Malaysia identified information and communication technology as a key foundation for its transition to a knowledge-based economy by 2020. As part of this plan, Malaysia launched its Smart School initiative in 1999 to deploy enabling technologies to schools. The goal was to create 90 pilot Smart Schools that would serve as models for a nationwide rollout of Smart School concepts, materials, skills and technologies in all primary and secondary schools by 2020. However, some concerns with Smart Schools include that students may not be ready to change from passive learning to self-directed learning and that educators may not be prepared to meet the expectations of developing critical thinking skills with fewer opportunities.