The document explores the practices and challenges of instructional leadership among middle school leaders. It notes that most research focuses on principals and heads of schools, not other middle managers. The purpose is to look at the instructional leadership of secondary year heads at American international schools. It aims to explore their current practices and challenges, and develop a decision-making model contextualized for their roles. The conceptual framework examines the instructional focus, relationships, resource management, and dispersed leadership at the schools, as well as challenges like teaching, learning, and assessments.

1. EXPLORING THE PRACTICES AND
CHALLENGES OF MIDDLE SCHOOL
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP

2. Statement of the Problem
Problem Statement
Name Here
• Majority of studies on instructional leadership focus on
the practices of the head of schools as instructional
leaders. Very little attention is paid to the role of the
leaders of middle-level schools as instructional leaders,
such as senior assistants and head of department chairs
(Huggins et al., 2021; Kruse, 2021; Pan & Chen, 2021).
• According to Liu (2021), there is an insufficient amount
of discourse on challenges of teachers and middle
managers as instructional leaders.
• Most decisions in the schools are made by the head of
the school or the principal. This leaves middle mangers
with very little room for growth in their capacity
(Berkovich & Bogler, 2021; Yasni & Wathoni, 2017).
1. To explore the practices of
instructional leadership among
secondary Year Program
heads from selected American
international schools
2. To explore the challenges of
instructional leadership among
secondary Year Program
heads from selected American
international schools
3. To contextualize a decision-making
model for secondary Year Program
heads from selected American
international schools.
1. What are the practices of
instructional leadership among
secondary Year Program
heads from selected American
international schools?
2. What are the challenges of
instructional leadership among
secondary Year Program
heads from selected American
international schools?
3. What is the contextualized of a
decision-making model for secondary
Year Program
heads from selected American
international schools?
Research Questions
Research Objectives

5. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Contextual practices of
instructional leadership of
Secondary Year Programme
Heads from the selected
American schools
Challenges of instructional
leadership among secondary
Years Programme Heads from
the selected American schools
• The instructional focus of the school
• The social relationships within the
school
• The management of resources
• Dispersed Leadership
Mitigation of contextual
challenges for instructional
leadership among the selected
American international schools
• Teaching
• Learning
• Assessments