New Zealand has a highly developed free market economy and scores highly on measures of political stability. However, its large current account deficit leaves it vulnerable to changes in global capital flows and investor sentiment. While monetary and fiscal policy settings allow room to respond to economic downturns, slowing international growth as a result of the global financial crisis poses significant risks to the small, open economy of New Zealand.
GP has been the market leader in Bangladesh's telecom sector since 1997 due to its strong network coverage enabled by fiber optic cables and rural distribution through Grameen Bank. It introduced 3G and offers value-added services beyond basic calling. With over 46 million customers, GP has the largest market share of around 43% despite having the highest call rates, maintaining its lead through superior network quality and innovation.
Lithia Motors is one of the largest automotive retailers in the US, with 139 stores across 15 states. The company has seen steady revenue and EPS growth in recent years through acquisitions of other dealerships and organic growth. A valuation analysis using the perpetuity growth method implies Lithia's share price could increase over 50% in the next year, leading analysts to recommend the stock as a buy.
The document discusses the acquisition of Corus by Tata Steel. It provides background on both companies and outlines the timeline of events and negotiations during the acquisition process. The merger was beneficial for Tata Steel as it provided access to Corus' downstream processing facilities, improved competitiveness of European operations, and positioned the combined company as the fifth largest steel producer globally. However, high acquisition costs and debt levels posed risks, and analysts debated which company ultimately benefited more from the deal.
A complete cannabis business plan package is everything you need to create a 100% legally compliant professional business plan for cannabis retail business with expert financials and projections.
https://cannabusinessplans.com/product/cannabis-dispensary-business-plan-template-profit/
Toyota production-system-bussiness-case-studies-plan-19345nemururati
Toyota Australia aims to provide a comprehensive domestic supplier base through implementing a supplier website. The website would allow potential suppliers to access information on becoming part of Toyota Australia's supply network more easily. It would also help Toyota Australia better communicate with suppliers and gain insight into potential new domestic partners. This supports the goal of developing local sourcing to strengthen the supply chain.
ACC cement is one of the largest cement manufacturers in India with a history dating back to 1936. It has a strong brand and distribution network but faces competition from other major players. While its manufacturing strength and CSR activities are positives, ACC could improve its advertising and consider exporting to increase revenues given the growing infrastructure needs in India provide opportunities for sector growth.
GP has been the market leader in Bangladesh's telecom sector since 1997 due to its strong network coverage enabled by fiber optic cables and rural distribution through Grameen Bank. It introduced 3G and offers value-added services beyond basic calling. With over 46 million customers, GP has the largest market share of around 43% despite having the highest call rates, maintaining its lead through superior network quality and innovation.
Lithia Motors is one of the largest automotive retailers in the US, with 139 stores across 15 states. The company has seen steady revenue and EPS growth in recent years through acquisitions of other dealerships and organic growth. A valuation analysis using the perpetuity growth method implies Lithia's share price could increase over 50% in the next year, leading analysts to recommend the stock as a buy.
The document discusses the acquisition of Corus by Tata Steel. It provides background on both companies and outlines the timeline of events and negotiations during the acquisition process. The merger was beneficial for Tata Steel as it provided access to Corus' downstream processing facilities, improved competitiveness of European operations, and positioned the combined company as the fifth largest steel producer globally. However, high acquisition costs and debt levels posed risks, and analysts debated which company ultimately benefited more from the deal.
A complete cannabis business plan package is everything you need to create a 100% legally compliant professional business plan for cannabis retail business with expert financials and projections.
https://cannabusinessplans.com/product/cannabis-dispensary-business-plan-template-profit/
Toyota production-system-bussiness-case-studies-plan-19345nemururati
Toyota Australia aims to provide a comprehensive domestic supplier base through implementing a supplier website. The website would allow potential suppliers to access information on becoming part of Toyota Australia's supply network more easily. It would also help Toyota Australia better communicate with suppliers and gain insight into potential new domestic partners. This supports the goal of developing local sourcing to strengthen the supply chain.
ACC cement is one of the largest cement manufacturers in India with a history dating back to 1936. It has a strong brand and distribution network but faces competition from other major players. While its manufacturing strength and CSR activities are positives, ACC could improve its advertising and consider exporting to increase revenues given the growing infrastructure needs in India provide opportunities for sector growth.
The document discusses the Essential Commodities Act of 1957 in Bangladesh. It defines key terms like "essential commodity" and outlines the government's powers to control production, supply, distribution and prices of essential commodities. These powers include issuing orders to regulate or prohibit certain activities and requiring licenses. Contravention of government orders can result in imprisonment, fines and property forfeiture. The document provides details on offenses, penalties, presumption of orders and protection of actions taken under the Act.
Can Vietnamese Vinfast rise to the stars? Learnings from Proton’s failure in ...Jonathan Zimmermann
The document analyzes the automotive industry in Malaysia and Vietnam as a driver of economic development. It discusses how government support helped the Malaysian national car company Proton initially but it has since lost significant market share. Proton's failure is attributed to an ineffective government support structure, lack of competitive edge due to limited learning from partnerships and an increasingly competitive industry. Meanwhile, Vietnam's VinFast has differentiating factors like private ownership and a leapfrogging strategy, but its success will still depend on government actions and macroeconomic conditions. Overall, VinFast has potential to learn from Proton's mistakes and contribute to Vietnam's development.
