IT IS A LIST OF
WONDERS OF NATURE SERIES OF BOOKS PUBLISHED BY ME ON WEEBLY.COM .
SOME OF THESE BOOKS ARE ON SCRIBD.COM AND SOME ON SLIDE SHARE .NET AS WELL;
ALL COVER SCIENTIFIC TOPICS; 2 BOOKS ARE IN ENGLISH AND REST IN BILINGUAL ( ENGLISH/HINDI ) FORMAT ;
ALL IN SEMI POETIC STYLE
MANY ARCHAEA ARE EXTREMOPHILES SOME ARE HALOPHILIC, BUT SOME ARE HYPERHALOPHILIC ,SOME ARE ALKALOPHILIC SOME HYPER ALKALOPHILIC BUT SOME ARE DOUBLE EXTREMOPHILES BEING HYPER HALO ALKALIPHILIC LIKE NATRIALBA -A FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE WHICH IS EXOELECTROGEN AS WELL AND CAN PRODUCE ELECTRICITY IN SUNLIGHT AS WELL AS MFC .
MANY ARCHAEA & BACTERIA ARE EXTREMOPHILES BUT SOME ARCHAEA ARE HYPER THERMOPHILES LIKE SULFOLOBALES DISCOVERED FIRST IN SOLFATANA VOLCANO ITALY AND LATER IN MANY HOT SPRINGS AND HOT MUD POOLS
THEY HAVE SPECIAL STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM TO BE ABLE TO SURVIVE AT 70-85 C MAIN THING IS THEY CAN GENERATE ELECTRICITY EVEN AT 80 C IN MFC
INTERESTINGLY THEY HAVE BEEN SELECTED FOR SPACE TRIPS BY NASA .
CHLAMYDOMONAS IS A WONDERFUL ORGANISM KNOWN FOR ITS MANY FEATURES AND QUALITIES ;BUT THESE DAYS IT IS IN NEWS MAINLY FOR ITS ABILITY TO CONVERT LIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY DIRECTLY IN ITS
' EYE ' AND IN MFC ;HERE WE HAVE FOCUSED ON TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS OBTAINED FROM PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTIONS TO ANODES INMFC
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ELECTROACTIVE ORGANISMS CAPABLE OF TRANSFERING ELECTRONS OUTSIDE THEIR CELLS
PYROCOCCUS IS ONE SUCH MICROORGANISM -A HYPERTHERMOPHILE CAPABLE OF TRANSFERING ELECTRONS TO ANODES AND PRODUCE ELECTRICITY EVEN AT 90C IT IS A UNIQUE ORGANISM IN MANY RESPECTS
EXOELECTROGENS ARE CAPABLE OF EXPORTING ELECTRONS OUT OF THEIR CELLS AND HAVE GREAT AFFINITY WITH ELECTRODES;HENCE THEY TRANSFER EXCESS ELECTRONS PRODUCED DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS OR RESPIRATION .MANY BACTERIA AND ALGAE ARE ELECTRO ACTIVE AND MACRO ALGAE ARE ONE OF THEM AND HAVE BEEN FOUND TO BEMORE EFFICIENT THAN BACTERIA AS EVIDENT FROM THE EXPERIMENTS BY SHLODBERG ON ULVA.
