Prevencion y manejo de la obesidad infantil en el ambito de atencion primaria.pptx

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PREVENCION Y MANEJO DE LA
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OBESIDAD INFANTIL EN ELAMBITO DE
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ATENCION PRIMARIA.
MIP M FV
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®. UpToDate® Official reprint from UpToDate®
www.uptodate.com © 2024 UpToDate, Inc. and/or lts affiliates. Ali Rights Reserved.
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ARTltUtO 1
Prevention and management of childhood obesity
primary care setting
in the
AUTHOR: Joseph A Skelton, MD, MS
SECTION EDITOR: Sarah EBarlow, MD, MPH
DEPUTY EDITOR: Alison G Hoppin, MD
AII topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete.
Literature review current through: Mar 2024.
This topic last updated: Feb 12, 2024.
INTRODUCTION
Prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in children in the primary care setting
focuses on modifying behaviors that lead to excessive energy intake and insufficient energy
expenditure [1-5]. Guidance on cardiovascular health (rather than obesity per se) recommends
similar health behaviors, with a slightly different perspective. (See "Pediatric prevention of adult
cardiovascular disease: Promoting a healthy lifestyle and identifying at-risk children".)
This topic review addresses interventions to prevent and treat childhood obesity in the primary
care setting, including an outline of practica! approaches to incorporating them into a primary
care practice, reflecting the author's experience. Related content on childhood obesity can be
found in the following topic reviews:
• (See "Definition, epidemiology, and etiology of obesity in children and adolescents".)
• (See "Clinical evaluation of the child or adolescent with obesity".)
• (See "Overview of the health consequences of obesity in children and adolescents".)
• (See "Surgical management of severe obesity in adolescents" .)
GENERALAPPROACH TO HEALTH BEHAVIORANDUFESTYLECOUNSELING
JOSEPHA,SARAH E,ALISON G(2024).PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OFCHILDHOODOBESITYIN
PRIMA
R
Y CA
RESETTING. [ONLINE] A
V
AILABLE ON:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention•
and-management-of-childhood-obesity-in-the-primary-care-setting/print?
search=obesidad%20en%20adolescentes&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2%7EISO&usage
_type=default&display_rank=2
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-and-management-of-childhood-obesity-in-the-primary-care-setting/print?search=obesidad en adolescentes&source=s... U72

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ENFO UE
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AMBITO
,
ATENCION
EN EL DE LA PRIMARIA
CONDUCEN
SE CENTRA EN
MODIFICAR LAS CONDUCTAS QUE A UNA INGESTA
, ,
EXCESIVA DE ENERGIAYGASTO ENERGETICO INSUFICIENTE.
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JOSEPH A, SARAH E, ALISON G (2024). PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN PRIMARY CARE SETTING. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE ON:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-and-management-of-childhood-obesity-in-the-primary-care-setting/print?
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DISCUTIR EL PESO
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MUCHAS FAMILIAS SON SENSIBLESAL DISCUTIR EL PESO,
DEBIDOAQUE LAS PERSONASCON OBESIDADA MENUDO
LOLLEVA
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GENERAN PREJUICIOS DEELLOSMISMOS,LOQUE
I
LAAUTOCRITICA, BAJAAUTOESTIMA,
A DESESPERANZA Y
LOS SENTIMIENTOS EN LA ADOLESCENCIA SON DE LAS
DEL
PRINCIPALES BARRERAS PARA EL CAMBIO
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COMPORTAMIENTOYHABITO • •
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JOSEPH A, S
ARAH E
, ALISON G (2024). PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN PRIMARY C
ARE SETTING. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE ON:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-and-management-of-childhood-obesity-in-the-primary-care-setting/print?
search=obesidad%20en%20adolescentes&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2%7EISO&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

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Consideraciones económicas culturales
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Relación familiar
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Materiales y recursos
grupos, deportes
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Terms to avoid Use instead
Obese, fat, chubby Unhealthy weight, excess weight, weight problem
■
Diet Healthy eating
■
Ideal weight Healthy body weight
■
Counseling approaches to avoid Use instead
Discussion focused primarily on personal "bad"
lead to obesity
habits that Balanced discussion of genetic, physiologic, and
environmental contributors to weight gain
Acknowledgement that sorne people gain weight more
easily than others
Discussion of environmental factors that promete weight
gain, such as readily available energy-dense foods
■
■
■
Discussion
behaviors
centered primarily on child's weight, diet, and Discussion centered on family's health behaviors
Discussion centered on changes the parent can make to
help the entire family (especially for young children)
■
■
Scare tactics* Balanced and realistic discussion of benefits of healthy
eating and physical activity
Discussion may include benefits of short- and long-term
■
■
wellness
tactics
and disease prevention without
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u~in~ scare •
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JOSEPH A, SA
RA
H E, A
LISO
N G (2024). PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF C
HILDHOOD OBESITY IN PRIMARY C
ARE SETTING. [ONLINE] A
V
AILABLE ON:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-and-management-of-childhood-obesity-in-the-primary-care-setting/ print?

Goals facused on healthy behaviors and averall health
(strength a nd feel i ng1 wel 1)
Goals focused an weight or appearance ■
that
Endorsing food rewards ar large
achieve
rewards are diifficult to Encourage parents to affer small, frequent rewards for
rneetlnq achievable goals
Appropriat e rewards include praise, tokens ar stars, and
activit ies ar privileges (rather than food, rnonetary
incent ives, ar toys)
■
■
Criticism far nat rneetínq qoals CI inician a nd pa rents offer pra ise for h ea lthy behavi ors
or far meetinq any behavior goals (even if incomplete ar
i nte rm itte nt)
Offer problern-solvinq and encouraqernent
■
■
JOSEPH A, SA
RA
H E, A
LISO
N G (2024). PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF C
HILDHOOD OBESITY IN PRIMARY CA
RE SETTING. [ONLINE] A
V
AILABLE ON:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-and-management-of-childhood-obesity-in-the-primary-care-setting/ print?

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10
METAS PARA EL CAMBIO
Modificación en la dieta de la familia,
Limitación en el tiempo de pantallas, implementación del plato del buen
internet hora por día
SI comer y asesoriamiento con nutrición
.e:::;;
~
e >
-·
Cuidar os hábitos del sueño, no poner
Actividad física ~ hora al día aeróbicas,
1
un peso como meta, pero si argumentar
incluir actividades
menos dos veces a
de fuerza muscular al
la semana
el buen estado físico al menos
y
basarnos en el IMC de acuerdo a la edad
r - ~
t
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RECOMENDACI04N
Enfocarnos de forma multidisciplinar e interdisciplinar con otras
especialidades para lograr estos objetivos.
Tener en cuenta la importancia de la salud mental, sobre todo en la
adolescencia, mantener vigilancia a pacientes vulnerables al
el
bullying,
ansiedad, depresión, problemas
-·
con autoestima,
8 '9
para lograr apego de
forma mas eficaz
JOSEPH A, S
ARAH E
, ALISON G (2024). PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN PRIMARY C
ARE SETTING. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE ON:ht t ps://www.upt odat e.com/ cont ent s/ prevent ion-and- management -of -childhood- obesity-in-t he-primary-care-sett ing/ print ?

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older w-j-tlh
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or
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(See "Ob eslty; Gen etl e con trfbutJion ~ndpathophysioI ogy'1.. s1:2 ctlon on I
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ForSubcutaneousUse
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