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Nigeria's current lag in infrastructure stock as a percentage of GDP, which is behind global average by anything between 45 and 50 percentage point, will require some US$3Trillion to fix over the next 18years. In an era of depleting public revenue and increased global competition for sustainable infrastructure finance, Africa's largest economy has no choice but to ramp up its private, domestic potential to fix its infrastructure deficit. What are the remaining policy, legal and institutional challenges to unleashing the domestic infrastructure funding sector?
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The basics of development financing for real estate development and businesses, from how banks make loan decisions to how SBA and other programs work to help create and retain jobs. Presented at the 2016 Ohio Basic Economic Development Course.
Nigeria's current lag in infrastructure stock as a percentage of GDP, which is behind global average by anything between 45 and 50 percentage point, will require some US$3Trillion to fix over the next 18years. In an era of depleting public revenue and increased global competition for sustainable infrastructure finance, Africa's largest economy has no choice but to ramp up its private, domestic potential to fix its infrastructure deficit. What are the remaining policy, legal and institutional challenges to unleashing the domestic infrastructure funding sector?
UCLG Congress 2012 - Linking Cities to FinancingYIPD_Indonesia
This document was prepared by the Yayasan Inovasi Pemerintahan Daerah (YIPD) in cooperation with GFA as part of the Sub-National Implementation of Decentralization as Contribution to Good Governance program (DeCGG-SNI).
Financing Capital Investment Planning (Capital Budget) of Local GovernmentRavikant Joshi
PPT presented in Training of Trainers Workshops on Strengthening The Financial Foundation of Local Government Based on Local Government Financial Management Series of UN-HABITAT during June 4- 15 2007 - Nadi, Fiji
Evaluating Financial Condition of Local GovernmentsRavikant Joshi
PPT presented in Strengthening Training of Trainers Workshops on The Financial Foundation of Local Government Based on Local Government Financial Management Series of UN-HABITAT during June 4- 15 2007 - Nadi, Fiji
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WCCUSD Bond Sale, 2010 Measure D and 2012 Measure ECharley Cowens
WCCUSD Board of Education
Special Meeting Agenda – November 13, 2013
C.1 Bond Sale, 2010 Measure D and 2012 Measure E
Comment:
The Bond Finance Team recently completed the sale of $125 million of General Obligation bonds. The
District sold the first $85 million bond issuance of the 2012 Measure E authorization (Series A) and $40
million bond issuance of the 2010 Measure D (Series B) authorization. The District’s Financial Advisor,
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Lack of safe and affordable housing is a major development challenge – impacting over 330 million households globally. Watch a presentation about how the World Bank Group is working to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular the target of ensuring access for all to adequate, safe, and affordable housing.
Final Project for Financing for Development MOOC, World Bank Course. This digital artifact is designed to explain something important I learned during the course and propose a financing solution. I have focused on how to remittances, which are private funds, can be mobilized to support the sustainable development goals.
As per Gabrielle Rusignuolo the financial market is a broad term explaining any market where buyers and sellers engage in the deal of investments such as stocks, bonds, foreign currencies and types.
Unlocking Investment and Finance in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs): A development strategy for unlocking funding for South Africa's water sector.
WCCUSD Bond Sale, 2010 Measure D and 2012 Measure ECharley Cowens
WCCUSD Board of Education
Special Meeting Agenda – November 13, 2013
C.1 Bond Sale, 2010 Measure D and 2012 Measure E
Comment:
The Bond Finance Team recently completed the sale of $125 million of General Obligation bonds. The
District sold the first $85 million bond issuance of the 2012 Measure E authorization (Series A) and $40
million bond issuance of the 2010 Measure D (Series B) authorization. The District’s Financial Advisor,
Dave Olson of KNN, will provide a report.
Lack of safe and affordable housing is a major development challenge – impacting over 330 million households globally. Watch a presentation about how the World Bank Group is working to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular the target of ensuring access for all to adequate, safe, and affordable housing.
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Agreed Conclusions
1. The Commission on the Status of Women reaffirms the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, the outcome documents of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly and the declarations adopted by the Commission on the occasion of the tenth and fifteenth anniversaries of the Fourth World Conference on Women.
2. The Commission reaffirms that the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Optional Protocols thereto, as well as other relevant conventions and treaties, provide an international legal framework and a comprehensive set of measures for the elimination and prevention of all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls and the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women.
