Rocks 2018
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Rocks are a non-living natural resource that come in different sizes, shapes, and colors and have been used as tools for thousands of years. Some examples of rocks and their uses include chalk for making chalk, marble for making statues, slate for making roof tiles, limestone for making cement, and granite for making kitchen tables. Other rocks like graphite are used for pencils, magnetite for magnets, fluorite for toothpaste, and turquoise for jewelry.
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The document analyzes early ceramics and fire cracked rock found at the Snapp Site in Delaware. It describes how indigenous peoples used heated rocks placed in containers to boil food before the introduction of pottery. The excavated feature at the Snapp Site contained ceramic sherds and fire cracked rock. Attributes of the fire cracked rocks like size, shape, weight, and color changes from heating were collected. The document concludes and acknowledges help from the University of Delaware.
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The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
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Rocks 2018
- 1. Rocks
- 2. Things people use from the earth Plants Animals Rocks Air Water Natural Resources
- 3. Non-living part of the Earth. Rocks Hard. Different sizes, shapes and colours.
- 5. Rocks have been used as tools for thousands of years
- 7. Chalk
- 8. Used to make chalk
- 9. Marble
- 11. Slate
- 12. Used to make roof tiles
- 13. Limestone
- 14. Used to make cement
- 15. Granite
- 16. Used to make kitchen tables
- 19. Bricks
- 21. Graphite Pencils
- 26. Thank you!