Matemática - Geometria Analítica - Livro pdfLucas pk'
Livro de caráter introdutório ao conhecimento da geometria analítica. Recomendo fortemente, para quem se interessa pelo assunto, o livro de Paulo Winterle ( Álgebra vetorial e geometria analítica) e o livro-texto do Reis e Silva.
Matemática - Geometria Analítica - Livro pdfLucas pk'
Livro de caráter introdutório ao conhecimento da geometria analítica. Recomendo fortemente, para quem se interessa pelo assunto, o livro de Paulo Winterle ( Álgebra vetorial e geometria analítica) e o livro-texto do Reis e Silva.
Tesi di master in area critica: dall'accertamento nutrizionale alle strategie terapeutiche, con un focus sul paziente affetto da pancreatite acuta e sulla nutrizione nel fine vita.
App Inventor Concept Cards provide a quick way to learn new App Inventor code and concepts. Each of the cards can be printed out, folded in half, and used to prompt students to explore a concept in App Inventor such as timers, sounds, movement, math, multi screens, making colors, etc.
Existential Risk Prevention as Global PriorityKarlos Svoboda
•Existential risk is a concept that can focus long-term global efforts and sustainability concerns.
• The biggest existential risks are anthropogenic and related to potential future technologies.
• A moral case can be made that existential risk reduction is strictly more important than any other global public
good.
• Sustainability should be reconceptualised in dynamic terms, as aiming for a sustainable trajectory rather than a sustainable state.
• Some small existential risks can be mitigated today directly (e.g. asteroids) or indirectly (by building resilience and
reserves to increase survivability in a range of extreme scenarios) but it is more important to build capacity to
improve humanity’s ability to deal with the larger existential risks that will arise later in this century. This will
require collective wisdom, technology foresight, and the ability when necessary to mobilise a strong global coordinated response to anticipated existential risks.
• Perhaps the most cost-effective way to reduce existential risks today is to fund analysis of a wide range of existential risks and potential mitigation strategies, with a long-term perspective
Brain computer interaction and medical access to the brainKarlos Svoboda
This paper discusses current clinical applications and possible future uses of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) as a means for communication, motor control and entertainment. After giving a brief account of the various approaches to direct brain-computer interaction, the paper will address individual, social and ethical implications of BCI technology to extract signals from the brain.
These include reflections on medical and psychosocial benefits and risks, user control, informed consent, autonomy and privacy as well as ethical and social issues implicated in putative future developments with focus on human self-understanding and the idea of man. BCI use which involves direct interrelation and mutual interdependence between human brains and technical
devices raises anthropological questions concerning self-perception and the technicalization of the human body.
Tesi di master in area critica: dall'accertamento nutrizionale alle strategie terapeutiche, con un focus sul paziente affetto da pancreatite acuta e sulla nutrizione nel fine vita.
App Inventor Concept Cards provide a quick way to learn new App Inventor code and concepts. Each of the cards can be printed out, folded in half, and used to prompt students to explore a concept in App Inventor such as timers, sounds, movement, math, multi screens, making colors, etc.
Existential Risk Prevention as Global PriorityKarlos Svoboda
•Existential risk is a concept that can focus long-term global efforts and sustainability concerns.
• The biggest existential risks are anthropogenic and related to potential future technologies.
• A moral case can be made that existential risk reduction is strictly more important than any other global public
good.
• Sustainability should be reconceptualised in dynamic terms, as aiming for a sustainable trajectory rather than a sustainable state.
• Some small existential risks can be mitigated today directly (e.g. asteroids) or indirectly (by building resilience and
reserves to increase survivability in a range of extreme scenarios) but it is more important to build capacity to
improve humanity’s ability to deal with the larger existential risks that will arise later in this century. This will
require collective wisdom, technology foresight, and the ability when necessary to mobilise a strong global coordinated response to anticipated existential risks.
• Perhaps the most cost-effective way to reduce existential risks today is to fund analysis of a wide range of existential risks and potential mitigation strategies, with a long-term perspective
Brain computer interaction and medical access to the brainKarlos Svoboda
This paper discusses current clinical applications and possible future uses of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) as a means for communication, motor control and entertainment. After giving a brief account of the various approaches to direct brain-computer interaction, the paper will address individual, social and ethical implications of BCI technology to extract signals from the brain.
These include reflections on medical and psychosocial benefits and risks, user control, informed consent, autonomy and privacy as well as ethical and social issues implicated in putative future developments with focus on human self-understanding and the idea of man. BCI use which involves direct interrelation and mutual interdependence between human brains and technical
devices raises anthropological questions concerning self-perception and the technicalization of the human body.
A rights based model of governance - the case of human enhancementKarlos Svoboda
The current development of technology and scientificresearch may give rise to several
applications on human beings. In this context, emerging technologies can further foster
the applications on human beings and pave the way for new and incisive research towards human enhancement (HE).
