Weekly Rainfall Analysis for Crop Planning Using Markov’s Chain Model for Kan...IJERA Editor
Weekly rainfall analysis of Kandhamal district during the period of 1965 to 2010 were taken for analysis purpose, the analysis is very much important for crop planning and analyzing the probability of occurrence of dry and wet periods. This will act as bench mark for crop planning as well as sustainable agricultural management of Kandhamal district which comes under the agro-climatic zone of East-coast hill region. Markov chain model has been utilized to derive the probability of dry or wet weeks and also forward and backward accumulation of rain water suitable for crop production. This analysis can be helpful to find out different cropping system including intercropping and sequence cropping suitable during that period.
Magneto-Convection of Immiscible Fluids in a Vertical Channel Using Robin Bou...IJERA Editor
The effects of viscous dissipation on fully developed two fluid magnetohydrodynamic flow in the presence of
constant electric field in a vertical channel is investigated using Robin boundary conditions. The fluids in both
the regions are incompressible, electrically conducting and the transport properties are assumed to be constant.
The plate exchanges heat with an external fluid. Both conditions of equal and different reference temperatures of
the external fluid are considered. First, the simple cases of the negligible Brinkman number or the negligible
Grashof number are solved analytically. Then, the combined effects of buoyancy forces and viscous dissipation
are analyzed by a perturbation series method valid for small values of perturbation parameter. To relax the
condition on the perturbation parameter, the flow fields are solved by using the differential transform method.
The results are presented graphically for different values of the mixed convection parameter, Hartman number,
perturbation parameter, viscosity ratio, width ratio, conductivity ratio and Biot numbers for both open and short
circuit. The effects of these parameters on the Nusselt number at the walls is also drawn. It is found that the
solutions obtained by perturbation method and differential transform method agree very well for small values of
perturbation parameter.
Weekly Rainfall Analysis for Crop Planning Using Markov’s Chain Model for Kan...IJERA Editor
Weekly rainfall analysis of Kandhamal district during the period of 1965 to 2010 were taken for analysis purpose, the analysis is very much important for crop planning and analyzing the probability of occurrence of dry and wet periods. This will act as bench mark for crop planning as well as sustainable agricultural management of Kandhamal district which comes under the agro-climatic zone of East-coast hill region. Markov chain model has been utilized to derive the probability of dry or wet weeks and also forward and backward accumulation of rain water suitable for crop production. This analysis can be helpful to find out different cropping system including intercropping and sequence cropping suitable during that period.
Magneto-Convection of Immiscible Fluids in a Vertical Channel Using Robin Bou...IJERA Editor
The effects of viscous dissipation on fully developed two fluid magnetohydrodynamic flow in the presence of
constant electric field in a vertical channel is investigated using Robin boundary conditions. The fluids in both
the regions are incompressible, electrically conducting and the transport properties are assumed to be constant.
The plate exchanges heat with an external fluid. Both conditions of equal and different reference temperatures of
the external fluid are considered. First, the simple cases of the negligible Brinkman number or the negligible
Grashof number are solved analytically. Then, the combined effects of buoyancy forces and viscous dissipation
are analyzed by a perturbation series method valid for small values of perturbation parameter. To relax the
condition on the perturbation parameter, the flow fields are solved by using the differential transform method.
The results are presented graphically for different values of the mixed convection parameter, Hartman number,
perturbation parameter, viscosity ratio, width ratio, conductivity ratio and Biot numbers for both open and short
circuit. The effects of these parameters on the Nusselt number at the walls is also drawn. It is found that the
solutions obtained by perturbation method and differential transform method agree very well for small values of
perturbation parameter.
Aerobic Biodegradation of Vinegar Containing Waste Water by Mixed Culture Bac...IJERA Editor
The present study is focussed on biodegradation of the vinegar effluents by mixed culture bacteria isolated from the soil. The presence of acetic acid in the vinegar plant effluent contaminates the water and soil erodes if the effluent is released into the soil, ultimately contaminate the ground water table. It is necessary to remove acetic acid from the vinegar plant effluents. The technique used in this study in order to remove biodegradable matter is Aerobic Biodegradation. Varying initial concentrations of vinegar is synthetically prepared in the laboratory, which resembled the effluent released from the vinegar plant by adding the vinegar of 1%, 4%, 7% to 1250 ml water respectively. The mixed culture bacteria from the soil grown on standard Lysogeny Broth medium and introduced into the aerobic fluidized bed reactor after 24 hours and the bacteria (Bacilli, Cocci)biodegraded the organic matter i.e., acetic acid present in the sample. Samples analysed for vinegar concentration, DO and salinity, electrical conductivity for every 24hr, 48hr, and 72hr by volumetric analysis. The pH, DO, salinity, electrical conductivity and concentrations of the each samples measured for every 24hr, 48hr, and 72hr respectively. The pH of 1%, 4% & 7% samples varied from 6 to 9, 5 to 8.5 & 3 to 7 respectively from day1 to day3. The dissolved oxygen altered from 4ppm to 1ppm for 1% sample from day1 to day3 and from 5ppm to 2ppm for 4% vinegar sample for day1 o day3. Electrical conductivity of 1% vinegar sample increased from 52 to 58 from day1 to day3.