3. The Commission reaffirms that the full and effective implementation of the goals and objectives of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action is an essential contribution to achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration.
4. The Commission also reaffirms the international commitments made at relevant United Nations summits and conferences in the area of gender equality and the empowerment of women, including in the Programme of Action ...
According to the statutes the objective of the Foundation is: °
promoting a healthy living environment for everyone;
promoting the equal development and use of women's potential for the above-mentioned object; -
cooperation between women in social organizations, in the field of the environment, health, sustainable development and poverty reduction, approached from a gender perspective; -
carrying out joint projects and other activities in this field, such as influencing policy; ° creating a network of national and regional organizations or sector organizations that endorse the above object.
In according with the guidelines of the Dutch Central Bureau on Fundraising (CBF) a short overview is provided of the governance structures within the organization including:
1. The distinction between ‘supervisory’ role (adopting or approving plans and critically monitoring the organization and its results) and the ‘managerial’ role or the ‘executive’ role"
2. Optimizing the efficiency and effectiveness of the expenditures.
3. Optimizing the relation with stakeholders
...
Minister Trevor Manuel, the Minister in the Presidency: The National Planning Commission We are in the home stretch, 2015 is just around the corner and this Millennium Development Goals report, the fifth in a series of reports since the adoption of the MDG‟s in 2000, is critical in understanding and knowing whether we are going to achieve all the goals by 2015. It is important to reiterate that South Africa was always a willing signatory to the MDGs because it aligned itself seamlessly with a vision expressed and supported by millions of South Africans when they assembled in Kliptown in 1955, which they called the Freedom Charter which became an important base document to South Africa's supreme law, the Constitution. It is therefore, true to say that the goals were an integral part of the on-going work and challenges taken on by the post- apartheid government. It is also instructive to note that this commitment is the bedrock of Vision 2030 as it is espoused in our National Development Plan: “By 2030, we seek to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality. We seek a country wherein all citizens have the capabilities to grasp the ever-broadening opportunities available. Our plan is to change the life chances of millions of our people, especially the youth; life chances that remain stunted by our apartheid history.” (National Development Plan, p5). But as this report so vividly illustrates, there are still so many challenges in our endeavour to ensure that we achieve the MDG goals. We are confident that we have dealt effectively with the goal to half extreme poverty but we remain deeply concerned that relative inequality remains high, as measured by the Gini coefficient. This is so in part because of the high unemployment rate and the low labour force participation rate in our country.
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Leveraging Opportunity Zones to Support Regional Economic Developmentnado-web
During the 2019 NADO Annual Training Conference (October 19 - 22 in Reno, NV), Scott Dadson shared information creating investable communities and how to take advantage of the Opportunity Zone Program.
Rural Wealth Creation: Supporting Regional Economies During and After a Pandemicnado-web
On May 4, 2020, the WealthWorks rural wealth creation practitioner network held a peer learning webinar on supporting local economies. During the event, Christine Sorensen (U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Development), Doug Lynott (U.S. Economic Development Administration), and Carrie Kissel (National Association of Development Organizations) shared slides about resources available to communities and regions to support their economies. Additional information was shared by presenters who joined by video without slides, including Christian Vasquez-Rivera (Rural Development Initiatives), Brian Carver (Bear River Association of Governments), and Jay Trusty (Southwest Regional Development Commission).
Infrastructure plays a critical role in growth, competitiveness, job creation and poverty alleviation. It’s investment in high-quality, sustainable infrastructure can provide basic services to households; lead to productive gains for industry; provide market access for agriculture; enable sustainable urban development; open corridors of trade for poor and landlocked countries to the global economy; and help progress towards a more climate-smart world. Therefore, Infrastructure is very important to progress the economic development for both emerging and advanced economies.
Prospering from the Energy Revolution: Six in Sixty - Technology and Infrastr...KTN
Hear about one of the key facets of PFER, a £102m programme focussed on the integration of power, heat and transport and the business models needed to enable Smart Local Energy Systems (SLES) to scale towards net zero.
If you’re part of the smart systems community this session on Finance and Investment within the Prospering From the Energy Revolution (PFER) ISCF, part of the Six in Sixty mini-series is a must see. The fast-paced, quick-fire, hour-long webinar with a minimum of six speakers will continue the story of Smart Local Energy Systems (SLES) and PFER, focusing on the Finance and Investment pillar.
