The document discusses Romanticism between 1798-1837. It summarizes the historical context including European wars and the Industrial Revolution. Romanticism valued nature, emotions, imagination, and simple language. Characteristics of Romantic poetry included a reaction against Neoclassicism, an emphasis on nature, medievalism, and subjectivity. Major Romantic prose writers included Charles Lamb, William Hazlitt, Thomas de Quincey, and Jane Austen. Famous Romantic poets discussed are William Blake, William Wordsworth, John Keats, Robert Burns, P.B. Shelley, S.T. Coleridge. The document also summarizes changes in dress, furniture styles during the Romantic period including

2. Presented by:
• Jareer Umar
• Mussadiq Ateeq
• Ume Masoma
• Afia Sheikh
• Maida Noor
• Ayesha Saleem

3. Romanticism
(1798_1837)
Return to Nature
Historical Background:
• European war
• Industrial revolution.
• Social Conditions

4. Literary Features
• Simple and plain language was used
• Feeling and emotions gained centre stage
• Emphasis on nature
• Imagination was celebrated
• Free verse gained popularity

5. Romantic poetry
• Romantic poetry is the poetry of
the Romantic era, an artistic,
literary, musical and intellectual
movement
• Originated in Europe towards the
end of the 18th century
• It involved a reaction against
prevailing Enlightenment ideas of
the 18th century, and lasted
approximately from 1800 to 1850.

6. Characteristics of English Romantic Poetry
• The Sublime
The sublime in literature refers to use of language and description that excites
thoughts and emotions beyond ordinary experience.
The literary concept of the sublime became important in the eighteenth
century. It is associated with the 1757 treatise by Edmund Burke

7. Characteristics of Romantic Poetry
• Reaction against Neoclassicism
• Romantic poetry contrasts with Neoclassical poetry, which was the product of
intellect and reason, while Romantic poetry is more the product of emotion.
Romantic poetry at the beginning of the nineteenth century was a reaction against
the set standards, conventions of eighteenth-century poetry.
• Nature poetry
• Love for nature is another important feature of Romantic poetry, as a source of
inspiration. This poetry involves a relationship with external nature and places, and
a belief in pantheism.

8. Characteristics of Romantic Poetry
• Medievalism
• Romantic poetry was attracted to nostalgia, and medievalism is another
important characteristic of romantic poetry, especially in the works of John
Keats and Coleridge.
• Subjectivity
• Romantic poetry is the poetry of sentiments, emotions and imagination.
Romantic poetry opposed the objectivity of neoclassical poetry.

9. Romantic Prose
• Writers in the Romantic Period were rather more
concerned with subject matter and emotional expression
than with appropriate style. They wrote for an ever-
increasing audience which was less homogenous in its
interest and education than that of their predecessors.
• Romantic Prose is not based on love stories though some
of the novels do have a romantic element. Romantic
Prose refers to the prose written in the Romantic Period.

10. Characteristics of Romantic Prose
• Departure From
• Focus on Nature
• Interest in Past, Primitive and Medieval
• Elements of Melancholy
• Focus on Individual

11. Romantic Prose Writers

12. Charles Lamb
(1775_1834)
• Charles Lamb was an English prose writer.
• He never married and devoted himself to
care of his sister, Mary Lamb, who was a
subject to mental fits
• Important works
• “A Tale of Rosamund Gray” (1798).
• Essays of Elia (1820-23)

13. William Hazlitt
(1778_1830)
• William Hazlitt, the son of an Irish Unitarian clergyman, was born in
Maidstone,
• William Hazlitt is a more vigorous and less mannered essayist than Lamb.
• First Hazlitt attempted to become a portrait painter but after a lack of
success he turned to writing.
• During the time when England was engaged in a bitter struggle against
Napoleon, Hazlitt worshipped him as a hero,

14. William Hazlitt
(1778_1830)
• Important Works
• The Spirit of the age (1825)
• The Round Table, Table-Talk (1821-
22)
• The Plain Speaker (1826)

15. Thomas de Quincey
(1785_1859)
• Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859) is one of the greatest
English prose writers
• The specialty of his life consists in describing incidents of
purely personal interest in language suited to their magnitude as
they appear in the eyes of the writer.
• Mostly he wrote in the form of articles for journals and he
dealt with all sorts of subjects;
• Important works
• English Opium-Eater (1821)
• Suspiria de Profundis (1845)

