This document summarizes a PhD dissertation defense about developing a semantic document architecture (SDArch) for desktop data integration and management. The key points are: 1. It proposes a semantic document model (SDM) that represents documents as semantically annotated and interlinked data units identified by URIs and composed of ontological concepts. 2. The semantic document architecture (SDArch) integrates desktop data into a unified information space and enables sharing data across social communities through semantic linking and annotations. 3. An evaluation validated that semantic documents improved information retrieval over traditional keyword search and full text indexing by leveraging semantic annotations and links between document units.

1. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Semantic Document Architecture for Desktop
Data Integration And Management
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November 30, 2010
Saša Nešić
PhD Dissertation Defense

2. Motivation
Semantic Web
Semantic Desktop
 Ontologies
 Resource Description Framework (RDF)
 SPARQL query language
Semantic Documents
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3. Semantic Documents
Semantic document are composite information resources composed of data/information
units that are:
 uniquely identified by globally unique URIs,
 semantically annotated by concepts from domain ontologies,
 interlinked with other data/information units via explicit semantic links .
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4. Thesis Statement
“Semantic documents integrate desktop data into a unified desktop information
space and enable desktop data to be integrated into a unified information space of
social communities”
Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Desktop Users
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5. Outline
Motivation
Semantic Document Model - SDM
Semantic Document Architecture - SDArch
Prototype
Thesis Validation
Conclusions

6. Semantic Document Model
Semantic-Linking Part
Change-Tracking Part
Annotation Part
Core Part
Core Part Annotation Part Semantic-Linking Part Change-Tracking Part
- document unit types - annotation types - semantic linking interface - types of doc. unit changes
- structural relationships - annotation interface - change-tracking interface
- identification
- binary content linking
Annals of Information systems’ 09 6

7. Machine-Processable and Human-Readable instances of SDM
 MP document representation
 Unique and permanent instance
 HTTP de-referencable URIs
 RDF data format
 HR document representation
 Temporal document instances
 Rendered from the MP instance
 Existing document formats
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8. Outline
Motivation
Semantic Document Model - SDM
Semantic Document Architecture - SDArch
Prototype
Thesis Validation
Conclusions

9. Semantic Document Architecture - SDArch
Annals of Information systems’ 09 9

10. Semantic Document Authoring, Search, and Navigation
Concept Exploration Algorithm
 Objective:
Search Algorithm
- conceptualization of DU semantics
 Objective:
 Input:
Search Personalization Algorithm
- search for semantic document units (DUs)
- document unit:
 Objective:
 - Input: ontology(ies)
domain
- personalization of semantic doc. Search
 - Output:
a free-text keyword query
 Input:
 - Output: vector:
concept
- list of retrieved semantic DUs:
- a ranked list of semantic DUs
- list of user preferences
- concept weight vector:
 Features:
 Output:
- forming semantic query:
- re-ranked list of semantic DUs
 Features:
 Features:
- lexical expansion of concept labels
- - executingSCA for each DUagainst CI:
extracting semantic query
- syntactic concept matching
- weighting schema for each user preference
- semantic concept matching
- ranking DUs based on calculated weights
- measuring concept relevance
- measuring similarity between and
Semantic document authoring service
Semantic document search and navigation service
SEKE’ 10 10
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11. Semantic Document Sharing
 SDArch social network
 Publishing only RDFs
 Capturing social-context annotations
 Contributing to:
 Linked Open Data Cloud
 Web of Linked Data
 Semantic Web
ESEC/FSE – SoSEA’09 11

12. Outline
Motivation
Semantic Document Model - SDM
Semantic Document Architecture - SDArch
Prototype
Thesis Valiadtion
Conclusions

13. SDArch Prototype
Objectives: Source Code Organization:
Number of services 5
 Validation of SDArch and SDM
Number of .NET assemblies 15
 Enabling experimental evaluation
Number of .NET namespaces 14
 Enabling usability evaluation
Implementation:
 Semantic Document Repository
 Sesame 2 RDF repository
 SemWeb C# Library
 MySQL DB-backed persistent RDF storage
 SPARQL query support
 Full-Text query support (Lucene)
 Services
 WCF Framework
 Tools
 MS Office Add-Ins
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14. SemanticDoc - MS Office Add-Ins
ICWE’08 14