The prosperity that Australia enjoys today will be challenged in the next decade. Disruptive technology will create fewer but bigger winners and more losers. Business has to increase its risk appetite, discover new ideas, pursue more radical strategies, and take bigger steps. In the face of adversity, Australia must respond.
The document provides a marketing plan for cold bitumen in India. It begins with a situational analysis that includes an overview of the global bitumen business, a SWOT analysis of the bitumen market in India, a PESTEL analysis, and a Porter's 5 forces analysis. It then outlines the marketing strategy, including segmentation, demand analysis, the marketing mix (4Ps), and strategies for various elements. The plan also covers sales strategy, marketing budget, assumptions, and a bibliography. The key points are that bitumen demand is driven by infrastructure development in India and China, while threats include monopolies of national oil companies in some markets.
Management in cement industry in pakistanPari Doll
Cement is made from limestone, clay, silica sand, and iron ore. These raw materials are transported to cement plants and heated in a kiln to produce clinker, which is then ground into cement powder. Cement production requires high temperatures from fossil fuel combustion in the kiln and can release mercury from the raw materials and fuels into the atmosphere as emissions.
An introduction to our Patient Solution that enables Healthcare and Life Sciences organizations to provide insight-driven services and patient analytics.
This document provides an analysis of Richard Branson's leadership style through examining his traits, behaviors, and application of various leadership theories. It discusses that Branson displays charismatic traits like self-confidence and communicates vision well. Trait theory and behavioral theories like path-goal and situational leadership apply to Branson's adaptive leadership. He focuses on developing people and creativity. Branson's leadership qualities include visionary thinking, servant leadership, and empowering employees. The document concludes he has strengthened Virgin Group's performance through these leadership approaches.
The Maori are the indigenous people of New Zealand, making up around 15% of the country's population today. They arrived in New Zealand from eastern Polynesia around 1200 AD. Before European settlement, the Maori lived throughout New Zealand. In the late 18th century, British colonists began arriving and conflicts arose between the Maori and European settlers in the 1800s. While some Maori lands were confiscated, the population has since rebounded and Maori culture remains an important part of New Zealand's national identity.
Globalization and tourism have significant economic impacts both positive and negative. Tourism generates substantial foreign exchange earnings and tax revenues for many countries. However, it also results in leakage of money spent outside the local economy through imports and profits leaving the country. Many places become overly dependent on tourism, and seasonal jobs in the industry lack stability. Both developing and developed countries experience economic benefits and drawbacks from international tourism.
New Zealand's national bird is the kiwi. Kiwis are flightless birds found only in New Zealand. They have thick brown or grey feathers, short powerful legs, a long bill used for finding food, and keen senses of smell and hearing. Despite their inability to fly, kiwis can run at speeds up to 30 kph. Kiwis play an important role in New Zealand's identity and ecosystem. There are five surviving species of kiwi that are threatened by habitat loss and predators. Conservation efforts aim to protect and increase kiwi populations.
Tourism has important social and economic impacts. Socially, it fosters interactions between tourists and local populations, allowing for an exchange of social and cultural experiences. Economically, tourism is a major export industry for many developing countries. It generates foreign exchange earnings without exporting goods, provides stable income, and increases employment opportunities both directly within the tourism industry and indirectly through its wider economic effects. Governments also benefit from substantial tax revenues generated by tourism-related economic activities.
The early European history of the Canadian economy is usually studied through the staples thesis which argues the Canadian economy developed through the exploitation of a series of staples that would be exported to Europe. Capitalism evolved from the economic activity of colonial business elite and the economy improved dramatically after 1896 until 1914 when Canada had the world's fastest growing economy. Canada was hard hit by the Great Depression when the American economy collapsed and spread across the border due to close economic links.
The Australian government and Reserve Bank of Australia successfully mitigated the impacts of the global financial crisis through various monetary and fiscal policies. The government injected $47 billion to boost the economy and allocated funds to housing, education, and small businesses. It also guaranteed bank deposits to increase consumer spending. Meanwhile, the RBA lowered interest rates and intervened in foreign exchange markets to stabilize currency fluctuations. As a result, Australia experienced continued economic growth compared to other advanced economies during this period.
The document examines the impact of monetary policy reforms in New Zealand from 1977-2012 by analyzing effects on GDP and its components. GDP grew steadily after reforms, reaching $1.7 trillion in 2012. Reforms aimed to control inflation through the Official Cash Rate set by the Reserve Bank. Lower rates during the 2008 crisis boosted the economy. Monetary policy targeted 1-3% inflation on average. Consumer spending, investment, and government spending impacted GDP as monetary policy was reformed.
Economic, social and financial analysis of these countries.
this includes GDP FDI inflation interest rate public debt.
this is the key idea to inter in the foreign market. I'll upload the second presentation about entering a new market with new product. Opportunities and threats in that market etc.
Brunei Darussalam is a small Southeast Asian country located on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. It has a population of around 400,000 people and its economy is heavily dependent on oil and natural gas production and exports, which account for over 90% of exports and around 66% of GDP. The country has a highly developed economy and ranks very highly in terms of GDP per capita, which is among the highest in Asia. Brunei has a constitutional monarchy system of government and is currently ruled by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, who has been the head of state since 1967.
After reading about the history of welfare in the USA, describe in y.pdfarihantmobilepoint15
After reading about the history of welfare in the USA, describe in your own words how our
current welfare system came to be. What are your thoughts about Sweden\'s welfare system?
