Doppler in fetal anomalies

1. Ultrasound and Doppler
Of congenital fetal anomalies

2. Head anomalies
Normal
Cicle of wills is
closed
Abnormal
Holoprosencephaly
There’s anterior artery malformation
The circle of wiils is not closed

3. Head anomalies
Normal
Mid sagittal view (TV US)
Of the fetal head
Pericallosal anterior cerebral artery
Abnormal
agenesis of
corpus callosum

4. Vein of Galen aneurysm
As a result of arteriovenous malformation with
major hemodynamic disturbance
May be associated by high - output heart ❤ failure

5. Visualization of
f
luid movements by
Doppler us
Color Doppler enables not only visualization of
blood
f
low 🩸 but also movements of the
f
luid
— during breathing movement
f
low are
observed at the level of mouth , nose and
trachea
Visualization of fetal
urination by color Doppler
may help to make the
diagnosis of hypospadias

6. Cleft palate
Normal
Fluid movements
during breathing
Color Doppler facilitates the
diagnosis of the cleft palate
by demonstrating the
movement of the
f
luid
between the mouth and nose
during breathing.

7. Duodenal atresia
Double bubbles sign of dilated stomach and proximal duodenum ،،
peristalsis and anti-peristalsis waves are associated with to -and -fro
f
luid movement (red and blue)
Are demonstrating by color Doppler

8. Superior mesenteric artery

9. Fetal diaphragmatic hernia
Normal
Superior mesenteric
artery has direction
f
low
downwards it is parallel
diaphragmatic hernia
direction of the superior
mesenteric artery is upward
( upturned SMA )

10. normal
There’s two renal arteries
arising from the aorta
supplying the tow kidneys
Unilateral renal
agenesis is the
Absence of
one kidney
Bilateral renal
agensis is the
Absence of both
renal arteries
renal anomalies

11. Fetal tumors
Color Doppler can di
ff
erentiate
between the di
ff
erent types of tumors
Vascular or non vascular
Fetal hemangioma
( vascular mass)
Sacrococcgyeal
teratoma
( vascular mass) Meningocele
(CSF only)

12. Single umbilical
artery
Single umbilical artery is
the most common
congenital abnormalities
of the Umbilical cord.
- left single umbilical
artery is more common
than right one.
— single umbilical artery
most probably associated
with chromosomal
And congenital anomalies
Normal tow umbilical arteries
On both side of the bladder
(Right and left)
Normal
Umbilical cord
Congenital abnormality

13. Anterior abdominal wall defects
Exomphalose
(Omphalocele ) the protruding organs
are contained with a thin covered sac
the umbilical cord arises from its center.
Gastroschisis
The bowl is free
f
loating and superior
mesenteric artery extending into the
exteriorized bowel
Umbilical cord appears at the side of
the defect,,the left side more
common than right side

14. Anterior abdominal wall defects
Omphalocele Gasteroschisis

15. Megacystic bladder
Presence of umbilical artery on both side of the bladder
to di
ff
erentiate between it and other cystes for
example ovarian cyst in femal fetus .

16. Conjoined twins
Conjoined twin-sing refers to incomplete splitting of
monozygotic twins after 12 days of embryogenesis we
can diagnosed early by DopplerU s which con
f
irming
the vascular connectivity between the two embryos.