This document discusses reflection and reflective writing. It defines reflection as consciously thinking about and analyzing past experiences. Reflection allows practitioners to learn from experiences. The document outlines stages of reflective writing, including describing an event, attending to feelings, re-evaluating the experience, and determining learning outcomes. Reflective writing can help develop critical thinking, self-directed learning, and life-long learning skills important for professional development. The document provides an example of a student's reflective writing on failing exams and having to repeat the year.

1. Dr Mohamad Nurman Yaman
Dept of Medical Education
2 Oct 2012

2. Content
 Reflection
 Reflective Writing
 Assessment of Reflective Writing

4. Reflection
 “Consciously thinking about and
analysing what one has done (or doing).
Reflection allows one to look back on
experience in a new way.”
 Schaefer and Curley (2002)
 “Everyone does reflect to an extent, but
systematic reflection enable the
practitioner to becomes more self-
regulated.”
 Boud (1985)

5. Why Reflect?
 Process of adult learning
 Learners re-evaluate their lives and
construct new learning from experience
 Critically reflect own experience
 Transformative learning
 Learning tool to develop
 Critical thinker
 Self-directed learner
 Life-long learner (professionalism)

6. When to Reflect?
 “Reflectionis used by practitioners
when they encounter situations that
are unique, and when individuals may
not be able to apply known theories or
techniques previously learnt through
formal education.”
 Schön (1987)

7. Medical Students Reflection
Exercise
 PBL
 CSL
 PPD
 Lectures
 Any other events in life

8. Stages of Reflection
1. Returning to experience
2. Attending to feeling
3. Evaluate the experience
4. Turning experience into learning

9. Stage 1: Returning to
Experience
 Describe event in chronological order
 Time, place, who (job title/positions but
not names)
 Without judgment
 Brief

10. Stage 2: Attending to Feelings
 Positive or negative feelings
 Good or bad experience
 Pleasure
 Benefit by the event
 Annoyance
 Frustration
 Reflect on:
 What make you feel that way?

11. Stage 3: Re-evaluate the
Experience
 Evaluate and re-examining the experience
based on previous knowledge
 Associate new and old experiences
 Create new leaner’s repertoire (range) of
behaviour

12. Stage 4: Turning Experience into
Learning
 How do I feel about the experience?
 Could I have done better?
 What have I learn from this experience?
 What new knowledge did I get?
 What is new knowledge and skills that I
should acquire in order to better dealt
with similar situation in future?
 How do I accomplish these learning
needs?

13. Marking Guide
Element of reflection score
Brief description of event 0-1
Attending to feeling (during the incident) 0-1
Critical analyses- your thought, your 0-3
assumptions, other people involved and the
context (place, time, set up)
Synthesis / Evaluation – weighing up different 0-3
interest, room for dilemma and uncertainties,
evaluate own position and emancipation
Outcomes (learning needs, changed of 0-2
perception, behaviour or acquired new skill
13

14. On 26th of June 2008, I received results for repeat papers, I
failed 2 papers ie Human Genetic and Membrane Receptor
which means I have to repeat the first year again. At that
moment, I felt so sad and disappointed. I think that it is a
worse and very bad day to me. I can’t face this on my own, I
have never had this big and worst problem in my life before.
I think I did a good job in the examination. I put in maximum
effort to answer all the questions. But, whatever it is, I
believed that all this is the God decision. We as a Muslim we
must believed in Qada’ and Qadar so I have to face all this
problem.
As for now, the most important thing is to think positive and
strengthen my spirit. Besides that, I have to strive for the
best in this year and try my best to be a good and excellent
doctor one day.

15. Summary
Reflection
Reflective Writing
????
 Application of reflective learning in your
professional development & career
15