2
Thanks to emerging technologies, HE can be more
effective and represent a concrete challenge for present societies, also in Europe. Scientists of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, for instance, recently created a brain-synthesized estrogen that influences the synaptic structure,
function and cognitive processes by augmenting the networks among neurons (Svrivastava et al. 2010). Thus it could be a case of future brain-doping.
Ethics of security and surveillance technologies opinion 28Karlos Svoboda
In addition, surveillance of the public by companies or
by other individuals should be subject to conditions,
and again, the opinion addresses the principles that
govern these forms of ‘commercial’ or individual
surveillance, and the manner in which the data so
gathered may be used as part of a data mining or profiling system by private entities or the state.
The digital revolution and subsequent advances in
mobile, wireless and networked devices have significantly contributed to the development of security and surveillance technologies. New technologies offer the possibility of recording the everyday activities of billions of individuals across the globe. Our mobile phones can identify and pinpoint our location at any given moment, loyalty cards allow commercial entities to analyse our spending and track our personal preferences, keystroke software monitors our performance and productivity in the workplace and our electronic communications can be screened for key words or phrases by intelligence services. Moreover, personal data concerning our health, employment, travel and electronic communications are stored in databases,
and data mining techniques allow for large amounts
of personal data from these disparate sources to be
organised and analysed, thereby facilitating the discovery of previously unknown relationships within these
data. Security technologies are no longer discrete; the trend is toward convergence, creating more powerful
networked systems. Thus, our everyday lives are scrutinised by many actors as never before, all made possible by developments in technology together with political choices or lack thereof.
Emerging Technoethics of Human Interaction with Communication, Bionic and Rob...Karlos Svoboda
AHS may be that f... system
In this deliverable, the protection and promotion of human rights is explored in connection with various case-studies in robotics, bionics, and AI agent technologies. This is done along various dimensions, prominently including human dignity, autonomy, responsibility, privacy,liberty, fairness, justice, and personal identity.
Ethical case-studies in robotics concern learning robots, unmanned combat air vehicles,robot companions, surgery robots, and a robotic street cleaning system. Case-studies illustrating current developments of the field with imminent potential applications comprise the robotic street cleaning system, surgery robots, and the unmanned air vehicles. Robots making extensive use of learning capabilities and robots acting as companions to human
beings represent somewhat more distant possibilities, enabling one to connect in meaningful ways an analysis of short-term ethical issues in robotics with a pro-active interest in longterm ethical issues.
The bionics case-studies considered here concern specific kinds of implants in the human body, investing the human peripheral or central nervous system, and other kinds of noninvasive brain-computer interfaces. These case-studies are closely related to the robotics case-studies, insofar as these bionic technologies enable one to connect to and often control robotic effectors and sensors. Ethical issues examined in connection with these technologies concern both a short-term perspective, mostly arising from their therapeutic uses, and a longterm perspective, mostly arising from the possibility of extending communication, control, cognitive, and perceptual capabilities of both disabled and non-disabled individuals.
This networking of humans with both robotic and computer-based information systems motivates the inclusion of a case-study about AI agent technologies in this report, concerning systems that have been with us for quite a while, that is, adaptive hypermedia systems for
educational applications. These technologies enable one to design and implement software agents that are similar to robotic agents, also from an ethical standpoint, insofar as they are capable of, e.g., autonomous action, reasoning, perception, and planning.
Ethical issues examined in this report will be amplified from the convergence of softbot and robotic technologies directly interacting with human beings and other biological systems by means of bionic interfaces. This long-term perspective shows that the case-studies examined here - which are significant in their own right from the isolated perspectives of robotics,bionics, and AI - can soon become parts of broader ethical problems that we will have to address and come with in the near future.
Some futurists and artificial intelligence experts envision credible scenarios in which synthetic brains will, within this century, extend the functionality of our own brains to the point where they will rival and then surpass the power of an or-ganic human brain. At the same time, humans seem to have no limitations when it comes to finding ways to attack the computerized devices that others have invent-ed. Attackers have successfully compromised computers, mobile phones, ATMs, telephone networks, and even networked power grids. If neural devices fulfill the promise of treatment, and enhance our quality of lives and functionality—which appears likely, given the preliminary clinical success demonstrated from neuropros-thetics— their use and adoption will likely grow in the future. When this happens, inevitably, a wide variety of legal, security, and public policy concerns will follow. We will begin this article with an overview of brain implants and neural devic-es and their likely uses in the future. We will then discuss the legal issues that will arise from the intersection among neural devices, information security, cybercrime, and the law.
Nanotechnology, ubiquitous computing and the internet of thingsKarlos Svoboda
The aim of this report is to provide a review of current developments in nanotechnology, ubiquitous
computing and what is increasingly being referred to as “domotics” – the integration of domestic architectures (domus) with information systems and devices (imformatics). The report will also provide a preliminary analysis of the potential impacts of these developments on the right to privacy and to data protection.