EXO ELECTROGENIC SPECIES ARE FOUND IN MANY GENERA OF EUKARYOTIC AS WELL AS PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS ;BUT BACTERIA ,PARTICULARLY CYANOBACTERIA AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKAROTES LIKE ALGAE AREIN THE FOREFRONT - BOTH MICRO AMD MACRO ALGAE ARE BEING UTILISED WITH OR WITHOUT BACTERIA IN MFCs FOR TREARING POLLUTED WATER AND SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY -THE ADVANTAGE WITH ALGAE IS THEY SUCK IN CO2 AND GIVE OUT O2 AND ARE THUS
BETTER FOR ENVIRONMENT
NITZCHIA IS A LARGE GENUS OF DIATOMS WHICH INCLUDES BOTH FRESH WATER AND MARINE SPECIES -MANY TOXIC ALSO;BUT THEY ALSO SERVES AS GOOD BIOSENSORS MAINLY DUE TO THEIR BIOLUMINESCENT POROUS SILICON FRISTULE
DIATOMS LIKE NITZSCIA ARE ALSO PREFERRED DUE TO THEIR OIL PRODUCTION AND OTHER USES OF THEIR FRISTULE
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ORGANISMS
WHICH CAN RECEIVE ELECTRONS FROM DONARS AND CAN EXPORT
ELECTRONS OUTSIDE THE CELL OR CELLS
THE ELECTRONS PRODUCED DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS OR RESPIRATION AVAILABLE TO THEM CAN BE PASSED ON TO ELCTRON ACCEPTORS VIA ELECTRODES AND DURING THE PROCESS ELECTRICITY GETS GENERATED IN THE CIRCUIT .
THE CHALLENGE IS TO EXTRACT ELECTRONS AND USE THEM FOR POWER GENERATION AS WELL AS SIMULTANEOUSLY CLEAN POLLUTED WATER AND PRODUCE HYDROGEN ETC AND OTHER BY PRODUCTS .
CYANOBACTERIA ARE ONE MOST OF THE MOST FAMOUS BACTERIA -KNOWN FROM PRECAMBIAN DAYS AND DISTINGUISHED AS MULTITASK MASTERS -EARLIER CONSIDERED RESPONSIBLE FOR OXYGENATED ATMOSPHERE WHERE AEROBICS FLOURISHED AND FOR NITROGEN FIXING ABILITIES BUT KNOW VALUED EQUALLY FOR THEIR CONVERTINF LIGHT ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY ;AND ALSO FOR CAPABILITY TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN AND ORGANICS LIKE ETHANOL ETC
SHEWANELLA - VERSATILE EXOELECTROGENIC FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE CAPABLE OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY BY REDUCING MANY METALS WHILE RESPIRING AND TRANSFERING ELECTRONS EXTRACELLULARLY
HENCE THEIR BIOFILMS AREUSED IN MFCs,MECs. ;KNOWN FOR THRIVING ON A VARIETY OF SUBSTRATES AND REDUCING MANY NOBLE METALS LIKE GOLD SILVER PLATINUM ETC ; ALSO CAPABLE OF PRODUCING HYDROGEN AND H2S; ALSO FAMOUS FOR BIOSYNTHESIS OF NANOPARICLES ;PRAISED FOR EFFICIENCY OF ITS NANOWIRES AND BIOFILMS ; CAN GENERATE ELECTRICITY FROM WASTE ALSO;HENCE SELECTED FOR DEEPSPACE RESEARCH -COULD SOLVE ASTRAUNOTS URINE DISPOSAL PROBLEM AS IT CAN MAKE IT REUSABLE WHILE PROVIDING POWER TO SATELLITE;IT IS ALSO INFAMOUS FOR SPOILING FOOD-FISH MEAT ETC AND CAUSING DISEASES IN HUMANS .
GEOBACTER IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS EXOELECTROGENIC BACTERIA WHICH WAS THE FIRST BACTERIUM DISCOVERED WITH CAPABLITY OF OXIDISING ORGANIC COMPONDS AND METALS( INCLUDING RADIOACTIVE METALS AND PETROLEUM COMPOUNDS )INTO CO2 USING IRONOXIDE ETC AS ELECTRON ACCEPTOR AND PRODUCING ELECTRIC CURRENT. ITHAS BEEN USED IN VARY MANY EXPERIMENTS TO TEST THE WONDERFUL QUALITIES, ABILITIES AND CAPABILITIES OF VERSATILE EXOELECTROGENS AND THEIR USE FOR BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOFUEL PRODUCTION., THEY ARE ALSO CAPABLE OF RESPIRING ON GRAPHITE ELECTRODES
EXOELECTROGENS ARE VERSATILE HEROES CAPABLE OF SIMULTANEOUSLY DELIVERING MULTIPLE BENEFITS TO US INVARIOUS FIELDS RANGING FROM BIOREMEDIATION TO ENERGY,ENVIRONMENT, SENSORS, CLEAN BIO FUELS DESALINATION,Etc AND ARE POISED TO SOLVE OUR WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM EVEN IN SPACE.
