This document discusses touch screen technology. It provides a brief history, describing the development of early touch sensors in the 1970s and the growing popularity and use of touch screens. It then describes the main touch screen technologies - resistive, capacitive, and interruptive - and explains the basic components of a touch screen system, including the touch sensor, controller, and software driver. Finally, it outlines some key advantages of touch screen technology, such as its usefulness for public displays, retail/restaurant systems, customer self-service, control systems, computer-based training, and assistive technology applications.

1. Touch Screen
Technology
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Prof. Anil Sharma Alisha Korpal
Amandeep Singh
Kirandeep Kaur
Group 1
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2. INDEX
Sno Topic Page number
1 Introduction 3
2 History 4
3 Technologies 5
4 Components 6
5 Advantages 7-8
6 References 9
Introduction
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3. A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location
of a touch within the display area. The term generally refers to touching the display of
the device with a finger or hand. Touch screens can also sense other passive objects,
such as a stylus. Touch screen is common in devices such as computers, tablet, and
smart phones.
The touch screen has two main attributes. First, it enables one to interact directly with
what is displayed, rather than indirectly with a cursor controlled by
a mouse or touchpad. Secondly, it lets one do so without requiring any intermediate
device that would need to be held in the hand. Such displays can be attached to
computers, or to networks as terminals. They also play a prominent role in the design of
digital appliances such as the personal digital assistant (PDA), satellite
navigation devices, mobile phones, and video games.
A touch screen is a display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within
the display area, generally refers to touch or contact to the display of the device by a
finger or hand. Touch screen is also an input device. The screens are sensitive to
pressure; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the
screen, Touchscreens can also sense other passive objects, such as a stylus, the touch
screen has two main attributes. First, it enables one to interact with what is displayed
directly on the screen, where it is displayed, rather than indirectly with a mouse
or touchpad. Secondly, it lets one do so without requiring any intermediate device,
again, such as a stylus that needs to be held in the hand. Such displays can
be attached to computers or, as terminals, to networks. They also play a prominent role
in the design of digital appliances such as the personal digital assistant (PDA).
History
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4. In 1971, the first "Touch Sensor" was developed by Doctor Sam Hurst (founder of
Elographics) while he was an instructor at the University of Kentucky. This sensor,
called the "Elograph," was patented by The University of Kentucky Research
Foundation. The "Elograph" was not transparent like modern touch screens; however, it
was a significant milestone in touch screen technology. In 1974, the first true touch
screen incorporating a transparent surface was developed by Doctor Sam Hurst and
Elographics. In 1977, Elographics developed and patented five-wire resistive
technology, the most popular touch screen technology in use today.
Touch screens first gained some visibility with the invention of the computer-assisted
learning terminal, which came out in 1975 as part of the PLATO project. Touch screens
have subsequently become familiar in everyday life. Companies use touch screens for
kiosk systems in retail and tourist settings, point of sale systems, ATMs, and PDAs,
where a stylus is sometimes used to manipulate the GUI and to enter data. The
popularity of smart phones, PDAs, portable game consoles and many types
of information appliances is driving the demand for, and acceptance of, touch screens.
Technologies
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5. • Resistive
• Capacitive
• Interruptive
Resistive
A resistive touch screen panel is composed of several layers, the most important of
which are two thin, electrically conductive layers separated by a narrow gap. When an
object, such as a finger, presses down on a point on the panel's outer surface the two
metallic layers become connected at that point: the panel then behaves as a pair
of voltage dividers with connected outputs. This causes a change in the electrical
current, which is registered as a touch event and sent to the controller for processing.