These areas of technological development represent the convergence of two domains of current research – nanoscience and distributed computing. Much of the existing literature suggests that advances in nanotechnology are likely to operate as a underlying suite of techniques that will enable the development of miniaturised and distributed information systems and the integration of informatics devices into a range of everyday consumer goods and household architectures. As we outline below the convergence of nanotechnology and research in ubiquitous and distributed systems is likely to result in the development of a range of new sensor technologies and advances in surveillance and monitoring techniques, deployed in civilian, military and security contexts. For these reasons advances in nanotechnology and ubiquitous computing are likely to intensify existing concerns associated with data collection and the right to privacy.
In order to provide some background to our review of these issues in this section of the report we outline definitions of the field and current trends in surveillance, data-mining and monitoring.
Identity REvolution multi disciplinary perspectivesKarlos Svoboda
The identity [r]evolution is happening. Who are
you, who am I in the information society ?
In recent years, the convergence of several factors – technological, political, economic –
has accelerated a fundamental change in our networked world. On a technological level, information
becomes easier to gather, to store, to exchange
and to process. The belief that more information
brings more security has been a strong political
driver to promote information gathering since September 11. Profiling intends to transform information into knowledge in order to anticipate one’s behaviour, or needs, or preferences. It can lead to
categorizations according to some specific risk criteria, for example, or to direct and personalized
marketing. As a consequence, new forms of identities appear. They are not necessarily related to our
names anymore. They are based on information,
on traces that we leave when we act or interact,
when we go somewhere or just stay in one place,
or even sometimes when we make a choice. They
are related to the SIM cards of our mobile phones,
to our credit card numbers, to the pseudonyms
that we use on the Internet, to our email addresses,
to the IP addresses of our computers, to our profiles… Like traditional identities, these new forms of
identities can allow us to distinguish an individual
within a group of people, or describe this person as
belonging to a community or a category.
Intimate technology - the battle for our body and behaviourKarlos Svoboda
This essay aims to spark a wave of public and political debate about a series of new products already showered out over you, the volume of which will continue to increase during the coming years. This essay takes a serious look at the trend that technology is rapidly nesting itself in between us, very close to us and even within us, increasingly coming to know us and even receiving human traits. In short, we have become human-machine mixtures, cyborgs.
For ages, humans have developed cures for diseases and devised techniques which make the hardships of life more endurable. All these were believed to make human life more
humane, i.e. to help humans to live out their inherent (natural, God-given) potentiality to a fuller extent. Recent technology, known as human enhancement, challenges this 'natural'normativity: going beyond restoring wellbeing and optimizing human potentiality, enhancement also develops capacities which can, in a sense, be called new. Chemicals have become available that increase physical performance in, for example the field of sports. Other chemicals enhance psychological endurance, mood, and cognition. Work is in progress on developing functional implants within the body, such as computer chips
integrated in the brain, with the aim of enhancing performance beyond what humans are naturally capable of. Changes are being made to body cells and systems, and techniques are being discussed to change human genes. Finally, techniques are being developed, and in part already applied, which extend the human life-span. Human Enhancement is about trying to make changes to minds and bodies – to characteristics, abilities, emotions
and capacities – beyond what we currently regard as normal.
Making perfect life european governance challenges in 21st Century Bio-engine...Karlos Svoboda
The STOA project ‘Making Perfect Life’ looked into four fields of 21st century bioengineering: engineering of living artefacts, engineering of the body, engineering
of the brain, and engineering of intelligent artefacts. This report describes the main results of the project.
The report shows how developments in the four fields of bio-engineering are shaped by two megatrends: “biology becoming technology” and “technology becoming biology”. These developments result in a broadening of the bioengineering debate in our society. The report addresses the long term viewsthat are inspiring this debate and
discusses a multitude of ethical, legal and social issues that arise from bioengineering developments in the fields described. Against this background four specific developments are studied in more detail: the rise of human genome sequencing, the market introduction of neurodevices, the capturing by information technology of the psychological and physiological states of users, and
the pursuit of standardisation in synthetic biology. These developments are taken in this report as a starting point for an analysis of some of the main European governance challenges in 21st century bio-engineering.
GRAY MATTERS Integrative Approaches for Neuroscience, Ethics, and SocietyKarlos Svoboda
The Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (Bioethics Commission) is an advisory panel of the nation’s leaders in medicine, science, ethics, religion, law, and engineering. The Bioethics Commission advises the President on bioethical issues arising from advances in biomedicine and related areas of science and technology. The Bioethics Commission seeks to identify and promote policies and practices that ensure scientific research, health care delivery, and technological innovation are conducted in a socially and ethically responsible manner. For more information about the Bioethics Commission, please see http://www. bioethics.gov.