How would creating a similar system in the USA impact the field of human services? Why does
the USA not have a welfare system similar to Sweden?
Solution
The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per
capita GDP of $49,800. In this market-oriented economy, private individuals and business firms
make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and
services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility
than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay
off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, they face higher barriers to
enter their rivals\' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. US firms are at or
near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers and in medical, aerospace,
and military equipment; their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. The onrush
of technology largely explains the gradual development of a \"two-tier labor market\" in which
those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top
and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other
benefits. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of
households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other
category of after-tax income. Imported oil accounts for nearly 55% of US consumption. Crude
oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices
ate into consumers\' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil
prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled
in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in
the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at
$840 billion in 2008. The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank
failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the United States into a recession
by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, making this the deepest and longest
downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, in October 2008 the
US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). The
government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial
corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January
2009 the US Congress passed and President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an
additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 ye.
The document provides an overview of the Australian economy, including its strong performance over the past decade driven by demand for commodities and ties with China. It notes that Australia has a stable, prosperous and competitive economy that has attracted global business, though it will need to adapt to challenges around demographic shifts, climate change and global economic changes.
The NSW Government is committed to maintaining a strong
economy, improving the quality of life for the people of NSW
and protecting the environment.
That’s why the NSW Government’s objective is to achieve net zero
emissions by 2050 by creating new jobs, cutting household costs and
attracting investment.
This Net Zero Plan Stage 1: 2020–2030 (Plan) sets out how the NSW
Government will deliver on these objectives over the next decade.
The Plan is focused on the next decade because rapid changes in
technology make identifying the lowest cost path to net zero difficult.
Plans for the second and third decades of the net zero path will be
developed in the lead-up to the 2030s and 2040s respectively.
The purpose of the Plan is to give NSW families and communities
confidence that the challenges posed by climate change can be
solved by improving – not eroding – their prosperity. It will also
send a clear message to local and international investors that New
South Wales is open for business when it comes to delivering on our
economic, social and environmental ambitions.
The Plan is financially supported by a Bilateral Memorandum of
Understanding on Energy and Emissions Reduction Policy between
the Commonwealth and NSW Governments (Bilateral).
The Plan is set out in four parts:
1. A global challenge with local opportunities – the trends and
opportunities arising from global climate change action
2. Progress and projections – progress within New South Wales
to date to reduce emissions and future projections
3. The net zero priorities – the NSW Government’s net zero
priorities
4. Keeping track – the Government’s approach to keeping track
of its progress.
A study of business environment of Australia and recommendation.Gagan Gouda
The document summarizes key aspects of the Australian economy including:
1. Its dominant service sector accounting for 68% of GDP and mining sector accounting for 10% of GDP.
2. Australia has a GDP of US$1.525 trillion and avoids recessions through stimulus measures.
3. Important trends include an aging population, strong ties with Asia, and opportunities in technology and education.
The document discusses the Essential Commodities Act of 1957 in Bangladesh. It defines key terms like "essential commodity" and outlines the government's powers to control production, supply, distribution and prices of essential commodities. These powers include issuing orders to regulate or prohibit certain activities and requiring licenses. Contravention of government orders can result in imprisonment, fines and property forfeiture. The document provides details on offenses, penalties, presumption of orders and protection of actions taken under the Act.
Can Vietnamese Vinfast rise to the stars? Learnings from Proton’s failure in ...Jonathan Zimmermann
The document analyzes the automotive industry in Malaysia and Vietnam as a driver of economic development. It discusses how government support helped the Malaysian national car company Proton initially but it has since lost significant market share. Proton's failure is attributed to an ineffective government support structure, lack of competitive edge due to limited learning from partnerships and an increasingly competitive industry. Meanwhile, Vietnam's VinFast has differentiating factors like private ownership and a leapfrogging strategy, but its success will still depend on government actions and macroeconomic conditions. Overall, VinFast has potential to learn from Proton's mistakes and contribute to Vietnam's development.
The prosperity that Australia enjoys today will be challenged in the next decade. Disruptive technology will create fewer but bigger winners and more losers. Business has to increase its risk appetite, discover new ideas, pursue more radical strategies, and take bigger steps. In the face of adversity, Australia must respond.
The document provides a marketing plan for cold bitumen in India. It begins with a situational analysis that includes an overview of the global bitumen business, a SWOT analysis of the bitumen market in India, a PESTEL analysis, and a Porter's 5 forces analysis. It then outlines the marketing strategy, including segmentation, demand analysis, the marketing mix (4Ps), and strategies for various elements. The plan also covers sales strategy, marketing budget, assumptions, and a bibliography. The key points are that bitumen demand is driven by infrastructure development in India and China, while threats include monopolies of national oil companies in some markets.
Management in cement industry in pakistanPari Doll
Cement is made from limestone, clay, silica sand, and iron ore. These raw materials are transported to cement plants and heated in a kiln to produce clinker, which is then ground into cement powder. Cement production requires high temperatures from fossil fuel combustion in the kiln and can release mercury from the raw materials and fuels into the atmosphere as emissions.
An introduction to our Patient Solution that enables Healthcare and Life Sciences organizations to provide insight-driven services and patient analytics.