Capacitive
A capacitive touch screen panel is one which consists of an insulator such as glass,
coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (ITO). As the human body
is also a electrical conductor, touching the surface of the screen results in a distortion of
the screen’s electrostatic field, measurable as a change in capacitance. Different
technologies may be used to determine the location of the touch. The location is then
sent to the controller for processing
Interruptive
A grid of waves over the screen gets interrupted at a certain point on the X axis and Y
axis. A Very high clarity due to having no layers over the actual screen. No capable of
multi touch. Easily affected by dirt and other interference
Components
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6. A basic touch screen has three main components: a touch sensor, a controller, and a
software driver. The touch screen is an input device, so it needs to be combined with a
display and a PC or other device to make a complete touch input system.
I.TouchSensor
A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface. The touch
sensor/panel is placed over a display screen so that the responsive area of the panel
covers the viewable area of the video screen. There are several different touch sensor
technologies on the market today, each using a different method to detect touch input.
2.Controller
The controller is a small PC card that connects between the touch sensor and the PC. It
takes information from the touch sensor and translates it into information that PC can
understand. The controller is usually installed inside the monitor for integrated monitors
or it is housed in a plastic case Tor external touch overlays. The controller determines
what type of interface/connection you will need on the PC. Integrated touch monitors will
have an extra cable connection on the back for the touch screen. Controllers are
available that can connect to a Serial/COM port (PC) or to a USB port (PC or
Macintosh). Specialized controllers are also available that work with DVD players.
3.SoftwareDriver
The driver is a software update for the PC system that allows the touch screen and
computer to work together. It tells the computer's operating system how to interpret the
touch event information that is sent from the controller. Most touch screen drivers today
are a mouse-emulation type driver. This makes touching the screen the same as
clicking your mouse at the same location on the screen. This allows the touch screen to
work with existing software and allows new applications to be developed without the
need for touch screen specific programming. Some equipment such as thin client
terminals, DVD players, and specialized computer systems either do not use software.
Advantages
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7. 1. Public Information Displays
Information kiosks, tourism displays, trade show displays, and other electronic displays
are used by many people that have little or no computing experience. The user-friendly
touch screen interface can be less intimidating and easier to use than other input
devices, especially for novice users. A touch screen can help make your information
more easily accessible by allowing users to navigate your presentation by simply
touching the display screen
2. Retail and Restaurant Systems
Time is money, especially in a fast paced retail or restaurant environment. Touch
screen systems are easy to use so employees can get work done faster, and training
time can be reduced for new employees. And because input is done right on the screen,
valuable counter space can be saved. Touch screens can be used in cash registers,
order entry stations, seating and reservation systems, and more
3. Customer Self-Service
In today's fast pace world, waiting in line is one of the things that has yet to speed up.
Self-service touch screen terminals can be used to improve customer service at busy
stores, fast service restaurants, transportation hubs, and more. Customers can quickly
place their own orders or check themselves in or out, saving them time, and decreasing
wait times for other customers. Automated bank teller (ATM) and airline e-ticket
terminals are examples of self-service stations that can benefit from touch screen input.
4. Control and Automation Systems
The touch screen interface is useful in systems ranging from industrial process control
tc home automation. By integrating the input device with the display, valuable
workspace can be saved. And with a graphical interface, operators can monitor and
control complex operations in real-time by simply touching the screen.
4. Computer Based Training
because the touch screen interface is more user-friendly than other input devices, over
training time for computer novices, and therefore training expense, can be reduced. It
can also help to make learning more fun and interactive, which can lead to a more
beneficial training experience for both students and educators.
5. Assistive Technology
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8. The touch screen interface can be beneficial to those that have difficulty using other
input devices such as a mouse or keyboard. When used in conjunction with software
such as on-screen keyboards, or other assistive technology, they can help make
computing resources more available to people that have difficulty using computers.
References
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9. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchscreen
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistive_touchscreen
• http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/balamadhu2007-366056-touch-
screen-technology-bala-science-ppt-powerpoint/
• http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest21619-209927-touchscreen-
technologies-enter-tags-education-ppt-powerpoint/
• http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-touch-screen-technology-report-and-ppt
• http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:1mcxvteOcCYJ:courses.ee.nd.edu/
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