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The document discusses refraction and various tools used in refraction exams written by Devanshi Dalal, an assistant professor and clinical coordinator in optometry. It covers retinoscopy, autorefractors, keratometry, lensometry, fogging tests, Jackson cross-cylinders, monocular spherical endpoints, and concludes by thanking the reader. The document provides an overview of refraction techniques and equipment from Devanshi Dalal's perspective as an optometry expert.



