Mr Britt Gwinner, International Finance Corporation (IFC). Panel discussion: Donor perspectives on housing finance investment in Africa. Panelists from the Making Finance Work for Africa (MFW4A) Donor Working Group on Housing Finance.
With more than 46 cities in Africa swelling to populations of a million people or more — and 17 of the world's 100 fastest-growing cities located in Africa — there is an acute need to develop housing solutions for so many urban residents. But raising the capital to meet that growing demand for housing remains a significant challenge. In 2013, the African Union for Housing Finance (AUHF) will host a conference under the theme "Raising Capital for Housing Finance.” The Africa-China Urban Initiative will organize a conference panel discussion on "Understanding (and harnessing) Chinese investment interest." Chinese investment in residential development in Africa is increasingly having an impact and demonstrating a track record of opportunity and experience. Panelists invited include Chinese investors setting out their experiences and expectations for the market and an African corporation that has received Chinese financing.
http://urban-africa-china.angonet.org/content/29th-annual-conference-mobilising-capital-housing-finance
Similar to Practical financing challenges of informal sector & financing challenges of informal settlements (20)
African Union for Housing Finance Conference: Affordable Housing Finance
Practical financing challenges of informal sector & financing challenges of informal settlements
1. Practical Challenges of the Informal Sector
&
Financing Challenges of Informal Settlements
Mathew Joseph
AUHF - 2007 AGM & Conference Program, Ghana - September 2007
Mathew Joseph
Senior General Manager
Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited - Indiaconfidential
2. Urban Area’s
Housing Shortage - 16 Million Units
80% of which are EWS/ LIG requirements
Indian Scenario
Housing Requirements are 45 Million Units
(including 7 million back log)
80% of which are EWS/ LIG requirements
Rural Area’s
Housing Shortage - 22 Million Units
confidential
3. Practical Challenges of
the Informal Sector
Practical Challenges of
the Informal Sectorthe Informal Sectorthe Informal Sector
confidential
4. Issues on Local Government Support
Lack of strong local Government to manage
Urban Planning.
Lack of Fiscal strength and Enforcement
Practical Challenges
Lack of Fiscal strength and Enforcement
Credibility of local Governments.
Lack of Fiscal Incentives for the Private
Players.
confidential
5. Lack of appropriate Government policy.
Stamp Duties - currently same for EWS/ LIG/ HIG.
Non-availability of land at affordable/ reasonable
Practical Challenges
Non-availability of land at affordable/ reasonable
cost to EWS/ LIG.
Disaster Resistant Housing to withstand floods,
earth quake’s, etc…
confidential
6. Relocation and Rehabilitation Issues.
Ownership in Urban Slums/ Low Income
settlements is often illegal or quasilegal.
Practical Challenges
settlements is often illegal or quasilegal.
MFI’s targeting Women folks.
confidential
7. Financially & administratively weak village
Administration and its capacity to mobilise
resources to manage Projects.
Government Agencies not playing the role of the
Practical Challenges
Government Agencies not playing the role of the
Facilitator/ Enabler to the desired extent.
Deficient Infrastructure especially drinking water,
health care and primary education.
confidential
8. Factors to be addressed in the Informal Sector
include
Social
Cultural
Production Resources - Quality of Housing
Practical Challenges
Production Resources - Quality of Housing
Institutional
Changes in Social System with the decreasing
reliance on self help - Mutual Sharing.
confidential
9. Dominance of Caste & other social systems.
Migration of the educated & economically well
off.
Practical Challenges
Exodus of Skilled labour to cities & Foreign
Countries.
confidential
10. Settlement plan not in place that optimises use
of land, supportive to incremental growth with
Infrastructure Services being provided.
Practical Challenges
The lack of adequate support for the private
sector in areas of land development,
infrastructure, technology, improved design &
construction.
confidential
11. Limited Access to New Building Materials,
Construction Methods & Technology.
Construction cost and quality requirements.
Practical Challenges
Absence of Land Records/ Imperfect Title Documents.
Issues of Repossession
No Clear Land Titles
Legal Impediments
confidential
13. High Credit Risk perceived for the EWS/LIG/
Informal Sector due to historical factors.
