This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to rural journalism, sociology, development, and media. Rural journalism is defined as the collection, writing, editing and presentation of news from rural areas. Rural sociology studies social structures and conflicts in rural communities. Development aims to improve quality of life by empowering local communities. Problems facing developing nations include structural constraints like geography and access to markets. The media plays an important role in development by exposing issues, influencing policy, and empowering citizens.

1. What is Rural Journalism?
1. The collecting, writing, editing, and presenting of news or news articles in newspapers and
magazines and in radio and television broadcasts.
2. Material written for publication in a newspaper or magazine or for broadcast.
3. The style of writing characteristic of material in newspapers and magazines, consisting of direct
presentation of facts or occurrences with little attempt at analysis or interpretation.
4. Newspapers and magazines.
5. An academic course training students in journalism.
6. Written material of current interest or wide popular appeal.
Q2: what is Rural Sociology?
Rural sociology is a field of sociology traditionally associated with the study of social structure and
conflict rural areas although topical areas such as food and agriculture or natural resource access
transcend traditional rural spatial boundaries. It is an active field in much of the world, and in the
United States originated in the 1910s with close ties to the national Department of Agriculture and
land-grant university colleges of agriculture
Q3: what is development?
Development is the act of improving quality of life and making sure everyone has the preference in
what that life looks like. These choices are widened through the combined effort of local people,
international bodies, governments and a variety of civil society organizations such as NGOs,
community organizations and religious groups.
Q4: Issues and problem of development?
Today, the problems facing developing countries revolve around what are generally called
“structural constraints” to development. First among these is geography—not just in the historical
sense described above—but also in the more contemporary aspect that a modern economy cannot
function without a division and diversification of labor. Thus, countries with small populations may
have trouble developing and gaining access to markets, while landlocked countries may struggle to
integrate with global markets and expand their economies.
Q5: Development themes?
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2. Q6: The role of media in economic democracy develops?
Economic democracy or stakeholder democracy is a socioeconomic philosophy that proposes to shift
decision-making power from corporate managers and corporate shareholders to a larger group of
public stakeholders that includes workers, customers, suppliers, neighbors and the broader public.A
free press is not a luxury. It is at the core of equitable development. The media can expose
corruption. They can keep a check on public policy by throwing a spotlight on government action.
Q7: Objectives Rural Journalism?
You can give identical film footage, photographs or facts to two different film producers or print
editors/journalists and end up with two entirely different stories. Judicious editing, with specific
sounds or music added, can produce polar opposite outcomes (both well away from the truth, if
desired). Australian taxpayers fund the ABC so we have a free, nation-wide, objective source of news
and information. The ABC’s job is to present us with all the facts, clearly, so we can make our own
minds up. When we are being fed editorials (opinions), it’s supposed to be clearly identified as such.
Many have been dismayed by particular ABC Television programmers – in particular, lateline and 4
Corners – running carefully timed material provided by an animal rights extremist organization. With
no objective analysis to be seen or hard questions asked of the assertions made, let alone the
running of the other side of the story or providing unbiased information on the bigger picture. Many
have asked the ABC for a thorough investigative piece on the aims and activities of the animal rights
organization behind the push to ban live exports. But to no avail.
Q8: Problems of Rural journalism?
Journalism is the craft of conveying news and opinion through a widening spectrum of media. These
include newspapers, magazines, radio and television, and the internet. A recent survey has revealed
that most newspapers do not pay the rural journalists. Urban journalists are not better off either.
Only 34 per cent are paid according to the Wage Award, while the rest are compelled to work on
temporary, contractual bases. Only 44 per cent of the urban journalists earn between five to eight
thousand rupees monthly. About 15 percent of the urban journalists earn over eight thousand
rupees. Rural journalists must be provided jobs on a regular basis. Newspapers should provide them
with basic facilities, and of course a salary, besides opportunities to have professional training, which
would certainly enable them to bring better news and business too.
Q9: Rural journalism in Pakistan and others countries?
The last two decades have witnessed freedom for the print media and a liberalization of
broadcasting in Pakistan. Today there are a thousand print publications with big city newspapers
competing hard for limited circulation and advertising revenue. However, Pakistan’s daily newspaper
circulation per head is among the lowest in the world. Low literacy rates, high costs, and urban
orientation of the press keep circulation down. The potential readership outside the cities is largely
unreached.

3. Q10: Role of press media in social changes?
Media is one of the most powerful tools in society. As community organizers embark on their tasks
to change society for the greater good, media should be a key component to the process. If no one
knows what you are doing, no effective change can be made. It is important to form, control and use
media platforms to raise awareness and empower community members. These media platforms
should be non-bias and tell the whole story. The panel members will demonstrate how they have
created and used powerful media tools in their work.
Q11: Social movement and media behavior?
ASA Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements - The purpose of the Section on Collective
Behavior and Social Movements is to foster the study of emergent and extra-institutional social
forms and behavior. Crowds, social movements, disasters, riots, fads, strikes, and revolutionary
movements are a few of the areas explored by the Section.
Collective Behavior and Social Movements - The purpose of the CBSM section is to foster the study
of emergent and extra-institutional social forms and behavior, particularly crowds and social
movements. This includes but is not limited to disasters, riots, protests, rumors, panics, fads,
fashions, popular culture, strikes, and reform, revival and revolutionary movements.
Critical Mass Newsletter - news and information about Collective Behavior and Social Movements.
Amnesty International - Amnesty International is a worldwide campaigning movement that works to
promote all the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other
international standards. In particular, Amnesty International campaigns to free all prisoners of
conscience; ensure fair and prompt trials for political prisoners; abolish the death penalty, torture
and other cruel treatment of prisoners; end political killings and "disappearances"; and oppose
human rights abuses by opposition groups. Amnesty International has around a million members
and supporters in 162 countries and territories.
Rights for All - Amnesty International's campaign on the USA for: an end to police brutality, an end to
torture and abuse of prisoners, the protection of asylum seekers, the abolition of the death penalty,
ratification of human rights treaties, and a code of conduct for arms sales.
Just Earth! - Amnesty International and the Sierra Club have come together in a one-of-its-kind
collaboration— "Defending Those Who Give the Earth a Voice." We believe the human rights and
environmental challenge of the next decade will be to defend the people who defend the
environment — to fight for the rights of citizens worldwide who risk their lives by speaking out to
protect our planet.