This document provides an analysis of Richard Branson's leadership style through examining his traits, behaviors, and application of various leadership theories. It discusses that Branson displays charismatic traits like self-confidence and communicates vision well. Trait theory and behavioral theories like path-goal and situational leadership apply to Branson's adaptive leadership. He focuses on developing people and creativity. Branson's leadership qualities include visionary thinking, servant leadership, and empowering employees. The document concludes he has strengthened Virgin Group's performance through these leadership approaches.
The Maori are the indigenous people of New Zealand, making up around 15% of the country's population today. They arrived in New Zealand from eastern Polynesia around 1200 AD. Before European settlement, the Maori lived throughout New Zealand. In the late 18th century, British colonists began arriving and conflicts arose between the Maori and European settlers in the 1800s. While some Maori lands were confiscated, the population has since rebounded and Maori culture remains an important part of New Zealand's national identity.
Globalization and tourism have significant economic impacts both positive and negative. Tourism generates substantial foreign exchange earnings and tax revenues for many countries. However, it also results in leakage of money spent outside the local economy through imports and profits leaving the country. Many places become overly dependent on tourism, and seasonal jobs in the industry lack stability. Both developing and developed countries experience economic benefits and drawbacks from international tourism.
New Zealand's national bird is the kiwi. Kiwis are flightless birds found only in New Zealand. They have thick brown or grey feathers, short powerful legs, a long bill used for finding food, and keen senses of smell and hearing. Despite their inability to fly, kiwis can run at speeds up to 30 kph. Kiwis play an important role in New Zealand's identity and ecosystem. There are five surviving species of kiwi that are threatened by habitat loss and predators. Conservation efforts aim to protect and increase kiwi populations.
Tourism has important social and economic impacts. Socially, it fosters interactions between tourists and local populations, allowing for an exchange of social and cultural experiences. Economically, tourism is a major export industry for many developing countries. It generates foreign exchange earnings without exporting goods, provides stable income, and increases employment opportunities both directly within the tourism industry and indirectly through its wider economic effects. Governments also benefit from substantial tax revenues generated by tourism-related economic activities.
The early European history of the Canadian economy is usually studied through the staples thesis which argues the Canadian economy developed through the exploitation of a series of staples that would be exported to Europe. Capitalism evolved from the economic activity of colonial business elite and the economy improved dramatically after 1896 until 1914 when Canada had the world's fastest growing economy. Canada was hard hit by the Great Depression when the American economy collapsed and spread across the border due to close economic links.
The Australian government and Reserve Bank of Australia successfully mitigated the impacts of the global financial crisis through various monetary and fiscal policies. The government injected $47 billion to boost the economy and allocated funds to housing, education, and small businesses. It also guaranteed bank deposits to increase consumer spending. Meanwhile, the RBA lowered interest rates and intervened in foreign exchange markets to stabilize currency fluctuations. As a result, Australia experienced continued economic growth compared to other advanced economies during this period.
The document examines the impact of monetary policy reforms in New Zealand from 1977-2012 by analyzing effects on GDP and its components. GDP grew steadily after reforms, reaching $1.7 trillion in 2012. Reforms aimed to control inflation through the Official Cash Rate set by the Reserve Bank. Lower rates during the 2008 crisis boosted the economy. Monetary policy targeted 1-3% inflation on average. Consumer spending, investment, and government spending impacted GDP as monetary policy was reformed.
Economic, social and financial analysis of these countries.
this includes GDP FDI inflation interest rate public debt.
this is the key idea to inter in the foreign market. I'll upload the second presentation about entering a new market with new product. Opportunities and threats in that market etc.
Brunei Darussalam is a small Southeast Asian country located on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. It has a population of around 400,000 people and its economy is heavily dependent on oil and natural gas production and exports, which account for over 90% of exports and around 66% of GDP. The country has a highly developed economy and ranks very highly in terms of GDP per capita, which is among the highest in Asia. Brunei has a constitutional monarchy system of government and is currently ruled by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, who has been the head of state since 1967.
After reading about the history of welfare in the USA, describe in y.pdfarihantmobilepoint15
After reading about the history of welfare in the USA, describe in your own words how our
current welfare system came to be. What are your thoughts about Sweden\'s welfare system?
How would creating a similar system in the USA impact the field of human services? Why does
the USA not have a welfare system similar to Sweden?
Solution
The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per
capita GDP of $49,800. In this market-oriented economy, private individuals and business firms
make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and
services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility
than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay
off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, they face higher barriers to
enter their rivals\' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. US firms are at or
near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers and in medical, aerospace,
and military equipment; their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. The onrush
of technology largely explains the gradual development of a \"two-tier labor market\" in which
those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top
and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other
benefits. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of
households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other
category of after-tax income. Imported oil accounts for nearly 55% of US consumption. Crude
oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices
ate into consumers\' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil
prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled
in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in
the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at
$840 billion in 2008. The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank
failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the United States into a recession
by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, making this the deepest and longest
downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, in October 2008 the
US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). The
government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial
corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January
2009 the US Congress passed and President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an
additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 ye.
The document provides an overview of the Australian economy, including its strong performance over the past decade driven by demand for commodities and ties with China. It notes that Australia has a stable, prosperous and competitive economy that has attracted global business, though it will need to adapt to challenges around demographic shifts, climate change and global economic changes.
The NSW Government is committed to maintaining a strong
economy, improving the quality of life for the people of NSW
and protecting the environment.
