PostgreSQL version 9.0 was released in 2010 with several new features and performance improvements over previous versions. Key changes included improved replication support through streaming replication and hot standby, the addition of exclusion constraints to prevent overlapping data, and making VACUUM FULL faster and less disruptive. Version 9.0 also improved performance on multi-CPU servers through better scaling on SMP architectures.

1. PostgreSQL
9.0
NTT
2010-06-19
JPUG 2010 1

2. : PostgreSQL 9.0
:
: PostgreSQL
PGCon 2010
JPUG 2010 2

3. PostgreSQL 9.0
9.0 5
9.0.0
2 / 3
Ingress
Ingress PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL 8.1
1977
6.0
6.0
7.4
7.4
••
•2
8.3 9.0 (2010/8 )
•2
1986
1996
2000 ••
•HOT:
•HOT: •
•
2003 •VACUUM
•VACUUM
2004
•
•
•
•
POSTGRES
POSTGRES 2005
•
• //
2006
7.3
7.3 •
•
2007
2008
2009
8.0 2010
•Windows 8.2
•Windows
•• •CPU
•CPU
•• (PITR)
(PITR) •
• 8.
•• •GIN:
•GIN: Window
Window
•VACUUM
•VACUUM
• DBMS
• DBMS
JPUG 2010 3

4. PostgreSQL 9.0
1.
2. ( )
3. VACUUM FULL
1 2 3
/
LISTEN/NOTIFY /
Windows 64-bit
( URL )
http://developer.postgresql.org/pgdocs/postgres/release-9-0.html
http://lets.postgresql.jp/documents/technical/9.0/
JPUG 2010 4

5. 1.
9.0 2
•
=
= •
( )
VACUUM
/
PostgreSQL
JPUG 2010 5

6. vs.
READ WRITE READ WRITE
( v8.4)
8.4
WAL
archive_command WAL pg_standby
( 1 )
READ WRITE READ WRITE
9.0 (v9.0)
WAL
( )
wal sender WAL wal receiver
9.0
9.0
JPUG 2010 6

7. vs.
Slony-I pgpool-II
9.0 2.0 2.3
DB ( ) DB
SQL PK , DDL ※
☆ 10 10 3
( )
○
○
○
JPUG 2010 7
☆ ※PK= , DDL=

8. 2.
(UNIQUE)
“ ” “ ”
(EXCLUDE)
“ ” “ ”
GPS
JPUG 2010 8

9. CREATE TABLE placement (
&& “ ”
object text,
location box, --
EXCLUDE USING gist (location WITH &&)
);
CREATE TABLE reservation (
room text,
during period, -- { , }
EXCLUDE USING gist (room WITH =, during WITH &&)
);
gist
text gist contrib/btree_gist
period ( 9.1 )
JPUG 2010 9

10. 3. VACUUM FULL
VACUUM FULL
8.4 “ ”
9.0 “ ”
VACUUM FULL
VACUUM FULL UP
UP
VACUUM ( )
FULL
FULL
+TRUNCATE
JPUG 2010 10

11. PostgreSQL
VACUUM
VACUUM 8.4 ,
FULL 9.0 ,
CLUSTER + ,
REINDEX - ,
VACUUM
VACUUM FULL (8.4)
REINDEX
VACUUM FULL (9.0) CLUSTER REINDEX
REINDEX
JPUG 2010 11

12. JPUG 2010 12

13. 8.1 8.3
CPU
?
16CPU
8.3
8CPU 8.2
8.1
2CPU
8.0
JPUG 2010 13

14. - CPU
バ 5
ー 8.0
ジ 8.2
ョ 8.1 8CPU
ン 4 8 16core
ご CPU
と 8.2
の
、
Ｃ
3
Ｐ
Ｕ
１
個 2 8.1
に 4CPU
対
す
る 1 8.0
相 2CPU
対
性
能 0
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32core
Scaling PostgreSQL on SMP Architectures Doug Tolbert (Unisys), PGCon 2007, Ottawa, 2007-05-24
http://www.pgcon.org/2007/schedule/events/16.en.html
JPUG 2010 14

15. 8.3
HOT 2
8.3
8.3
HOT
8.2
FILLFACTOR
JPUG 2010 15

16. – HOT (Heap-Only Tuples)
HOT Fill Factor
Fill Factor TPS
TPS
pgbench 280
40% 260
240
220 40%UP!
VACUUM 200
VACUUM
180
Fill Factor 160
HOT
140
100%( ) 120 HOT
90~95% 100
ALTER TABLE tablename 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
SET (fillfactor=95); Fill Factor (%)
pgbench -s400 (5GB)
NTT OSS Center
JPUG 2010 16

17. -
Checkpoint
Throughput [TPM]
8.2
Checkpoint Next Checkpoint
8.3
Time [sec]
JPUG 2010 17

18. SQL /
9.0
8.4
8.3 O/R ※
8.2 IN, EXISTS
8.1
Window
Bitmap Scan
min/max ORDER BY LIMIT
“ ” Seq Scan
JPUG 2010 ※ ORM SQL JOIN 18

19. VACUUM
VACUUM
8.2 8.3
9.0
8.4
autovacuum 8.3
VACUUM
FULL
8.2
VACUUM
8.1
8.0 HOT
7.4 XID
autovacuum
REINDEX
VACUUM XID
JPUG 2010 19

20. PostgreSQL is NoSQL!
Not Only SQL : SQL( )
( / )
XML
9.1
(GIN) 9.0
8.4 SQL/MED
(GiST) 8.3 JSON
8.2
6.0 FDW
SQL
JPUG 2010 20

21. VACUUM
: 8.3
JPUG 2010 21

22. PostgreSQL
JPUG 2010 22

23. PGCon 2010
2010 5 20 21 @
150 ( )
35
9.0
9.1
JPUG 2010 23

24. PGCon2010
:
Caixa Economica Federal ( )
22,000 ATM, 7 /
Enova Financial ( )
OLTP 1.3TB, 4000 / , 24
MySQL PostgreSQL
+
9.0
PgMQ :
Eventually Consistent
Postgres-XC
ACID
JPUG 2010 24

25. : 9.0 9.1
PostgreSQL 9.0
α
( : )
??
PostgreSQL 9.1
( , )
MERGE : UPDATE, INSERT
REPLACE, UPSERT SQL “MERGE”
Predicate Lock
SE-PgSQL : ,
SQL/MED : , DB
, JSON
PGCon 2010 http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/PgCon_2010_Developer_Meeting
JPUG 2010 25

26. : PostgreSQL
“ ”
1
RDBMS ,
DBMS MySQL
SQL
JPUG 2010 26

27. PostgreSQL “9.0”
“ ”
PostgreSQL 9.0 9.1
“ ”
JPUG 2010 27