ONE FEALS LIKE SALUTING THEM FOR THEIR MULTIPLE TALENTS.
THEY INCLUDE MAINLY BACTERIA BUT ALSO MICRO ALGAE, FUNGI,AND EVEN SOME ANGIOSPERMS .
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ORGANISMS WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF SENDING EXCESS ELECTRONS OUT OF THE CELL TO AN ULTIMATE ELECTRON ACCEPTOR . THE MOST FAMOUS EXOELECTROGENS INCLUDE GEOBACTER & SHEWANELLA BACTERIA. THEIR THESE QUALITIES ARE BEING USED IN MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS .
THEIR APPLICATION FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM WASTEWATERS BIOREMEDIATION
CHAMPIONS OF THE PLANT KINGDOM - CONTENTS SNIP.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
HERE 'PLANT KINGDOM' HAS BEEN USED IN LARGER SENSE TO INCLUDE NOT ONLY PLANTAE BUT ALSO PROTISTA FUNGI BACTERIA AND LICHENS AND EXTENDED TO INCLUDE EVEN THE ENEMIES OF ALL LIVING BEINGS -THE VIRUSES .
CHAMPION FUNGI -PHELLINUS ELLIPSOIDEUS - LARGEST FRUITING BODY - SNIP PD.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
PHELLINUS ELLIPSOIDEUS PREFERS INFECTING DRYING OR DRY LOGS OF WOOD AND IS KNOWN FOR ITS UNUSUALLY LARGE FRUITING BODY WHICH HAS PROVED TO BE THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD
'AND IS CAPABLE OF RELEASING OR RATHER SHOWERING A TRILLION SPORES FROM MILLIONS OF PORES PER DAY.
VIRUSES ARE NOT CONSIDERED LIVING BEINGS BUT EVEN IF THEY WERE THEY WOULD NOT FIT IN ANY KINGDOM ;THEY ARE ACTUALLY ENEMIES OF ALL KINGDOMS OF LIVING BEINGS;
HENCE I WAS INITIALLY RELUCTENT TO INCLUDE THEM IN ABOOK ABOUT LIVING BEINGS BUT THEN I THOUGHT WITHOUT THEM THE STORY OF LIVING BEINGS IS NOT COMPLETE ;FURTHER THEY ARE NOT TREATED AS LIVING BY OUR DEFINITION OF LIFE AND LIVING BEINGS OTHERWISE THEY HAVE MANY CHARCTERISTICS OF BEINGS AND ARE WORTHY OF DUE CONSIDERATION AND FIT INTO OUR DEFINITION OF CHAMPIONS
AMONGST VIRUSES PITHO VIRUSESARE LARGEST AND MOST ANCIENT AND WITH MANY INTERESTING FEATURES .
IT IS A PRAYER INCORPORATING THANKS TO CHAMPION OFCHAMPIONS- LORD VISHVKARMA -GREAT GOD WHO CREATED THIS UNIVERSE AND SCOPE OF CHANPIONSHIP TO EACH CLASS AND CATEGORY OF LIVING BEINGS
IT IS INTERESTING TO KNOW THAT THERE ARE TWO CLAIMENTS FOR THE TITLE OF SMALLEST BACTERIA
AND BOTH ARE RIGHT IN THEIR OWN
WAY - MYCOPLASMA AS A PARASITE AND PELAGIBACTER AS A SELF SUFFICIENT ORGANISM .
BACTERIA ARE THEMSELVES MICROORGANISMS BUT THEY AREOF DIFFERENT SIZES AND MYCOPLASMA ARE SMALLEST PARASITIC BACTERIA;THEY ARE HOWEVER MORE KNOWN OR FEARED DUE TO THEIR PARASITIC NATURE.PARTICULARLY THEIR VARIETIES WHICH CAUSE SERIOUS DISEASES IN HUMANBEINGS.
