This document summarizes the evolution of slavery and racism, from early Islamic law which did not consider race as a factor, to the development of the slave trade between Muslims, Christians, and Portuguese traders. It discusses how the Portuguese justified the slave trade through religious and racial ideologies, establishing racial hierarchies and social others based on physical differences between groups. The slave trade grew through Portuguese raids, ports, and forts along the African coast, establishing the foundations of the modern ideologies of racism.