Financing Challenges
High Transaction & Servicing costs due to Low
Density & Access Issues in Rural Areas.
confidential
14. Higher Operating Cost on account of
Low Average size of Loans
Larger Number of Borrowers
Vast Area of Operations
Financing Challenges
Vast Area of Operations
Inability to assess Credit Risks
No Pay Slips.
No Tax Returns.
Uncertain Cash Flows.
confidential
15. Lower Profit Margin to the lender due to
Smaller Transaction sizes.
Fixed Costs of each Transaction.
Financing Challenges in arranging long tenor
Financing Challenges
Financing Challenges in arranging long tenor
loans for the lending agency.
Non Buoyant Rural Economy as measured by the
decline in the share of Agriculture.
confidential
16. The absence of lending skills required by the
intermediary agencies like an NGO.
Different schemes being offered by the NGO
leading to loss of focus.
Financing Challenges
The Intermediaries interest wanes as the years go
by due to the long term nature of the loans.
Schemes are operated with no margin money &
others as a grant.
confidential
17. Regular contact with the intermediary agency not
being maintained by the lending agencies.
Problems in getting the Due Diligence of the
intermediary agency conducted.
Financing Challenges
Lack of Banking Access inspite of having the
worlds largest network in the Banking Sector.
Under developed Housing Credit System &
Institutions.
confidential
18. Indian MFI’s being vary of building up a large
Housing Loan Portfolio.
Targets not being set by larger Banks in Lending
to SHG’s.
Financing Challenges
to SHG’s.
Informal Credit being Expensive & Exploitative.
Availability of grant funds side by side, results
in the beneficiary tending to default on the
commercial loan.
confidential
19. Irregular and/or seasonal Income during the
Loan Tenure (say 7 - 15 years).
Lack of tangible proof for Income Assessment,
Financing Challenges
Lack of tangible proof for Income Assessment,
Savings & Cash Flows.
Lack of Collateral or Intangible Security
Arrangements which may not be enforceable.
confidential
20. Process for Verification of the Beneficiaries.
Absence of Professional Collection Agency.
Issues on Title of the Property.
Financing Challenges
Issues on Title of the Property.
Non-availability of Title Insurance & Mortgage
Insurance.
confidential
21. Registration of Mortgage not in place to prevent
Sale before loan is closed.
Registration in joint names of the spouse normally
ensures repayment.
Financing Challenges
ensures repayment.
Little being done for providing reasonable sized
loans for the LIG segment for their productive
requirements of funds.
confidential
22. Low Income & High Incidence of Poverty affecting
Capital Formation Savings Rate, Purchasing Power
& Disposable Surplus.
Financial Challenges
Interest Subsidy as a Substitute for Tax Benefits.
Non-availability of Title Insurance & Mortgage
Insurance.
confidential
24. Ways to Expand Housing Finance to EWS/LIGs
Relaxing Building Bye-laws
Permitting Higher FSI
Revamping of Land Title Systems
Way Forward
Revamping of Land Title Systems
Creation of Zoning and Land Use that specifically
encourages low income Housing.
Introducing concept of TDR’s.
confidential
25. Fiscal Incentives to the Building Material
manufacturers to encourage Appropriate/
Alternative Materials and Technologies.
Encourage Creating a stock of Innovatively
Way Forward
Managed Rental Housing.
Encouraging Social Housing Like Night Shelters for
EWS/ LIG Segments.
confidential
26. Encouraging Township type of Development in the
outskirts.
Developing the Secondary Mortgage Market.
Developing Suitable Refinance Schemes to Boost
Way Forward
Developing Suitable Refinance Schemes to Boost
the Supply of EWS/ LIG Housing.
Modificaiton of Laws like Land Ceiling, Rent
Controls - Encouraging Public/ Private
Partnership.
confidential
27. Capacity Building Program on Low Cost Housing
for Architects, Engineers, Builders, Etc…
Promoting Mixed Use of Land for cross
Way Forward
Promoting Mixed Use of Land for cross
subsidization of EWS.
Designing houses which are adequate shelter and an
efficient work place at an economic cost.
confidential
28. Challenge is to provide speedy affordable credit to
Low Income Individuals without much
Way Forward
paperwork, without collateral's, at the
borrowers door step in cash.
confidential