The document discusses the present perfect and present perfect continuous tenses and their uses. The present perfect continuous focuses on an action that began in the past and continues in the present, while the present perfect focuses on the result of an action completed recently. Some examples provided are "I have been working hard" using the present perfect continuous to emphasize ongoing action, and "She has learnt so many words" using the present perfect to emphasize the result of learning.

1. PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS

2.  To focus on the action that started in the past and
continuous into the present.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 I have been working hard
 She has been reading a lot
 They have been studying for the final exam

3.  To talk about activities that finished not long ago and
whose results are evident.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 He has been playing soccer
 The children have been eating ice-cream
 They have been painting

4.  They have been playing soccer

5.  They have been painting

6.  He has been playing soccer

7.  To focus on the activity rather than on the result.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 She has been learning Italian
 We have been cooking dinner
 They have been saving money

8.  To focus on the result we use present perfect.
PRESENT PERFECT
 She has been learning Italian
 We have been cooking dinner
 They have been saving money
 She has learnt so many words
 We have cooked pasta and rice
 They have saved 10 million pesos in 1 year
RESULT
RESULT
RESULT
ACTION
ACTION
ACTION

9. How long
How many / Much
 They have saved 10 million pesos in 1 year
 They have been saving money