That’s why the NSW Government’s objective is to achieve net zero
emissions by 2050 by creating new jobs, cutting household costs and
attracting investment.
This Net Zero Plan Stage 1: 2020–2030 (Plan) sets out how the NSW
Government will deliver on these objectives over the next decade.
The Plan is focused on the next decade because rapid changes in
technology make identifying the lowest cost path to net zero difficult.
Plans for the second and third decades of the net zero path will be
developed in the lead-up to the 2030s and 2040s respectively.
The purpose of the Plan is to give NSW families and communities
confidence that the challenges posed by climate change can be
solved by improving – not eroding – their prosperity. It will also
send a clear message to local and international investors that New
South Wales is open for business when it comes to delivering on our
economic, social and environmental ambitions.
The Plan is financially supported by a Bilateral Memorandum of
Understanding on Energy and Emissions Reduction Policy between
the Commonwealth and NSW Governments (Bilateral).
The Plan is set out in four parts:
1. A global challenge with local opportunities – the trends and
opportunities arising from global climate change action
2. Progress and projections – progress within New South Wales
to date to reduce emissions and future projections
3. The net zero priorities – the NSW Government’s net zero
priorities
4. Keeping track – the Government’s approach to keeping track
of its progress.
A study of business environment of Australia and recommendation.Gagan Gouda
The document summarizes key aspects of the Australian economy including:
1. Its dominant service sector accounting for 68% of GDP and mining sector accounting for 10% of GDP.
2. Australia has a GDP of US$1.525 trillion and avoids recessions through stimulus measures.
3. Important trends include an aging population, strong ties with Asia, and opportunities in technology and education.
The Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago has begun preparations to negotiate a Partial Scope Agreement with Guatemala to increase trade and market access with Central and South America. This agreement would be Trinidad and Tobago's second partial scope trade deal of the year, following recently concluded discussions with Panama. The goal is to fulfill campaign promises to pursue a more aggressive trade strategy in the region.
The presentation slides provide a superficial glimpse of the economics of Vietnam.
Please do conduct your own study too. This can only be used a reference and not all the information maybe correct
Brazil has the largest economy in Latin America and is a member of the BRIC group of emerging economies. While Brazil experienced slow growth in the late 20th century, its economy has improved in the 21st century, growing at an average of 6% annually. Brazil has reduced foreign debt and shifted to local currency debt, making its economy less vulnerable to financial crises. However, Brazil still faces challenges from a volatile currency and reducing inequality.
Australian economic briefing by david rumbens (1)Sebastian Cohen
The document provides an economic briefing and discussion of the recently released Australian Tax Discussion Paper. It summarizes that the paper outlines the tradeoff between efficiency, equity and simplicity in any tax system. It notes that income taxes account for a large share of Australian tax revenue compared to other countries. The briefing discusses how shifting some of the tax burden from direct to indirect taxes could provide an efficiency benefit to the economy.
The document discusses manufacturing in Argentina, including its economic and political history with the United States. Argentina has a large trade relationship with the US, but relations have been strained in recent years due to Argentina's debt defaults and seizure of Repsol's YPF oil company. While Argentina implemented economic reforms in the 1990s that led to growth, it has since enacted measures that have undermined sustainability and inflation has risen under import restrictions and currency controls.
International business group project editing phaseJojo Umubyeyi
This document provides an overview of the economies of Ireland and Iceland before and during the 2008 global financial crisis. It describes how both countries experienced strong economic growth and low unemployment before 2008 due to factors like Iceland's fishing and energy industries and Ireland's low corporate tax rates. However, the crisis severely impacted both nations. Ireland was affected by the collapse of its construction sector, while Iceland's banking system expanded rapidly and took on excessive debt. The crisis had ripple effects globally and led to economic recessions in many countries due to issues like falling housing prices and tightening credit.
New Zealand has a population of over 4 million people with Wellington as its capital city. It uses the New Zealand dollar and is predominantly Christian. New Zealand has a democratic government where citizens aged 18 and over can vote, though voting is not compulsory. The country provides many transportation options for travel by road, sea, and air. Telecom New Zealand owns most of the telecommunications infrastructure and is the main internet service provider. New Zealand has a market-based economy dependent on international trade, especially with Australia, the EU, US, China, and Japan in agriculture, tourism and other primary industries. Recent figures show a rise in unemployment to 5.0% and a drop in employment, affecting Pacific Islanders most severely.
Cambodia's outlook brief for 2013 possibilities and policy priorities for s...Solina Yean
The document summarizes Cambodia's economic outlook for 2013. It finds that while Cambodia has experienced strong economic growth in recent years, reaching an estimated 7.7% GDP growth in 2012, this growth has not been inclusive and has lagged in improving social indicators like education and healthcare. To sustain growth and avoid the "middle income trap", the document recommends that Cambodia focus on increasing skills training to diversify the economy, strengthening the financial sector to support SMEs, and leveraging opportunities from regional economic integration under ASEAN.
This document provides an economic comparison of Pakistan and China and discusses the growing economic relationship between the two countries. Some key points:
- Pakistan has experienced slow growth and underdevelopment due to political instability and low foreign investment, while China has seen rapid economic growth since economic reforms began in the late 1970s.
- Trade between Pakistan and China has increased significantly in recent decades and a free trade agreement was signed in 2006. China is now Pakistan's second largest trade partner.
