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Product Quantization for Nearest
        Neighbor Search
            Author:xzx
          Date:2012.11.13
本文提出了一个积量化(product
quantization)的方法来进行近似最
近邻的查找。


• 主要想法:
 –   将原始数据向量分解成低维的子向量段
 –   对子向量段分别量化
 –   原始的向量可用子向量段的索引的笛卡尔积进行表示
 –   向量间的距离,可以用表示的值进行估计
现在的方法如KD-tree对于高维数据并不
  是很有效,甚至已经退化为穷尽搜索
  了。
解决的方法:近似最近邻搜索
• 对原始向量直接处理,randomized KD-tree和层次k均值
  (hierarchical k-means)(这两个方法都被FLANN(fast library for
  approximate nearest neighbor search)采用)。
• binary coding,如SH(spectral hashing),RBM(restricted
  Boltzmann machine),boosting和LSH等方法,它们对原始的
  特征向量进行二值压缩。
本文所提出方法属于
 第一类。


• 主要有两点优点:
 – 1.提出搜索结果的距离选择多样选择,而Binary
   coding 的方法结果选择的距离可选择性很少。
 – 2.结果能对向量间的L2度量进行估计,这在eps
   近邻搜索中很有用。
积量化
(product quantization)




原始向量       codebook
             1
                 2
                     3
                         4        量化之后
                             5

             1
                 2
                     3
                         4
                             5


              1
                  2
                      3
                          4
                              5
距离估计
     (distance approximation)




Symmetric distance computation(SDC):



Asymmetric distance computation(ADC):
距离估计
  (distance approximation)
Symmetric distance computation(SDC):
Asymmetric distance computation(ADC):
距离估计偏差
(distance approximation error)
解决穷尽搜索
的问题
                           Video-google
 倒排文件(inverted file
 system),索引相同的点组成一
 个队列。
 首先学习一个字典(codebook),进行粗分
 类,通过k-means方法,进行初步量化,建
 立倒排文件。




 计算残差向量


  Product Quantization
实验系统结构
索引算法
实验

• 数据集
 • SIFT: Flickr-INRIA Holidays images.
 • GIST:100k images from tiny image set.

• 实验结果
结论


• 本文提出一个近似近邻查找算法
• 能够计算出两个向量的L2距离的估计
• 结合倒排表,解决穷尽搜索的问题
• 在搜索性能与内存使用量上,较state of
  the art方法有更好的效果。
• 扩展性能很强。
谢谢!

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Product quantization for nearest neighbor search-report