A classroom has 16 desks arranged in 4 rows of 4 desks each. 13 students need to be seated. There are possible seating arrangements, fewer arrangements if 2 students must sit together, and fewer still if 2 other students cannot sit together. The probability of the 2 students sitting together is calculated based on the number of forbidden and total arrangements.

1. Question 4 Classroom

2. Students and Desks In a classroom with 16 desks arranged in a 4x4 square pattern, 13 students are to be seated a.) How many possible ways can this be done? b.) If 2 students, Oliver and Lilly, want to be seated together side by side in the same row, how many ways can this be done? c.) If 2 students, John and Richard are not to be seated together side by side in the same row, how many ways can this be done? d.) What is the probability that John and Richard will be seated together in the same row?