IT IS A LIST OF
WONDERS OF NATURE SERIES OF BOOKS PUBLISHED BY ME ON WEEBLY.COM .
SOME OF THESE BOOKS ARE ON SCRIBD.COM AND SOME ON SLIDE SHARE .NET AS WELL;
ALL COVER SCIENTIFIC TOPICS; 2 BOOKS ARE IN ENGLISH AND REST IN BILINGUAL ( ENGLISH/HINDI ) FORMAT ;
ALL IN SEMI POETIC STYLE
MANY ARCHAEA ARE EXTREMOPHILES SOME ARE HALOPHILIC, BUT SOME ARE HYPERHALOPHILIC ,SOME ARE ALKALOPHILIC SOME HYPER ALKALOPHILIC BUT SOME ARE DOUBLE EXTREMOPHILES BEING HYPER HALO ALKALIPHILIC LIKE NATRIALBA -A FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE WHICH IS EXOELECTROGEN AS WELL AND CAN PRODUCE ELECTRICITY IN SUNLIGHT AS WELL AS MFC .
MANY ARCHAEA & BACTERIA ARE EXTREMOPHILES BUT SOME ARCHAEA ARE HYPER THERMOPHILES LIKE SULFOLOBALES DISCOVERED FIRST IN SOLFATANA VOLCANO ITALY AND LATER IN MANY HOT SPRINGS AND HOT MUD POOLS
THEY HAVE SPECIAL STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM TO BE ABLE TO SURVIVE AT 70-85 C MAIN THING IS THEY CAN GENERATE ELECTRICITY EVEN AT 80 C IN MFC
INTERESTINGLY THEY HAVE BEEN SELECTED FOR SPACE TRIPS BY NASA .
CHLAMYDOMONAS IS A WONDERFUL ORGANISM KNOWN FOR ITS MANY FEATURES AND QUALITIES ;BUT THESE DAYS IT IS IN NEWS MAINLY FOR ITS ABILITY TO CONVERT LIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY DIRECTLY IN ITS
' EYE ' AND IN MFC ;HERE WE HAVE FOCUSED ON TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS OBTAINED FROM PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTIONS TO ANODES INMFC
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ELECTROACTIVE ORGANISMS CAPABLE OF TRANSFERING ELECTRONS OUTSIDE THEIR CELLS
PYROCOCCUS IS ONE SUCH MICROORGANISM -A HYPERTHERMOPHILE CAPABLE OF TRANSFERING ELECTRONS TO ANODES AND PRODUCE ELECTRICITY EVEN AT 90C IT IS A UNIQUE ORGANISM IN MANY RESPECTS
EXOELECTROGENS ARE CAPABLE OF EXPORTING ELECTRONS OUT OF THEIR CELLS AND HAVE GREAT AFFINITY WITH ELECTRODES;HENCE THEY TRANSFER EXCESS ELECTRONS PRODUCED DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS OR RESPIRATION .MANY BACTERIA AND ALGAE ARE ELECTRO ACTIVE AND MACRO ALGAE ARE ONE OF THEM AND HAVE BEEN FOUND TO BEMORE EFFICIENT THAN BACTERIA AS EVIDENT FROM THE EXPERIMENTS BY SHLODBERG ON ULVA.
