The document discusses the essential role of Software Defined Networks (SDN) in the evolution of smart cities, highlighting the need for a flexible, dynamic infrastructure to manage the increasing complexity and data from numerous IoT devices. It emphasizes the integration of SDN principles within a city operating system (CityOS) for improved network visibility and control, and calls for open standards to facilitate collaboration and innovation across different city services. Additionally, it points out the necessity for testbed deployments to evaluate and enhance these systems effectively.

1. Smart Cities, IoT, SDN, 5G Networks, Cloud
Computing…
Managing Complexity with SDN Orchestration
Service & Content Providers’ Perspective of Smart Cities - How to enrich citizen
experience using a pervasive urban SDN connectivity environment
Ramon Casellas, Ricard Vilalta, Raül Muñoz and Ricardo Martínez
The Software Defined Network – Programmable City Workshop - Bristol

2. The Software Defined Network – Programmable City Workshop – BiO/ONF 2015/07/07
Introduction: Smart cities & IoT
 Smart city  Monitors critical infrastructures, optimizes resources, plans maintenance, offers services to citizens
and users.
 50 billion devices expected to connect to the Internet by 2020 [Cisco, 2013]
 Complexity management of monitoring, real-time data evaluation, …
 Enhance/Automate decision-making?
 Key elements:
 Sensors/actuators (monitoring functionality, large amount of data flows)
 Network (dynamic, large bandwidth)
 Cloud (centralized approach) / Fog (distributed approach – end-user proximity)
 Key requirements:
 More agile IoT to accommodate the increased amount of transmitted data along with the expansion of connected devices
 Flexible/elastic, dynamically adapting and large bandwidth network to connect sensors-to-cloud, cloud-to-cloud and multiple
end-users
 High-capacity, fast processing, low latency to ensure quality of service and quality of experience
http://smartcity.bcn.cat

3. The Software Defined Network – Programmable City Workshop – BiO/ONF 2015/07/07
Take-away message 1:
Underlying Infrastructure to be complex & heterogeneous
 To support new advanced city services and satisfactory user experience, the
underlying communications infrastructure needs to evolve, grow and adapt,
resulting in heterogeneous technologies (both at the data and control plane).
 5G and beyond networks: 4G / 5G / mmWave /…
 Net & Functions Virtualization, Fog & Cloud computing (local/remote processing)…
 This network complexity needs to be managed
3
VNF
InstancesvEPC
VNF
Instances
Edge DC
(NFVI-PoP)
Core DC
(NFVI-POP)
Access Aggregation Core
RAN & Wireless Backhaul
(3G/LTE, Wi-FI)
LTE
Phy
LTE
stack
Metro DC
(NFVI-PoP)
VNF
Instances
Radio Access
Network
(3G/LTE)
Wireless (Wifi,
Bluetooth, etc)

4. The Software Defined Network – Programmable City Workshop – BiO/ONF 2015/07/07
Take-away message 2:
Programmable optical technologies still much relevant
 The optical technology still well positioned in view of latency / jitter and bandwidth
requirements  Core of the infrastructure to support heterogeneous services.
 Growth at the Data Center (Optical Interconnects) and Software Defined Optical
Transmission  Flexible data plane supporting elastic, dynamic and reconfigurable
optical networks with scalable, power/cost efficient, and reliable technologies.
4
Electric
chargers
Air
quality
Noise
levels
Bikes
parking
Video
surveillance
Smart
vehicles
Car
parking