Performance Simulation Of Photovoltaic System BatteryIJERA Editor
Solar energy, despite being inexhaustible, has a major shortcoming; it is intermittent. As a result, there’s a need for it to be stored for later use. The widely used energy storage in photovoltaic system applications is the lead-acid battery and the knowledge of its state-of-charge (SOC) is important in effecting efficient control and energy management. However, SOC cannot be measured while the battery is connected to the system. This study adjusts and validates two estimation models: battery state-of-charge model using ampere-hour counting method and battery charge voltage model. For the battery state-of-charge model, the SOC is estimated by integrating the charge/discharge current over time while the battery charge voltage characteristic response is modelled by using the equation-fit method which expresses the battery charge voltage variations by a 5th order polynomial in terms of the state-of-charge and current. These models are realized using the MATLAB program. The battery charge voltage model is corrected for errors which may result from reduced charge voltage due to variation of solar radiation using the battery state-of-charge model. Moreover, the starting SOC needed in the state-of-charge model is estimated using the charge voltage model. The accuracies of the models are verified using various laboratory experiments.
Aerobic Biodegradation of Vinegar Containing Waste Water by Mixed Culture Bac...IJERA Editor
The present study is focussed on biodegradation of the vinegar effluents by mixed culture bacteria isolated from the soil. The presence of acetic acid in the vinegar plant effluent contaminates the water and soil erodes if the effluent is released into the soil, ultimately contaminate the ground water table. It is necessary to remove acetic acid from the vinegar plant effluents. The technique used in this study in order to remove biodegradable matter is Aerobic Biodegradation. Varying initial concentrations of vinegar is synthetically prepared in the laboratory, which resembled the effluent released from the vinegar plant by adding the vinegar of 1%, 4%, 7% to 1250 ml water respectively. The mixed culture bacteria from the soil grown on standard Lysogeny Broth medium and introduced into the aerobic fluidized bed reactor after 24 hours and the bacteria (Bacilli, Cocci)biodegraded the organic matter i.e., acetic acid present in the sample. Samples analysed for vinegar concentration, DO and salinity, electrical conductivity for every 24hr, 48hr, and 72hr by volumetric analysis. The pH, DO, salinity, electrical conductivity and concentrations of the each samples measured for every 24hr, 48hr, and 72hr respectively. The pH of 1%, 4% & 7% samples varied from 6 to 9, 5 to 8.5 & 3 to 7 respectively from day1 to day3. The dissolved oxygen altered from 4ppm to 1ppm for 1% sample from day1 to day3 and from 5ppm to 2ppm for 4% vinegar sample for day1 o day3. Electrical conductivity of 1% vinegar sample increased from 52 to 58 from day1 to day3.
Performance Simulation Of Photovoltaic System BatteryIJERA Editor
Solar energy, despite being inexhaustible, has a major shortcoming; it is intermittent. As a result, there’s a need for it to be stored for later use. The widely used energy storage in photovoltaic system applications is the lead-acid battery and the knowledge of its state-of-charge (SOC) is important in effecting efficient control and energy management. However, SOC cannot be measured while the battery is connected to the system. This study adjusts and validates two estimation models: battery state-of-charge model using ampere-hour counting method and battery charge voltage model. For the battery state-of-charge model, the SOC is estimated by integrating the charge/discharge current over time while the battery charge voltage characteristic response is modelled by using the equation-fit method which expresses the battery charge voltage variations by a 5th order polynomial in terms of the state-of-charge and current. These models are realized using the MATLAB program. The battery charge voltage model is corrected for errors which may result from reduced charge voltage due to variation of solar radiation using the battery state-of-charge model. Moreover, the starting SOC needed in the state-of-charge model is estimated using the charge voltage model. The accuracies of the models are verified using various laboratory experiments.
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