15. Outline
Motivation
Semantic Document Model - SDM
Semantic Document Architecture - SDArch
Prototype
Thesis Validation
Conclusions

16. Thesis Validation
Q1: How do semantic documents improve information finding and retrieval in
semantically integrated document collections?
1. Experimental evaluation of Information Retrieval in Semantic Documents
Q2: How do semantic documents facilitate desktop users in completing tasks that
draw data from both a personal desktop and social communities?
2. Usability evaluation of SDArch Services and Tools
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17. Experimental Evaluation of Information Retrieval in
Semantic Documents
 Objectives:
 Measuring effectiveness of the semantic document search
 Measuring effectiveness of the semantic document annotation (indexing)
 Compared approaches:
 Concept-Based Indexing and Search – Simple Syntactic Matching
 Concept-Based Indexing and Search – Lexically Expanded Syntactic Matching
 Full Text Indexing and Search (Lucene)
 Semantic Document Indexing and Search
SEMAPRO' 10 17
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18. Test Collections
Mammals of the World Metals and Alloys
 MAMO Ontology  Metals Ontology
 OWL + SKOS  OWL + SKOS
 Finnish National Museum  Key-To-Metals, Zurich
 ~ 5000 domain concepts  ~ 1800 domain concepts
 Document Set  Document Set
 Wikipedia – List of Mammals  Key-To-Metals records
 150 articles  240 Word documents
 2130 semantic document units  3312 semantic document units
 Query Set  Query Set
 5 queries related to Mammals  5 queries related to Metals and Alloys
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19. Measuring Effectiveness of the Semantic Document
(Indexing) Annotation
Test collection 1: Mammals of the World
# of syn. # of sem. weight of syn. weight of sem.
Approach
matches matches matches matches
CB – simple syntactic matching 1524 - 2.56 -
CB – lexically expand. syntactic matching 3182 - 3.62 -
Semantic document indexing and annotation 3182 2437 3.62 2.96
Test collection 2: Metals and Alloys
# of syn. # of sem. weight of syn. weight of
Approach
matches matches matches sem. matches
CB – simple syntactic matching 2153 - 1.73 -
CB – lexically expand. syntactic matching 2879 - 2.43 -
Semantic document indexing and annotation 2879 1024 2.43 2.14
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20. Measuring Effectiveness of the Semantic Document Search
Test collection: Mammals of the World Test collection: Metals and alloys
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21. Usability Evaluation
Evaluation Hypothesis :
“Using SDArch results in a more effective, efficient, and satisfactory user
experience when authoring, exploring (i.e., searching and navigating) and utilizing
documents in carrying out daily tasks.”
Usability evaluation criteria :
 User Effectiveness
 User Efficiency
 User Satisfaction
ICALT’ 10 21
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22. Case Study: Authoring of Course Material
 Participants – SDArch Social Network
 University of Lugano, Switzerland – 7 participants
 Simon Fraser University, Canada – 7 participants
 Athabasca University, Canada – 2 participants
 University of Belgrade, Serbia – 2 participants
 Document Collection
 “Software Design Patterns” – 70 PowerPoint and Word documents
 Evaluation Session
 Task-Based Usability Test
 Follow-up questionnaires
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23. Usability Test Use Cases
i. Setting Up the User Profile and the Social Network Properties
ii. Authoring and Publishing Semantic Documents
iii. Searching and Navigating across Semantic Documents
Task Task objective Slide
1 Design patterns definition 1
2 Example 1 - definition
2
3 Example 1 - illustration
4 Example 2 - definition
3
5 Example 2 - illustration
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24. Evaluation Methods and Metrics
Evaluation Criteria Evaluation Method Evaluation Metric
1. Effectiveness Objective - Quantitative Measure • Task Success Rates
Objective - Quantitative Measure • Task Completion Times
2. Efficiency “ • Number of Mouse Clicks
“ • Number of Window Switches
3. Satisfaction Subjective - Questionnaire • 5-level Likert scale
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25. 1. User Effectiveness
metric: Task success rate
Conventional System SDArch System
Task
Successful Completions % Successful Completions %
1 18 100 18 100
2 17 94.44 18 100
3 15 83.33 17 94.44
4 17 94.44 18 100
5 14 77.77 16 88.88
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26. 2. User Efficiency
metric: Task execution time metric: Number of mouse clicks metric: Number of window switches
T-Test results:
Task
Task p-value
p-value
1
1 1.6*10-12
0.00071
0.00004
2
2 1.22*10-7
0.00011
0.0041
3
3 6.91*10-8
9.17*10-6
0.00016
4
4 3.67*10-7
0.00034
0.00009
5
5 4.82*10-10
2.6*10-6
0.00004
If p < 0.05  results are statistically significant
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27. 3. User Satisfaction
metric: 5-level Likert Scale
Internal consistency (reliability) test:
Dimension Cronbach’s α
Usefulness 0.85
Strongly
agree  Ease-of-Use 0.78
Ease-of-Learning 0.92
Overall Satisfaction 0.83
Recommended α values > 0.75
Strongly
disagree 
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28. Outline
Motivation
Semantic Document Model - SDM
Semantic Document Architecture - SDArch
Prototype
Thesis Valiadtion
Conclusions