5. The Software Defined Network – Programmable City Workshop – BiO/ONF 2015/07/07
Take-away message 3:
Integration of SDN in a “CityOS” environment
 A “SmartCityOS” platform can no longer rely on quasi-static network provisioning and will benefit from
network visibility & control and SDN principles. The re-configurability of the underlying networks
needs to be part of the “ToolBox” and “SystemCalls”
 Unpredictability of traffic (bandwidth a scarce resource with latency requirements), dynamic management of services
 Network Evolution for Smart City Services:
 Infrastructure  From a model of vertical (separated) networks for services to a convergent network model of
supporting diverse services and the implementation of new ones
 Control  SDN principles -- IoT Gateways (GW) and other network elements becoming SDN-enabled in order
to reduce operational and maintenance expenditures of the network.
5
Social impact and
Citizenship
Services
Platform
Network
Council Corporate
Network
(Fiber, WiFi, …)
Operators’
Network
(xDSL, GPRS, UMTS,…)
Sensors and
Actuators
Aggregation and Transport
Network
S/A
Wireless
Access Networks
Opportunities
for SDN
Platform

6. The Software Defined Network – Programmable City Workshop – BiO/ONF 2015/07/07
Take-away message 4:
The need to orchestrate heterogeneity
 It is not reasonable to assume a single “God” SDN controller controlling such
complexity, and we will need to manage vendor islands and segmentation
 Scalable solutions will need to rely on abstraction, virtualization and orchestration
of cloud / network services
 Example: Orchestration of heterogeneous transport networks – STRAUSS Control
Orchestration Protocol (COP) https://github.com/ict-strauss/COP
6
SDN
Controller
DC 2
Orchestrator
SDN
Controller
MAN
E2E Network
Orchestrator
SDN
Controller
WAN
Global Orchestrator (IoT, Network and Cloud)
Cloud
Controller
SDN
Controller
RAN
SDN
Controller
DC 1
Orchestrator
Cloud
Controller
IoT
Gateway
SDN Controller
WLAN/WPAN
IoT 1
Orchestrator
SDN
Controller
LAN/PAN
IoT2
Orchestrator
IoT
Gateway
Application
#1
Application
#2
Application …
N

7. The Software Defined Network – Programmable City Workshop – BiO/ONF 2015/07/07
Take-away message 5:
The need for Open and Standard Interfaces - also for Nets!
 An SDN/CityOS platform should relying on open and standard Data and Information Models,
Protocols and Interfaces, ultimately offering open access to collected data to public and third
parties.  Enable applications that are developed to exploit the information "generated by
the city" and the layer of sensors deployed across the city.
 cityprotocol.org -- seeks to define a common systems view for cities of any size or type, and then embraces or develops
protocols that will help innovators create – and modern cities deploy – cross-sectorial solutions that can connect and/or break
city silos.
 Sentilo -- The Platform of Sensors and Actuators of Barcelona Unified catalog and global monitoring, Standardized and
automated processes for sensors, Agreements with municipal services/areas, Unified communication interface for all the
applications, Facilitate others to reuse the tools and products.
7
http://www.sentilo.io/

8. The Software Defined Network – Programmable City Workshop – BiO/ONF 2015/07/07
Take-away message 6:
The need for PoC / testbed deployment / Exp. Evaluation
VNF
InstancesvEPC
VNF
Instances
Edge DC Core DC
ADRENALINE testbed ®EXTREME testbed ®
RAN & Wireless Backhaul
(3G/LTE, Wi-FI)
MAN
(Packet Aggregation)
WAN
(Optical Core)
LTE/5G/ SATELLITE PHY
(SDR/SIMULATION)
CASTLE testbed LTE
stack
Metro DC
Cloud
Services
IoTworld testbed
Analog Front-end GEDOMIS® testbed
LTE/5G analog
front-end µwave
& mmwave:
- Antenna
- Power amplifier
- Fillter
- Mixer
- Digital
predistortion
(SHAPER)
GWmGW3
WSNmWSN5WSN4
GW2
WSN3
GW1
WSN2WSN1
Sensors, Actuators
LTE
Phy
LTE
Phy
LTE/5G PHY (FPGA/SDR)
Energy harvesting
devices

9. Thank you!
Questions?
ramon.casellas@cttc.es
http://networks.cttc.es/ons
This work was supported by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013
through the STRAUSS project (608528) and IDEALIST project (317999)