EXO ELECTROGENIC SPECIES ARE FOUND IN MANY GENERA OF EUKARYOTIC AS WELL AS PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS ;BUT BACTERIA ,PARTICULARLY CYANOBACTERIA AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKAROTES LIKE ALGAE AREIN THE FOREFRONT - BOTH MICRO AMD MACRO ALGAE ARE BEING UTILISED WITH OR WITHOUT BACTERIA IN MFCs FOR TREARING POLLUTED WATER AND SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY -THE ADVANTAGE WITH ALGAE IS THEY SUCK IN CO2 AND GIVE OUT O2 AND ARE THUS
BETTER FOR ENVIRONMENT
NITZCHIA IS A LARGE GENUS OF DIATOMS WHICH INCLUDES BOTH FRESH WATER AND MARINE SPECIES -MANY TOXIC ALSO;BUT THEY ALSO SERVES AS GOOD BIOSENSORS MAINLY DUE TO THEIR BIOLUMINESCENT POROUS SILICON FRISTULE
DIATOMS LIKE NITZSCIA ARE ALSO PREFERRED DUE TO THEIR OIL PRODUCTION AND OTHER USES OF THEIR FRISTULE
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ORGANISMS
WHICH CAN RECEIVE ELECTRONS FROM DONARS AND CAN EXPORT
ELECTRONS OUTSIDE THE CELL OR CELLS
THE ELECTRONS PRODUCED DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS OR RESPIRATION AVAILABLE TO THEM CAN BE PASSED ON TO ELCTRON ACCEPTORS VIA ELECTRODES AND DURING THE PROCESS ELECTRICITY GETS GENERATED IN THE CIRCUIT .
THE CHALLENGE IS TO EXTRACT ELECTRONS AND USE THEM FOR POWER GENERATION AS WELL AS SIMULTANEOUSLY CLEAN POLLUTED WATER AND PRODUCE HYDROGEN ETC AND OTHER BY PRODUCTS .
CYANOBACTERIA ARE ONE MOST OF THE MOST FAMOUS BACTERIA -KNOWN FROM PRECAMBIAN DAYS AND DISTINGUISHED AS MULTITASK MASTERS -EARLIER CONSIDERED RESPONSIBLE FOR OXYGENATED ATMOSPHERE WHERE AEROBICS FLOURISHED AND FOR NITROGEN FIXING ABILITIES BUT KNOW VALUED EQUALLY FOR THEIR CONVERTINF LIGHT ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY ;AND ALSO FOR CAPABILITY TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN AND ORGANICS LIKE ETHANOL ETC
SHEWANELLA - VERSATILE EXOELECTROGENIC FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE CAPABLE OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY BY REDUCING MANY METALS WHILE RESPIRING AND TRANSFERING ELECTRONS EXTRACELLULARLY
HENCE THEIR BIOFILMS AREUSED IN MFCs,MECs. ;KNOWN FOR THRIVING ON A VARIETY OF SUBSTRATES AND REDUCING MANY NOBLE METALS LIKE GOLD SILVER PLATINUM ETC ; ALSO CAPABLE OF PRODUCING HYDROGEN AND H2S; ALSO FAMOUS FOR BIOSYNTHESIS OF NANOPARICLES ;PRAISED FOR EFFICIENCY OF ITS NANOWIRES AND BIOFILMS ; CAN GENERATE ELECTRICITY FROM WASTE ALSO;HENCE SELECTED FOR DEEPSPACE RESEARCH -COULD SOLVE ASTRAUNOTS URINE DISPOSAL PROBLEM AS IT CAN MAKE IT REUSABLE WHILE PROVIDING POWER TO SATELLITE;IT IS ALSO INFAMOUS FOR SPOILING FOOD-FISH MEAT ETC AND CAUSING DISEASES IN HUMANS .
GEOBACTER IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS EXOELECTROGENIC BACTERIA WHICH WAS THE FIRST BACTERIUM DISCOVERED WITH CAPABLITY OF OXIDISING ORGANIC COMPONDS AND METALS( INCLUDING RADIOACTIVE METALS AND PETROLEUM COMPOUNDS )INTO CO2 USING IRONOXIDE ETC AS ELECTRON ACCEPTOR AND PRODUCING ELECTRIC CURRENT. ITHAS BEEN USED IN VARY MANY EXPERIMENTS TO TEST THE WONDERFUL QUALITIES, ABILITIES AND CAPABILITIES OF VERSATILE EXOELECTROGENS AND THEIR USE FOR BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOFUEL PRODUCTION., THEY ARE ALSO CAPABLE OF RESPIRING ON GRAPHITE ELECTRODES
EXOELECTROGENS ARE VERSATILE HEROES CAPABLE OF SIMULTANEOUSLY DELIVERING MULTIPLE BENEFITS TO US INVARIOUS FIELDS RANGING FROM BIOREMEDIATION TO ENERGY,ENVIRONMENT, SENSORS, CLEAN BIO FUELS DESALINATION,Etc AND ARE POISED TO SOLVE OUR WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM EVEN IN SPACE.