29. Conclusions
 Main contributions
 Introducing the Semantic Document Model – SDM
 Designing the Semantic Document Architecture – SDArch
 Providing the SDArch Prototype Implementation
 Experimental and Usability evaluations
 Future directions:
 Document units versioning
 Document units privacy and security
 Decentralized storage of shared semantic documents
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30. Publications
Journals:
 S. Nešić, "Semantic Document Model to Enhance Data and Knowledge Interoperability," Annals of Information Systems - Special
Issue on Semantic Web & Web 2.0, Springer US, pp. 135 – 160, 2009.
Conferences:
 S. Nešić, F. Crestani, D. Gašević , M. Jazayeri, "Search and Navigation in Semantically Integrated Document Collections," 4th
International Conference on Advances in Semantic Processing - SEMAPRO, pp. 123 – 129, Firenze, Italy, 2010.
 S. Nešić, D. Gašević , M. Jazayeri, "Semantic Document Architecture for Desktop Data Integration and Management," The 22nd
International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering - SEKE, pp. 73 – 78, San Francisco, USA, 2010.
 S. Nešić, D. Gašević , M. Jazayeri, M. Landoni, "Using Semantic Documents and Social Networking in Authoring Course Material: An
Empirical Study," 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies - ICALT, pp. 666 – 670, Sousse,Tunisia,
2010. (Best paper award)
 S. Nešić, F. Crestani, D. Gašević , M. Jazayeri, "Concept-Based Semantic Annotation, Indexing and Retrieval of Office-Like
Document Units," 9th RIAO Conference, pp. 234 – 237 Paris, France, 2010.
 S. Nešić, D. Gašević, M. Jazayeri, "Extending MS Office for sharing Document Content Units over the Semantic Web," 8th
International Conference on Web Engineering - ICWE, Yorktown Heights, pp. 350 – 353, New York, USA, 2008.
 S. Nešić, D. Gašević, M. Jazayeri, "Semantic Document Management for Collaborative Learning Object Authoring," 8th IEEE
International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies - ICALT, pp. 751 – 755, Santander, Spain, 2008.
 S. Nešić, D. Gašević, M. Jazayeri, "An ontology-based framework for author-learning content interaction," 6th International
Conference on Web-based Education - WBE, Chamonix, France, 2007.
 S. Nešić, D. Gašević, M. Jazayeri, "An Ontology-Based Framework for Authoring Assisted by Recommendation," 7th IEEE
International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies - ICALT, pp. 227 – 231, Niigata, Japan, 2007.
 S. Nešić, J. Jovanović, D. Gašević, M. Jazayeri, "Ontology-Based Content Model for Scalable Content Reuse," 4th ACM SIGART
International Conference on Knowledge Capture - K-CAP, pp. 195 – 198, Whistler, Canada, 2007.
Workshops:
 S. Nešić, M. Jazayeri, F. Lelli, S. Nešić, "Towards Efficient Document Content Sharing in Social Networks” 2nd Workshop on Social
Software Engineering and Applications, co-located with ESEC/FSE, pp. 1- 8, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2009.
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