This document discusses the design of a task-based syllabus, focusing on selecting, sequencing, and grading communicative tasks. It compares traditional and communicative curriculum models, noting that a communicative approach forces a rethinking of key questions. Important considerations for communicative tasks include needs, authentic materials, and information exchange. Tasks should be systematically linked to real-world needs and incorporate principles of successful communication and second language acquisition. The document proposes a routine model for grading and selecting tasks based on learners' communicative needs and concludes that tasks must approximate real-world tasks required outside the classroom.
This document provides guidelines for fasting during Ramadan, including:
- Fasting is obligatory for all able Muslims from dawn to sunset during Ramadan to attain piety.
- Guidelines are given for sighting the new moon to determine the start of Ramadan, making intentions to fast, pre-dawn and breaking fast meals, and what is allowed and forbidden during fasting.
- Exceptions to fasting are provided for those who are sick, elderly, traveling, pregnant, or breastfeeding, with requirements to make up missed fasts later or pay a compensation.
This document discusses the design of a task-based syllabus, focusing on selecting, sequencing, and grading communicative tasks. It compares traditional and communicative curriculum models, noting that a communicative approach forces a rethinking of key questions. Important considerations for communicative tasks include needs, authentic materials, and information exchange. Tasks should be systematically linked to real-world needs and incorporate principles of successful communication and second language acquisition. The document proposes a routine model for grading and selecting tasks based on learners' communicative needs and concludes that tasks must approximate real-world tasks required outside the classroom.
This document provides guidelines for fasting during Ramadan, including:
- Fasting is obligatory for all able Muslims from dawn to sunset during Ramadan to attain piety.
- Guidelines are given for sighting the new moon to determine the start of Ramadan, making intentions to fast, pre-dawn and breaking fast meals, and what is allowed and forbidden during fasting.
- Exceptions to fasting are provided for those who are sick, elderly, traveling, pregnant, or breastfeeding, with requirements to make up missed fasts later or pay a compensation.
The document is a Ramadan daily checklist that lists 30 daily tasks to help observe the holy month of Ramadan properly, including acts like eating dates for suhoor and iftar, performing prayers, reading Quran, giving charity, helping others, and avoiding idle talk or complaints. It is meant to guide Muslims in fulfilling their religious duties and spiritual practices each day of Ramadan.