays in town cannot eat his bread in peace;
✤ he is mocked by his people, and his person is despised.
✤ City bread in plenty cannot compare to flat loaves baked in embers,
✤ the sweetest beer cannot compare to water from a goatskin,
✤ nor can a terraced palace be compared to a hut in the field.
Friday, September 20, 13
3. the teaching for king merikare (40-45)
✤ Show due respect to the nobles, support your people,
✤ Fortify your borders and your buffer zones.
✤ ...
✤ Promote your officials that they may fulfil your decrees,
✤ For he whose house is wealthy will not take sides (against you)...
✤ A poor man does not speak honestly...
✤ He will be partial toward him who is generous to him
✤ And biased toward the one who pays him.”
Friday, September 20, 13
4. the teaching for king merikare (20)
✤ ...who persists as a troublemaker and a spreader of talk,
✤ Get rid of him, and slay his children,
✤ Obliterate his name, and destroy his supporters,
✤ Banish (all) memory of him and of the partisans who respect him.
Friday, September 20, 13
5. 2 Samuel 15:2-6
(New InternationalVersion)
15
Whenever anyone came with a complaint to be placed before the king for a
decision, Absalom would call out to him, “What town are you from?” He
would answer, “Your servant is from one of the tribes of Israel.” 3 Then
Absalom would say to him, “Look, your claims are valid and proper, but
there is no representative of the king to hear you.” 4 And Absalom would
add, “If only I were appointed judge in the land! Then everyone who has a
complaint or case could come to me and I would see that they receive
justice.”
5 Also, whenever anyone approached him to bow down before him,
Absalom would reach out his hand, take hold of him and kiss him. 6
Absalom behaved in this way toward all the Israelites who came to the king
asking for justice, and so he stole the hearts of the people of Israel.
Friday, September 20, 13
6. the teaching of king amenemhet I
for his son senwosret (1,5)
✤ Put no trust in a brother,
✤ Acknowledge no one as a friend.
Friday, September 20, 13
7. How is the power of speech
portrayed?
Friday, September 20, 13
8. the teaching for king merikare
(25-34)
✤
One who disseminates talk is a disrupter of the city.
✤
...
✤
A single dissenter can disrupt the (entire) army.
✤
...
✤
Be proficient in speech, so that you may be strong,
✤
For the strength of a king is his tongue.
✤
Words are mightier than any struggle...
Friday, September 20, 13
9. the maxims of ptahhotep (11,9)
✤ Your silence will be more profitable than babbling,
✤ So speak only when you know that you are qualified.
✤ ...
✤ For speech is more difficult than any craft,
✤ And only the competent can endow it with authority.
Friday, September 20, 13
10. j.l.austin:‘performative’speech acts
a. ‘I do (take this woman to be my lawful wedded wife)’ – as
uttered in the course of the marriage ceremony.
b. ‘I name this ship the Queen Elizabeth’ – as uttered when
smashing the bottle against the stem.
c. ‘I give and bequeath my watch to my brother’ – as occurring
in a will.
In these examples it seems clear that to utter the sentence ... is not to describe my doing of
what I should be said in so uttering to be doing or to state that I am doing it: it is to do it.
… What are we to call a sentence or an utterance of this type? I propose to call it a
performative sentence or a performative utterance, or, for short, a ‘performative.’ (pp. 5-6)
✤ (From: J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words, ed. J. O. Urmson and Marina Sbisá. Cambridge, Mass.:
Harvard University Press, 1962.)
Friday, September 20, 13
11. the maxims of ptahhotep (11,5-11,7)
✤ Do not repeat slander,
✤ And do not listen to it,
✤ For it is but the prattling of a churlish man.
✤ Repeat only what is seen, not what is heard,
✤ Or forget it and say nothing at all.
✤ ...
✤ Slander is like a nightmare;
✤ Divorce yourself from it.
Friday, September 20, 13
12. virgil:the aeneid
She thrives on speed, stronger for every stride,
Straightway Rumour flies through Libya’s great cities,
Rumour, swiftest of all evils in the world.
…
… Rumour, quicksilver afoot
and swift on the wing, a monster, horrific, huge
and under every feather on her body —what a marvel—
an eye that never sleeps and as many tongues as eyes
and as many raucous mouths and ears pricked up for news.
… By day she keeps her watch,
crouched on a peaked roof or palace turret,
terrorising the great cities, clinging as fast
to her twisted lies as she clings to words of truth.
Virgil, The Aeneid, trans. Robert Fagles, (New York: Penguin Classics, 2010), 133-134.
Friday, September 20, 13
13. How is wisdom characterized?
Is it innate, or cultivated?
Do these texts provide ‘absolute’
rules to go by?
Friday, September 20, 13
14. the maxims of ptahhotep (5,11-6,4)
✤ “If you come up against an aggressive adversary (in court),
✤ One who has influence and is more excellent than you...”
✤ “If you come up against an aggressive adversary,
✤ Your equal, one who is of your own social standing...”
✤ “If you come up against an aggressive adversary,
✤ A man of low standing, one who is not your equal...”
✤ “If you are a ruler responsible for the concerns of the populace...”
Friday, September 20, 13
15. the maxims of ptahhotep (5,9)
✤
Do not be haughty because of your knowledge,
✤
But take counsel / with the unlearned man as well as with the learned,
✤
For no one has ever attained perfection of competence,
✤
And there is no craftsman who has acquired (full) mastery.
Friday, September 20, 13
16. the teaching for king merikare (115)
✤ The (ruler) of the two banks is intelligent;
✤ The king, the lord of courtiers, will not act foolishly.
✤ He was wise even at his coming forth from the womb,
✤ And God has made him preeminent over the land above countless
others.
Friday, September 20, 13
17. the teaching of king amenemhet I
for his son senwosret (1,5)
✤ I was generous to the pauper, I sustained the orphan,
✤ I caused him who had nothing to become at length like a man of
means.
✤ But it was one who ate my bread who conspired (against me),
✤ One to whom I had given my support devised dread deeds thereby,
✤ Those clad in my fine linen behaved toward me like worthless louts,
✤ And those anointed with my myrrh made my way slippery before
me.
Friday, September 20, 13
18. the maxims of ptahhotep (9,11-9,13)
✤ One may be deceived by an exquisite body,
✤ But then it (suddenly) turns to misery.
✤ (All it takes) is a trifling moment like a dream,
✤ And one comes to destruction through having known them.
Friday, September 20, 13
19. Date
What endures beyond (a
ruler’s) death?
How does a ruler create a
lasting legacy?
Friday, September 20, 13
20. the teaching for king merikare (65)
✤ Strengthen your monuments as far as is within your power,
✤ For even a single day can contribute toward eternity.
✤ ...
✤ Let your images be sent to distant foreign lands,
✤ (Even) ones which will not acknowledge them.
Friday, September 20, 13
21. 2 Samuel 18:18
(New InternationalVersion)
✤ 18 During his lifetime Absalom had taken a pillar and
erected it in the King’s Valley as a monument to himself, for
he thought, “I have no son to carry on the memory of my
name.” He named the pillar after himself, and it is called
Absalom’s Monument to this day.
Friday, September 20, 13
22. erra & ishum (643-649)
✤
“In the house where these tablets are placed, should Erra become enraged,
✤
should the Seven turn murderous again,
✤
the sword of destruction will not approach them,
✤
but safety will lie upon them.
✤
May this song endure forever, may it last throughout all time!
✤
May all the lands hear it and celebrate my valour,
✤
may all people come to know it, and magnify my name!”
Friday, September 20, 13