- A Pak-China Economic Corridor is being constructed to connect the two countries and facilitate trade. It is expected to increase bilateral trade volume to $15 billion by 2015.
- The relationship provides opportunities for Pakistan but also challenges
EY Citizen Today - December 2009 - Arnauld Bertrand examines how French policy-makers are driving forward plans for a sweeping modernization of the state
Manufacturing and exporting natural resources were Australia’s major industries in from 1913 till after WWII. The Australian economy has boomed and had downturns in the past. Currently the economy is only growing at 3.7% per year, inflation has risen to 4.3% and home loans are at the highest in 22 years. In the future fuel prices may increase, economic growth may decrease and climate changes likely create major economic problems.
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
1. Political Risk Analysis of New Zealand
General
New Zealand’s open economy is known for being one of the world’s most free market capitalist
economiesi. The country has a relatively high standard of living with GDP per capita of US$30,234 in
2008, comparable to Southern Europe, e.g. Spain US$33,385, but lower than the United States at
US$46,820ii. iiiNew Zealand's labour force is projected to grow from an estimated 2.24 million at 30 June
2006 to 2.65 million in 2031 and 2.79 million in 2061. The labour force is ageing and half of the labour
force will be older than 42 years in 2011, compared with a median age of 40 years in 2006 and 36 years
in 1991.ivA large number of the New Zealanders follow Christianity as their religion. The predominant
sub sects among Christianity are Anglican (14.9%), Roman Catholic (12.4%), Presbyterian (10.9%) and
Methodist (2.9%) Christians. The churches support all religions right to free expression and condemn
religions intolerance.
Political stability
New Zealand has ranked fifth in the world for political stability in the IMD World Competitiveness
Yearbook 2008. vNational party after being in power for nine years lost in Nov 1999. The labour party
has since then been the ruling party with Helen Clerk as prime minister. The labour party is currently in
power with support from progressive party, New Zealand’s(NZ’s) first and United front. In New Zealand
elections are held every three years so the government has to at time make some compromises with
economic growth in order to pursue its political motives.
The next elections are due in November 2008 and it seems that people have decided for a change but
the National party is getting support on the condition that it will not change the policies of labour party.
vi
Despite the recent monetary policy easing the ruling Labour Party is being battered by the dismal
economic climate. In order to form government after the elections the National Party or the Labour
party may have to obtain support from minor parties.
International relations
vii
Historically New Zealand's has developed close ties with Australia and the South Pacific Region. The
quot;Closer Economic Relationsquot; Agreement (CER) with Australia extends free bilateral trade to all goods and
most services and also free movement of labour.
New Zealand has a key leadership role within the South Pacific Forum and is also a member of the South
Pacific regional Trade and Economic Agreement (SPARTECA). It is a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC) and also of the Cairns group of quot;Fair Trading Agricultural Exportersquot;. Bilateral Free
Trade Agreements (FTAs) with Australia, Singapore and Thailand are in force, as well as a four-way FTA
with Singapore, Brunei and Chile. FTA negotiations are ongoing with China, Malaysia and ASEAN
(concurrently with Australia) and the readiness to begin FTA negotiations has been signalled by Gulf
Cooperation Council.
2. NZ's main trading partners are now in decreasing order Australia, EU, USA, Japan and China. New
Zealand depends on international trade. The EU is NZ's 2nd trading partner (after Australia) with
increasing trade figures since 1990 and resulting in 2005 in a total trade of 6197 mio Euro (or 16% of its
trade). NZNZ exports to the EU consist mostly (67%) of agricultural products (in 2005 mainly sheep meat,
wool, dairy products, fruits, wine) and to a minor extent also machinery, chemicals and commodities. NZ
participates actively in the WTO DDA negotiations.
viii
New Zealand’s relation with US improved after the New Zealand government’s decision to commit
troops to the US-led war against terrorism in Afghanistan in late 2001. US government also welcomed
New Zealand’s dispatch of a frigate to the Gulf in late 2002. A longer-standing issue is New Zealand’s
nuclear-free policy, which prevents US warships from visiting New Zealand. This is seen as an
impediment to a future free-trade agreement (FTA) between the two countries, and tricky issues
surrounding agricultural trade would also need to be resolved. The government’s failure to support the
US-led war in Iraq upset bilateral relations in 2003, although relations have since improved.
ixBusiness environment
While it may have been acceptable in the past for businesses to pursue profits single minded with little
or no consideration for the wider social and environmental impact of their activities, this is not the case
today. The consumer movement and the environmental lobby are now firmly established as vigilant and
powerful watchdogs, and have successfully brought about changes in business practice and in the laws
which govern how businesses must operate.
In Budget 2007 the Government announced significant changes to business taxation and the business
environment - to help develop a more innovative and dynamic economy better able to compete in the
global marketplace. The Budget 2007 sought approval for reducing the company tax rate from 33% to
30%, with effect from the 2008/09 income year. It also reduced the tax rate on widely held savings
vehicles at the new company rate of 30% and caps the Portfolio Investment rate at 30%. Approval was
also sought in the previous cabinet paper to allow shareholders to use the current 33% imputation
credit ratio until 31 March 2010. There was a research and development tax credit introduced and also a
policy changes relating to the imputation credit ratio, resident withholding tax on dividends and the
qualifying company election tax rate.