ONE FEALS LIKE SALUTING THEM FOR THEIR MULTIPLE TALENTS.
THEY INCLUDE MAINLY BACTERIA BUT ALSO MICRO ALGAE, FUNGI,AND EVEN SOME ANGIOSPERMS .
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ORGANISMS WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF SENDING EXCESS ELECTRONS OUT OF THE CELL TO AN ULTIMATE ELECTRON ACCEPTOR . THE MOST FAMOUS EXOELECTROGENS INCLUDE GEOBACTER & SHEWANELLA BACTERIA. THEIR THESE QUALITIES ARE BEING USED IN MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS .
THEIR APPLICATION FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM WASTEWATERS BIOREMEDIATION
CHAMPIONS OF THE PLANT KINGDOM - CONTENTS SNIP.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
HERE 'PLANT KINGDOM' HAS BEEN USED IN LARGER SENSE TO INCLUDE NOT ONLY PLANTAE BUT ALSO PROTISTA FUNGI BACTERIA AND LICHENS AND EXTENDED TO INCLUDE EVEN THE ENEMIES OF ALL LIVING BEINGS -THE VIRUSES .
CHAMPION FUNGI -PHELLINUS ELLIPSOIDEUS - LARGEST FRUITING BODY - SNIP PD.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
PHELLINUS ELLIPSOIDEUS PREFERS INFECTING DRYING OR DRY LOGS OF WOOD AND IS KNOWN FOR ITS UNUSUALLY LARGE FRUITING BODY WHICH HAS PROVED TO BE THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD
'AND IS CAPABLE OF RELEASING OR RATHER SHOWERING A TRILLION SPORES FROM MILLIONS OF PORES PER DAY.
VIRUSES ARE NOT CONSIDERED LIVING BEINGS BUT EVEN IF THEY WERE THEY WOULD NOT FIT IN ANY KINGDOM ;THEY ARE ACTUALLY ENEMIES OF ALL KINGDOMS OF LIVING BEINGS;
HENCE I WAS INITIALLY RELUCTENT TO INCLUDE THEM IN ABOOK ABOUT LIVING BEINGS BUT THEN I THOUGHT WITHOUT THEM THE STORY OF LIVING BEINGS IS NOT COMPLETE ;FURTHER THEY ARE NOT TREATED AS LIVING BY OUR DEFINITION OF LIFE AND LIVING BEINGS OTHERWISE THEY HAVE MANY CHARCTERISTICS OF BEINGS AND ARE WORTHY OF DUE CONSIDERATION AND FIT INTO OUR DEFINITION OF CHAMPIONS
AMONGST VIRUSES PITHO VIRUSESARE LARGEST AND MOST ANCIENT AND WITH MANY INTERESTING FEATURES .
IT IS A PRAYER INCORPORATING THANKS TO CHAMPION OFCHAMPIONS- LORD VISHVKARMA -GREAT GOD WHO CREATED THIS UNIVERSE AND SCOPE OF CHANPIONSHIP TO EACH CLASS AND CATEGORY OF LIVING BEINGS
IT IS INTERESTING TO KNOW THAT THERE ARE TWO CLAIMENTS FOR THE TITLE OF SMALLEST BACTERIA
AND BOTH ARE RIGHT IN THEIR OWN
WAY - MYCOPLASMA AS A PARASITE AND PELAGIBACTER AS A SELF SUFFICIENT ORGANISM .
BACTERIA ARE THEMSELVES MICROORGANISMS BUT THEY AREOF DIFFERENT SIZES AND MYCOPLASMA ARE SMALLEST PARASITIC BACTERIA;THEY ARE HOWEVER MORE KNOWN OR FEARED DUE TO THEIR PARASITIC NATURE.PARTICULARLY THEIR VARIETIES WHICH CAUSE SERIOUS DISEASES IN HUMANBEINGS.