The document discusses the Crusades in the 11th century between Christian states in Europe and Muslims in the Middle East over conflicts in the Holy Land. It also discusses how the September 11th terrorist attacks led by Al-Qaeda exaggerated the perception that all of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Islamic culture are terrorists. This misconception is difficult to rectify due to rare contact with Muslim culture, exaggerated media coverage of terrorist attacks, and influences of political and cultural leaders who claim that Islam encourages violence.

3.  Crusade
 Series of holy wars by Christian states of Europe (1076)
 Cause
 conflicts with Muslims in the Middle East
 City of Jerusalem
 threats of the Turks
 Result
 cultural tension between Christians and Muslims

4.  September 11th, 2001
 by Al-Qaeda
 Iraq, Afghanistan, Islamic culture = terrorists

5.  Exaggerated terrorist
attacks
 Rare contact with the
Muslim culture
 Difficult to rectify
misconception
 Media coverage
 Political and cultural
leaders’ influences
 Islam encourages viole
nce, poll result
 Muslim = Terrorist
Before After

6.  Community Center
 Sharif El Gamal
 Open for everyone, regardless
of religion and ethnicity
 20% of the building devoted
to Muslim prayer room
Project 51

7.  Reason
 Inductive reasoning
 Hasty generalization
 Ad hominem
 False dilemma
 Emotion

8.  Perception
 Language
 Stereotype
 Labeling
 Emotionally laden words (terrorist)