Sec electrical utility characteristic

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Raymund Cortez

SEC

Engineering

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In this relay, the armature is attracted to the pole of a magnet. The electromagnetic force exerted on the moving element is proportional to the square of the current flow through the coil. This relay responds to both the alternating and direct current. For AC quantity the electromagnetic force developed is given as equation-1The above equation shows that the electromagnetic relay consists two components, one constant independent of time and another dependent upon time and pulsating at double supply frequency. This double supply frequency produces noise and hence damage the relay contacts. The difficulty of a double frequency supply is overcome by splitting the flux developing in the electromagnetic relay. These fluxes were acting simultaneously but differ in time phase. Thus the resulting deflecting force is always positive and constant. The splitting of fluxes is achieved by using the electromagnet having a phase shifting networks or by putting shading rings on the poles of an electromagnet. The electromagnetic attraction relay is the simplest type of relay which includes a plunger (or solenoid), hinged armature, rotating armature (or balanced) and moving iron polarised relay.

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Robotics is an exciting and rapidly evolving field that combines engineering, computer science, and technology. Robots are versatile machines capable of automating a wide range of tasks with precision, speed, and power. This introduction will explore the history, components, and applications of this transformative technology. A robot is an electromechanical machine designed to perform tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously. Robots are controlled by sophisticated software and can be programmed to carry out a variety of functions. Robots use sensors to gather information about their environment and actuators to interact with it. The concept of automata, or self-operating machines, dates back to ancient civilizations such as Greece and China. The development of industrial machinery in the 18th and 19th centuries paved the way for modern robotics. The advent of computers in the 20th century enabled the creation of more advanced, programmable robots Industrial robots are commonly used in manufacturing, performing tasks such as welding, painting, and assembly. Service robots are designed to assist humans in tasks like cleaning, transportation, and healthcare Humanoid robots are designed to mimic the appearance and functionality of the human body. Mechanical Structure Robots have a physical frame, joints, and linkages that allow for movement and manipulation. Power Source Robots require a power source, such as batteries or electrical connections, to operate. Control System The control system, often a computer or microcontroller, coordinates the robot's actions and movements End Effectors Robots may have specialized tools, such as grippers or tools, to interact with their environment Cameras and other vision sensors allow robots to perceive and respond to their environment. Ultrasonic and infrared sensors help robots detect and avoid obstacles. Tactile sensors enable robots to feel and interact with their surroundings. Motors, servos, and other actuators allow robots to move and manipulate objects. Robots are controlled by sophisticated software that defines their behaviors and decision-making processes. Algorithms enable robots to process sensor data, plan actions, and execute tasks autonomously. Advancements in machine learning allow robots to adapt and improve their performance over time. Applications of Robotics Robots are widely used in industrial settings for tasks such as assembly, welding, and packaging. Robotic systems are revolutionizing medicine, from surgical assistants to rehabilitation devices. Robots are essential for exploring hazardous environments, such as deep-sea and outer space

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