MDAS is currently the government’s key firm-level response to the market failures affecting the market
development activities of New Zealand firms. Broadly, MDAS seeks to promote new, sustainable and
deeper market development activity by targeting firms that are developing new markets. Firms are able
to apply for a 50% refund of eligible market development activity up to $100,000 per annum. In
November 2006, Cabinet agreed to boost MDAS funding by a total of $33.750 million for the period 1
January 2007 to 31 March 2008.
x
The Employment Contracts Act deregulated the labour market in 2000 and replaced most centralised
wage-bargaining with individual contracts negotiated between employers and their staff. Amendments
to the Employment Relations Act took effect in December 2004. These increase protection for workers
on the sale of a business, and strengthen collective bargaining procedures by making it a breach of good
3. faith for an employer to extend a union-negotiated deal to non-union employees as a means of
undermining the collective agreement. Legislation passed in 2001 gives entitlement to paid parental
leave, and tougher health and safety laws took effect from May 2003 following the approval of the
Health and Safety in Employment Amendment Act by parliament in December 2002. In addition, the
Holidays Act 2003, which came into effect in April 2004, requires that staff be paid at least time-and-a-
half for working public holidays, and provides for minimum paid annual leave entitlements to increase
from three weeks to four from April 2007.
New Zealand faces some serious energy sector challenges both in oil and gas domain. Natural gas
production from Maui field is rapidly declining and at the same time greenhouse gas emissions are
rising. xiIn the Sept 2007 year total electricity generation fell 0.8 percent compared with the September
2006 year. Gas production increased for the first time in a September 2007 year since 2001. Diesel
deliveries increased again and they've increased every September since 1996.
Economic Policy
The economy is an export oriented with main trade partners are Australia, USA, China and Japan. Other
important industries are Agriculture and tourism. As per World Bank it is the most business friendly
economy in the world. The GDP growth rate in the last 5 years has been 3% to 6%. Annual growth in
gross domestic product was 2.6 percent for the June 2008 year. Real gross national disposable income
increased 5.0 percent for the year ended June 2008. xiiFiscal surpluses have been substantial in recent
years, leading the government to reduce personal taxes, adjust income tax thresholds in the 2008/09
(July-June) budget and pencil in further reductions until 2011/12. xiiiAs per economist New Zealand dollar
will depreciate marginally from NZ$1.36:US$1 in 2007 to NZ$1.37:US$1 in 2008, and will then weaken
considerably to NZ$1.61:US$1 in 2009.
xiv
Statistics New Zealand estimates that of every $100 spent by households on goods and services
covered by the CPI, $22.75 is spent on housing and household utilities, compared with $20.02 in 2006.
This reflects increased spending on renting and on purchasing new housing, and higher electricity prices.
Food accounts for $17.83 of every $100 spent, compared with $17.38 in 2006. xvThe increase reflects an
increase of 11.3 percent in food prices over the past two years. Other groups have shown declines in
relative importance, including transport (down from $17.24 to $16.18 of every $100 spent), with lower
spending on cars contributing to the fall. However, the relative importance of petrol has increased to
$5.47 of every $100 spent. xviThe overall wage rate has increased by 3.5 % since the last year and as per
forecasts done by The Economist, Consumer price inflation will average 4.1% in 2008, before
slowing to 3.3% in 2009.
Balance of Payment
xvii
The total level of investment in New Zealand at 31 March 2008 was $275.7 billion, with $87.5 billion
(31.7 percent) sourced from Australia. The level of New Zealand’s investment abroad was $121.9 billion
at 31 March 2008, of which investment in Australia was $34.1 billion (28.0 percent). At 31 March 2003,
Australia was the source of 23.1 percent of the level of foreign investment in New Zealand, and the
destination for 22.3 percent of New Zealand's level of investment abroad.
4. xviii
New Zealand's two other main international investment partners are the United States of America
(USA) and the United Kingdom (UK). At 31 March 2008, these two countries combined were the
destination of 29.5 percent of New Zealand's investment abroad, and the source of 33.3 percent of
foreign investment in New Zealand. Most of New Zealand’s international assets and liabilities continue
to be held by the finance and insurance industry, although the manufacturing industry is also significant.
Together, these industries held 76.6 percent of New Zealand’s assets abroad, and 68.9 percent of New
Zealand’s international liabilities.
xix
At 31 March 2008 New Zealand's foreign currency external debt was $109.9 billion. Of this debt, 92.2
percent was hedged in some way. The year ended June 2008 current account deficit was 8.4 percent of
GDP, and the revised current account deficit to GDP ratio for the year ended March 2008 was 8.0
percent.
New Zealand is dependent on foreign capital inflows to finance its chronic current-account deficit. Total
gross overseas debt as a proportion of GDP reached 113.6% in March 2001, but had risen to 115.7% by
March 2006. Strong debt accumulation by the private sector (mainly financial corporations) has played
an important role in the growth of overseas debt, although the risk of foreign-currency exposure is
reduced by a high level of hedging of foreign currency debt. In contrast to the private sector, the public
sector has had a steadily declining direct influence on the current-account deficit and gross foreign debt
levels. The public sector’s share of total gross external debt fell from over 31% in 1993 to 11.4% of GDP
by March 2006.
Effect of Global financial crisis
xx
In the first instance, global growth forecasts will be reduced as risk and uncertainty increase the cost of
credit, while investors will simply be more risk averse to new investments. This means that banks will be
much more wary of who they lend to, irrespective of interest rate hikes. BusinessWeek has named New
Zealand as one of the 13 countries likely to be hit hardest by the global credit crunch.