16. Jane Austen
(1775_1817)
• Jane Fitzwilliam Austen was an English novelist whose
works of romantic fiction set among the gentry
• She was educated primarily by her father and older
brothers as well as through her own reading.
• Austen’s lifetime her works brought her little personal
fame and only a few positive reviews. Through the mid-
nineteenth century, her novels were admired mainly by
members of the literary elite.
• Important Works
• Sense and Sensibility (1811)
• Pride and Prejudice (1813)

17. Famous poets of romanticism

18. William Blake
(1757_1827)
William Blake remained largely unknown
during his lifetime but rose to prominence
after his death and is now considered a highly
influential figure in the history of poetry and
one of the greatest British artists. Blake’s
most renowned work in poetry is Songs of
Innocence and of Experience, considered
one of the leading poetic works of the
Romantic era.

19. William Wordsworth
(1770_1850)
• Wordsworth, along with Coleridge, launched the
Romantic Age in English literature with the
publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798.
• William Wordsworth is considered a pioneer of
Romanticism and one of the greatest poets in
English literature.
• Famous Poems:-
• Daffodils (1807)
• Tintern Abbey (1798)
• The Prelude (1850)

20. John Keats
(1795_1821)
• Along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, John
Keats was one of the most prominent figures of the second
generation of English Romantic poets. Keats died due
to tuberculosis in 1821 at the age of only 25. His work was
in publication for only four years and it was not generally
well received by critics during his lifetime.
• Famous Poems:-
• To Autumn (1820)
• Ode on a Grecian Urn (1820)
• When I have Fears (1848)

21. Robert Burns
(1759_1795)
• Also known as the Bard of Ayrshire and
the Ploughman Poet,
• The poetic style of Burns is marked by
spontaneity and sincerity; and it ranges from love
to intensity to humour and satire.
• Famous Poems:-
• Auld Lang Syne (1788)
• To a Mouse (1785)
• A Red, Red Rose (1794)

22. P.B Shelley
(1792_1822)
• Percy Bysshe Shelley was one of the
leading “second generation” Romantic
poets
• He was a controversial writer whose poems
are marked by compromising idealism and
great personal conviction
• .Famous Works:-
• Ozymandias (1818)
• Ode to the West Wind (1820)
• Prometheus Unbound (1820)

23. S.T Coleridge
(1772_1834)
• Along with William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor
Coleridge is credited with founding the Romanticism
movement in England.
• The following year their collection of poetry Lyrical
Ballads was published.
• Among other things, he is credited with utilizing everyday
language to express profound poetic images and ideas.
• Famous Poems:-
• Kubla Khan (1816)
• Christabel (1816)
• The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798)

24. Major Changes Occur in Romantic Period
• 1) Dress / adornment
• 2) Furniture style
1). Dress
In this period women were pushed into a more modest role befitting the
“weaker” often described as delicate , fragile and decorative
Women believed to be more emotional than men were idealised by the muses
of artists .

25. Dress /Adornment
Thomas Sully
. Eliza Ridgeley With the harp
. Oil on Canvas
1818

26. Dress /Adornment
• After 1815 women’s dress became
increasingly fussy and decorative and
skirts become fuller and the waistline
become gradually descended to the
natural waist

27. Dress /Adornment

28. Furniture
Romanticism
• In the 1800’s Furniture was owned by wealthy people . People in the
middle class wanted variety and novelty in furniture designs
• A great number of styles became popular for a short time and then
replaced by a new style .
• In the 1800’s many expositions were held in major cities of Europe
and U.S
• The furniture was divided into two Categories
• 1) Furniture based on historical style
• 2) Furniture to be intended as original

29. Furniture
Romanticism
(Rococo Influence)
• Romanticism in contrast urges on us on joyfulness passion humour and
movement. The eighteenth style of Rococo furniture is the finest expression
of Romantic view in the realm of home decore

30. Empire Style

31. Regency Style

32. Biedermeier Style
• The Biedermeier style was
common in Australia and
Germany from 1820’s . The
name Biedermeier came from a
comic character in Germany
from popular literature

33. The end