Philippine Archipelago

1. Philippine Archipelago:
Mountains, Faults,
Volcanoes, and Ocean
Trenches

2. Archipelago comes from the greek words
“Arkhi”- meaning “chief” or “main”
“pelagos”- meaning “sea”
Archipelago characteristic :
• Sorrounded by water
• Made up of many islands( small and big)

3. -is composed of approximately 7,641 islands.
Among these, many are smaller islands and islets, which covers a total area of 300, 000 square kilometers that offers diverse
landscapes or variety of landforms or views.
- located in the Southeast Asia. It is also lies on the western part of the Pacific Ocean. Between the South China Sea and the
Philippines Sea
Philippine Archipelago

5. The Philippines is divided into three
main geographical regions:
 Luzon - The largest island group: covers
approximately 109,965 square kilometers. Includes
Metro Manila and northern province
 Visayas – Central group of island: known for a
beautiful beach and culture.
 Mindanao – the second largest island located in
the south, covers about 97,530 square kilometers.
Also known for its rich natural resources and
diversity.

6. Origin of the Philippines Island
Volcanic Origin
Tectonic Plate Movement
Coral Formation
3 Main Origin of the Philippine Island:

7. Volcanic Origin
Harry Hess
- American Geologist and navy officer
- Seafloor Spreading Theory
- Magma rises from ocean ridges and forms new
seafloor and island
John Tuzo Wilson
-Canadian geophysicist
-Hotspot Theory
-hot magma rises and forms volcanoes and island .

8. Tectonic Plate Movement
Alfred Wagener
- German Geologist and Meteorologist
- Continental Drift Theory (1912)
- He proposed that all continents were once joined as one
landmass called
- “Pangaea” meaning all the earth- It refers to the supercontinent
that existed about 300 million years ago, where all continents were
once joined together as one giant landmass which later on
broke apart.
- His idea laid the foundation for the plate Tectonics
Theory

9. Coral Formation Theory
Charles Darwin (1842)
- British Biologist and Geologist
- Coral Atoll Formation Theory
- Island are formed when coral reefs grow upward
around a sinking volcanic island, creating a ring-
shaped atoll.
Atoll is a ring- shaped coral island that surrounds a
central lagoon of water.

10. Tubbataha Reef - Sulu Sea Southest Palawan

11. Mountains
I
- It is a large natural landform that rises high above the
surrounding land usually with a peak or summit at the top
Sierra Madre
- The longest mountain range in the Philippines
- Located at the eastern side of Luzon
- Stretches from Cagayan to Quezon Province
- The protector of Luzon, its also known as the “back bone of
Luzon” It blocks the typhoons coming from the Pacific Ocean.
- Home of diverse wildlife like Philippine Eagle
- Provides water and protects against floods.

13. Faults
I
- It is crack or break in the Earth’s crust where two blocks of land
move past each other.
- Faults happen because of tectonic forces when plates move.
- Moving along faults can cause earthquake
In the Philippines :
The West Valley Fault – a major fault line that runs through parts of
Rizal, Metro Manila, Bulacan, Laguna and Cavite .
It is capable of producing a strong earthquake(Magnitude 7.2 or
higher).

15. Volcanoes
 is an opening in the Earth’s surface where magma,
ash, and gases come out during an eruption.
 Beneath the Earth’s crust, there is magma(hot, melted
rock)
 When the pressure builds up, the magma escapes.
 When it reaches the surface , its called lava.

16. Types of Volcano
Active – Has erupted recently or may erupt anytime.
E.g., Mayon Volcano , Taal Volcano
Dormant (Natutulog na Bulkan)- has not erupted for a
long time, but could still erupt. e.g., Mt. Banahaw
Extinct (Patay na bulkan) –Will likely never erupt again.
e.g., Mt. Arayat

17.  The Philippines is sits or located on the Pacific Ring
of Fire.
 The ring of fire is a region around the edges of the
pacific ocean where tectonic plates constantly
move, causing earthquakes , volcano eruptions,
and the formation of fault lines.
 A horseshoe-shaped zone in the Pacific Ocean
 Has around 75% of the world’s active volcanoes.
 many earthquake and volcanic eruption happen
here.

19. Ocean Trenches
 An ocean trench is very deep, narrow valley on the
ocean floor formed when one tectonic plate slides
beneath another.
 Created by the movement of Earth’s crust.
 Formed through process called subduction