NZ’s net international liabilities now exceed $150 billion and act as a significant drag on the country’s
ability to reduce the current account deficit over the short to medium term. Debt makes up the vast
bulk of NZ’s international liabilities (around 88 per cent of the total), and increases in interest rates since
early 2007 have made servicing that debt more expensive.
The extent of NZ’s external imbalance leaves the country vulnerable given that international investors
are re-pricing risk and credit is becoming internationally more expensive in light of recent events. In this
respect, its large external deficit leaves NZ susceptible to a change in investor sentiment as the country
relies heavily on external funding for its investment needs. With banks obtaining about a fifth of their
money from offshore, it is a moot point whether there is any chance of a significant decline in household
interest rates.
Despite the above, NZ is in a very useful position in terms of our fiscal and monetary policy settings
should the impact of the global financial crisis be more prolonged and deep-seated.
5. In terms of monetary policy, the Reserve Bank has, until recently, maintained a relatively tight stance in
light of inflationary pressures. With the Official Cash Rate (OCR) currently sitting at 7.5 per cent, there is
plenty of room for dropping it further. NZ banks are also not involved in many of the complex financial
transactions that have caused significant losses for many large global institutions. But despite the lack of
direct involvement, NZ banks will be indirectly affected by financial prices as added uncertainty will
ensure that investors become increasingly risk averse.
In respect to NZ’s fiscal position, operating balances have declined but are still in positive territory, while
NZ has operated cash surpluses until recently. Therefore there is still room for further fiscal stimulus if
this was considered absolutely necessary. NZ government debt is also low by international standards,
providing a cushion against a potential downturn. While the pre-election Economic and Fiscal Update (6
October 2008) shows a significant deterioration in NZ’s fiscal position, by international standards, New
Zealand is still in a reasonable position to weather any significant global downturn.
Growth in NZ is expected to pick up in 2009 as a result of a number of positives likely to impact on
output at that time. These include the combined effects of personal income tax cuts which have just
started recovery in agricultural production from the drought of 2007/08, added expansion in the dairy
sector as a result of significant conversions, and finally, expectations of further, perhaps significant, cuts
by the Reserve Bank in the OCR.
Things to watch
Trade fiction with main trading partners
Change in policies due to new government
Declination of economic growth
8. References
i
The Heritage foundation. (2008). 2008 Index of economic freedom. Available:
http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
ii
International Monetary fundI. (2008). New Zealand Country Info. Available:
http://www.imf.org/external/country/NZL/index.htm. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
iii
New Zealand goverment. (2008). Demographic trends 2007. Available:
http://www.stats.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/6476A1DB-472E-412A-9890-
0C09A3B2ED37/0/Chapter8_Nationaldemographicprojections.pdf. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
iv
CIA. (2008). The world factbook. Available: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/nz.html. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
v
Anonymous. (2008). New Zealand. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand. Last accessed 27 Oct
2008.
vi
Economist. (2008). Outlook for 2008-09. Available:
http://www.eiu.com/index.asp?layout=RKArticleVW3&article_id=553766640&country_id=&channel_id=&category
_id=&refm=rkHome&page_title=Latest+risk+analysis. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
vii
European commission. (2008). Trade Issues New Zealand. Available:
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/issues/bilateral/countries/newzealand/index_en.htm. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
viii
Economist. (2008). Outlook for 2008-09. Available:
http://www.eiu.com/index.asp?layout=RKArticleVW3&article_id=553766640&country_id=&channel_id=&category
_id=&refm=rkHome&page_title=Latest+risk+analysis. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
ix New Zealand goverment. (2008). Welcome to the New Zealand Treasury. Available:
http://www.treasury.govt.nz/. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
x
Economist.(2007). Country Profile New Zealand. Available:
http://www.economist.com/Countries/NewZealand/profile.cfm?folder=Profile-Forecast. Last accessed 27 Oct
2008
xi Geoff Bascand. (2008). Government Statistician. Available: http://www.stats.govt.nz. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
xii
Economist.(2007). Country Profile New Zealand. Available:
http://www.eiu.com/index.asp?layout=VWCountryVW3&country_id=1820000182. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008
xiii
Economist. (2008). Country report New Zealand. Available:
http://www.reportbuyer.com/countries/asia_pacific/new_zealand/country_report_new_zealand_september_200
8.html. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
xiv
Geoff Bascand. (2008). Government Statistician. Available: http://www.stats.govt.nz. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
xv
Geoff Bascand. (2008). Government Statistician. Available: http://www.stats.govt.nz. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
xvi
Economist. (2008). Country report New ZEaland. Available:
http://www.reportbuyer.com/countries/asia_pacific/new_zealand/country_report_new_zealand_september_200
8.html. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
xvii
Geoff Bascand. (2008). Government Statistician. Available: http://www.stats.govt.nz. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
xviii
Geoff Bascand. (2008). Government Statistician. Available: http://www.stats.govt.nz. Last accessed 27 Oct
2008.
xix
Geoff Bascand. (2008). Government Statistician. Available: http://www.stats.govt.nz. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.
xx
Business NZ. (2008). Economic conditions index. Available:
http://www.businessnz.org.nz/file/1547/081017October%20(2).pdf. Last accessed 27 Oct 2008.