The document explains encapsulation, a concept in object-oriented programming that binds data and functions, restricting direct access to an object's internal state. It provides advantages like data hiding, control, security, flexibility, and reusability, with types including member variable, function, and class encapsulation. Real-life examples illustrate its purpose, and it emphasizes the use of getter and setter methods for accessing class members.

1. Topic
 Introduction
 What is Encapsulation?
 Real Life Practical example of
Encapsulation
 Advantages of Encapsulations
 Important to know
 Example of Encapsulation in
C++
 Types Of Encapsulation
 Why we use Encapsulation?

2. Introduction to
Encapsulation

3. Introduction
Encapsulation means binding
(joining) a variables (data)
with a function (Methods).

4. Introduction
Encapsulation means binding
(joining) a variables (data)
with a function (Methods).
E.g. When we encapsulate a
class

5. Introduction
Encapsulation means binding
(joining) a variables (data)
with a function (Methods).
 It keep the important but
unnecessary data away
from the user of the
program
E.g. When we encapsulate a
class

6. Encapsulation in C++

7. Encapsulation in C++ is defined as
the wrapping up of data and
information in a single unit. In
Object Oriented Programming
(OOP),
What is Encapsulation in C++?
Encapsulation is defined as binding
together the data and the functions
that manipulate them.

8. Real life example of
Encapsulation

9. Real Life Practical example of Encapsulation
As we know ,in a company, there are different sections like the accounts
section, finance section, sales section, etc.
The finance section handles all the financial transactions and keeps
records of all the data related to finance.
Similarly, the sales section handles all the sales-related activities and
keeps records of all the sales.
Now there may arise a situation when for some reason an official from
the finance section needs all the data about sales in a particular month.
In this case, he is not allowed to directly access the data of the sales
section. He will first have to contact some other officer in the sales section
and then request him to give the particular data.
This is what encapsulation means our computer programming

10. Why we need to
use
Encapsulation ?

11. Why we need to use Encapsulation ?
Encapsulation is a way to restrict the direct access
to some components of an object, so users cannot
access state values for all of the variables of a
particular object.
Encapsulation can be used to hide both data members
and data functions or methods associated with an
instantiated class or object.
The primary purpose of encapsulation is to hide an
object’s internal representation or state from the
outside. This concept is also known as information
hiding.

12. Advantages
Of
Encapsulate

13. Advantages of Encapsulations
Data Hiding : Restricts access to data
members, hiding
implementation details.
Control : Provides better control over class
attributes and methods.
Security: Increases security of data.
Flexibility: Allows changes to one part of
the code without
affecting
others.
Reusability: By defining one class, we can
create many objects
with consistent
behavior.

14. Types
Of
Encapsulate

15. Types Of Encapsulation
• There are three basic types Encapsulation
 Member variable encapsulation,
 Function encapsulation and
 Class encapsulation
Encapsulation
Member
variable
encapsulati
-on
Function
encapsulati
-on
Class
encapsulati
-on

16. Member Variable
Encapsulation

17. Member Variable Encapsulation:
 In this type, data
members (also
known as
attributes or
fields) are
encapsulated
within a class.

18. Member Variable Encapsulation:
 Data members
are typically
private by
default, ensuring
that they are not
directly
accessible from
outside the class.
 In this type, data
members (also
known as
attributes or
fields) are
encapsulated
within a class.

19. Member Variable Encapsulation:
 Data members
are typically
private by
default, ensuring
that they are not
directly
accessible from
outside the class.
 To access these
data members,
we use setter and
getter methods
(also known as
mutator and
accessor
methods).
 In this type, data
members (also
known as
attributes or
fields) are
encapsulated
within a class.

20. Function
Encapsulation

21. Function Encapsulation:
 Function
encapsulation
refers to
marking a
method of code
as private to
prevent
unauthorized
access.

22. Function Encapsulation:
 Function
encapsulation
refers to
marking a
method of code
as private to
prevent
unauthorized
access.
 These private
methods are
hidden from
external code.

23. Function Encapsulation:
 Function
encapsulation
refers to
marking a
method of code
as private to
prevent
unauthorized
access.
 These private
methods are
hidden from
external code.
 It ensures that
only
authorized
parts of the
code can call
specific
functions.

24. Class
Encapsulation

25.  Class Encapsulation:
 Class
encapsulation
involves
declaring an
entire class as
private to
restrict user
access.

26.  Class Encapsulation:
 Class
encapsulation
involves
declaring an
entire class as
private to
restrict user
access.
 This means
that other
classes cannot
directly
interact with
the
encapsulated
class.

27.  Class Encapsulation:
 Class
encapsulation
involves
declaring an
entire class as
private to
restrict user
access.
 It allows hiding
implementatio
n details and
organizing
related data
and methods
together.
 This means
that other
classes cannot
directly
interact with
the
encapsulated
class.

28. Example of
Encapsulation in C++

29. Example of Encapsulation in C++
In this example:
 We calculate the area of a rectangle using the
getArea() method.
 The length and breadth data members are
private, encapsulating them within the
Rectangle class.
 The public interface allows access to the
getArea() method.

30. Important to know

31. Encapsulation is counted as one in four main pillar Of
Object Oriented Programming (OOPs)

32. Additional Notes:
 Getter and setter functions provide
controlled access to class members.
 Encapsulation is not just data hiding;
it’s about bundling related fields and
methods together.
 It improves readability,
maintainability, and security.